Phenolic screening and biological activities of Chenopodium botrys L. extracts

Year 2021, , 78 - 83, 15.11.2021

Ela Nur Şimşek Sezer , Tuna Uysal

https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.890324

Abstract

The genus Chenopodium is a genus that includes over 200 species and contains annual or perennial herbaceous flowering plant species scattered almost worldwide. While species belonging to the Chenopodium genus are used to treat various diseases, modern pharmaceutical research has revealed their strong anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial potential. In this study, some biological effects of Chenopodium botrys (methanol and ethanol) extracts were evaluated by helping some analytical approaches. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of the extracts were revealed. In this study, 4 phenolic components in the extracts were determined with the HPLC technique and to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts TPC (total phenolic content), RPA (reducing power activity), and DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods were used. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the extracts on the HL60 cell line. The results showed that both extracts have important properties that should be evaluated, and especially the ethanolic extract is more effective than the methanolic extract in all aspects (TPC, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity). As a conclusion, it is clear that this plant needs to be investigated further for the isolation and characterization of new and effective phytochemicals. We hope that this study could be a precursor for future studies.

Keywords

Antioxidant, HPLC, HL60, MTT, phenolic

Project Number

Proje No: 19401125

References

• Acıbuca V, Budak DB (2018). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin yeri ve önemi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 33(1): 37-44.
• Ahmed D, Khan MM, Saeed R (2015). Comparative analysis of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant and antibacterial potential of methanolic, hexanic and aqueous extracts from Adiantum caudatum leaves. Antioxidants 4(2): 394-409.
• Al-Hazzani AA, Alshatwi AA (2011). Catechin hydrate inhibits proliferation and mediates apoptosis of SiHa human cervical cancer cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49(12): 3281-3286.
• Alshatwi AA (2010). Catechin hydrate suppresses MCF-7 proliferation through TP53/Caspase-mediated apoptosis. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 29(1): 1-9.
• Andov LA, Karapandzova M, Jovanova B, Stefkov G, Karanfilova IC, Panovska TK, Kulevanova S (2015).
• Antioxidative potential of Chenopodium botrys L. (Amaranthaceae). Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 61(2): 3-10.
• Baldi A, Choudhary NK (2013). In vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Chenopodium album extract. International Journal of Green Pharmacy 7(1): 50–56.
• Bandaranayake WM (2006). Modern Phytomedicine. Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs. Weinheim: WILEY-VCH.
• Bano A, Ahmad M, Ben Hadda T, Saboor A, Sultana S, Zafar M, Khan MP, Arshad M, Ashraf MA (2014). Quantitative ethnomedicinal study of plants used in the Skardu valley at high altitude of Karakoram-Himalayan range. Pakistan Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10(1): 43.
• Bhargava A, Shukla S, Kumar R, Ohri D (2009). Metroglyph analysis of morphological variation in Chenopodium spp. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(1): 117-120.
• Bodeker C, Bodeker G, Ong CK, Grundy CK, Burford G, Shein K (2005). WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
• Bozyel ME, Bozyel EM, Canlı K, Altuner EM (2019). Anticancer Uses of Medicinal Plants in Turkish Traditional Medicine. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 22(Suppl. 2): 465-484.
• Chu YH, Chang CL, Hsu HF (2000). Flavonoid content of several vegetables and their antioxidant activity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80(5): 561-566.
• Efferth T, Olbrich A, Sauerbrey A, Ross DD, Gebhart E, Neugebauer M (2002). Activity of ascaridol from the anthelmintic herb Chenopodium anthelminticum L. against sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Anticancer Research 22(6C): 4221-4224.
• Ekor M (2014). The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology 4: 177.
• Fong Y, Tang CC, Hu HT, Fang HY, Chen BH, Wu CY, ... Chiu CC (2016). Inhibitory effect of trans-ferulic acid on proliferation and migration of human lung cancer cells accompanied with increased endogenous reactive oxygen species and β-catenin instability. Chinese Medicine 11(1): 1-13.
• Gawlik-Dziki U, Świeca M, Sułkowski M, Dziki D, Baraniak B, Czyż J (2013). Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Chenopodium quinoa leaves extracts–in vitro study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 57: 154-160.
• Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç M. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi Damarlı Bitkiler. İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını (In Turkish).
• Hanelt P (2001). Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, 1st ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Publishers.
• Hazrat A, Nisar M, Shah J, Ahmad S (2011). Ethnobotanical study of some elite plants belonging to Dir, Kohistan valley, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: 787-95.
• Janicke B, Hegardt C, Krogh M, Onning G, Akesson B, Cirenajwis HM, et al. (2011). The antiproliferative effect of dietary fiber phenolic compounds ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid on the cell cycle of Caco-2 cells. Nutrition and Cancer 63(4): 611-22.
• Karthikeyan S, Kanimozhi G, Prasad NR, Mahalakshmi R (2011). Radiosensitizing effect of ferulic acid on human cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro 25(7): 1366-1375.
• Khare CP (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants: An illustrated dictionary. New York: Springer-Verlag.
• Khoobchandani M, Ojeswi BK, Sharma B, Srivastava M (2009). Chenopodium album prevents progression of cell growth and enhances cell toxicity in human breast cancer cell lines. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2(3): 160-165.
• Kletter C, Krichbaum M (2001). Tibetan Medicinal Plants. Medpharm Scientific Publishers.
• Koelz WN (1979). Notes on the Ethnobotany of Lahul, a province of the Punjab. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research 17: 1-56.
• Kokanova-Nedialkova Z, Nedialkov PT, Momekov G (2019). Saponins from the roots of Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Natural Product Research 33(14): 2024-2031.
• Maksimović ZA, Dordević S, Mraović M (2005). Antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium botrys essential oil. Fitoterapia 76: 112-114.
• Miranda M, Delatorre-Herrera J, Vega-Galvez A, Jorquera E, Quispe-Fuentes I, Martı´nez E (2014). Antimicrobial potential and phytochemical content of six diverse sources of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Agricultural Sciences 5(5): 1015-1024.
• Morteza-Semnani K (2015). A Review on Chenopodium botrys L.: traditional uses, chemical composition and biological activities. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 1(2): 1-9.
• Mosmann T (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods 65: 55-63.
• Nascimento FRF, Cruz GVB, Pereira PVS, Maciel MCG, Silva LA, Azevedo AP, Barroqueiro ES, Guerra RN (2006).
• Ascitic and solid Ehrlich tumor inhibition by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. treatment. Life Sciences 78(22): 2650-2653.
• Nowak R, Szewczyk K, Gawlik-Dziki U, Rzymowska J, Komsta L (2016). Antioxidative and cytotoxic potential of some Chenopodium L. species growing in Poland. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 23(1): 15-23.
• Oyaizu M (1986). Studies on products of browning reactions: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 44: 307-315.
• Ozer MS, Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B (2016). Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of ethanol and water extracts of Chenopodium botrys. RSC Advances 6(69): 64986-64992.
• Pardo de Santayana M, Blanco E, Morales R (2005). Plants known as té in Spain: an ethno-pharmaco-botanical review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98(1-2): 1-19.
• Potawale SE, Luniya KP, Mantri RA, Mehta UK, Wassem MD, Sadiq MD, Veta YD, Deshmukh RS (2008). Chenopodium ambrosioides: an ethnopharmacological review. Pharmacology Online 2: 272-286.
• Repo-Carrasco-Valencia R, Hellström JK, Pihlava JM, Mattila PH (2010). Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in Andean indigenous grains: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus). Food Chemistry 120(1): 128-133.
• Slinkard K, Singleton VL (1977). Total phenol analysis: Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Society for Enology and Viticulture 28: 49-55.
• Ullah F, Iqbal N, Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Ullah I, Ahmad S, Imran M (2017). DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging, antibacterial and phytochemical evaluation of crude methanolic extract and subsequent fractions of Chenopodium botrys aerial parts. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 30(3): 761-766.
• Yadav N, Vasudeva N, Singh S, Sharma SK (2007). Medicinal properties of genus Chenopodium Linn. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources 6: 131-134.
• Zargari A (1993). Medicinal Plants, vol. 4. Tehran: Tehran University Publications.