Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the chemical composition (ash, cellulose, total chlorophylls, carotenoid, and essential oil (EO) content), antioxidant activity, and mineral composition of the lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L) obtained from Bulgaria. The chemical composition of the EO was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the EO were caryophyllene oxide (33.99%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.28%), α-citral (6.62%), (5E,9E)-farnesyl acetone (5.00%), β-caryophyllene (4.82%), (2E,6Z)-farnesal (4.56%), (5E,9Z)-farnesyl acetone (4.16%), β-citral (3.98%), and γ-eudesmol (3.13%). The antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl) free radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), TEAC assay, determination of hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and determination of superoxide scavenging capacity methods. The total phenol content was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total flavonoid amount of the extracts was determined by optimizing the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The total phenolic content, the total flavonoid composition, and the antioxidant potential of the lemon balm leaves included 184.33 mg GAE g-1, 12.65 mg QE g-1, and 62.83 μg ml-1, respectively. Mineral and heavy metal contents were determined by the iCAP-Qc ICP-MS spectrometer. The highest amounts of macro and microminerals were determined for K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Rb, Ba, Mn, and Fe, respectively.

Keywords

• Melissa officinalis L.
• chemical composition
• antioxidant activity
• GS-MS
• ICP-MS

Bulgaristan florasından toplanan yabani melisa (Melissa officinalis L.)’nın fitokimyasal bileşimi

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile Bulgaristan florasından toplanan melisanın (Melissa officinalis L) kimyasal bileşenleri (kül, selüloz, toplam klorofil, karotenoid ve uçucu yağ (EO) içeriği), antioksidan aktivitesi ve mineral madde bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uçucu yağ analizinde gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) cihazı kullanılmıştır. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri, karyofilen oksit (%33.99), n-heksadekanoik asit (%14.28), α-sitral (%6.62), (5E,9E)-farnesil aseton (%5.00), β-karyofilen (%4.82), (2E,6Z)-farnesal (%4.56), (5E,9Z)-farnesil aseton (%4,16), β-sitral (%3,98) ve γ-eudesmol (%3.13) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasitesini belirlemek için DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) serbest radikali, ferrik indirgeyici antioksidan güç testi (FRAP), TEAC testi, hidroksil radikali süpürme kapasitesi ve süperoksit süpürme kapasitesi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Toplam fenol içeriği, Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ekstraktların toplam flavonoid miktarı, alüminyum klorür kolorimetrik yöntemi optimize edilerek belirlenmiştir. Melisa yapraklarının toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi sırasıyla 184.33 mg GAE g-1, 12.65 mg QE g-1 ve 62.83 μg ml-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mineral madde ve ağır metal içerikleri, iCAP-Qc ICP-MS spektrometresi ile belirlenmiştir. En yüksek makro ve mikromineral miktarı sırasıyla K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Rb, Ba, Mn ve Fe olarak belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Melissa officinalis L.,
• kimyasal kompozisyon
• ontioksidan aktivite
• GS_MS
• ICP-MS

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