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Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria

Year 2021, , 112 - 119, 15.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.959040

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the chemical composition (ash, cellulose, total chlorophylls, carotenoid, and essential oil (EO) content), antioxidant activity, and mineral composition of the lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L) obtained from Bulgaria. The chemical composition of the EO was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the EO were caryophyllene oxide (33.99%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.28%), α-citral (6.62%), (5E,9E)-farnesyl acetone (5.00%), β-caryophyllene (4.82%), (2E,6Z)-farnesal (4.56%), (5E,9Z)-farnesyl acetone (4.16%), β-citral (3.98%), and γ-eudesmol (3.13%). The antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl) free radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), TEAC assay, determination of hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and determination of superoxide scavenging capacity methods. The total phenol content was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total flavonoid amount of the extracts was determined by optimizing the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The total phenolic content, the total flavonoid composition, and the antioxidant potential of the lemon balm leaves included 184.33 mg GAE g-1, 12.65 mg QE g-1, and 62.83 μg ml-1, respectively. Mineral and heavy metal contents were determined by the iCAP-Qc ICP-MS spectrometer. The highest amounts of macro and microminerals were determined for K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Rb, Ba, Mn, and Fe, respectively.

References

  • Abdellatif F, Akram M, Begaa S, Messaoudi M, Benarfa A, Egbuna C, Ouakouak H, Hassani A, Sawicka B, Elbossaty WFM, Simal-Gandara J (2021). Minerals, essential oils, and biological properties of Melissa officinalis L. Plants 10(1066): 2-16.
  • Abdellatif F, Boudjella H, Zitouni A, Hassani A (2014). Chemical composition and antimicrobial, activity of the essential oil from leaves of Algerian Melissa officinalis L. EXCLI Journal 13: 772-781.
  • Adams RP (2007). Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th ed. Illinois: Allured Publishing Co.
  • Anonymus (1990). The State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, 11th ed. Moscow: Medizina.
  • Balinova A, Diakov G (1974). On improved apparatus for microdistillation of rose flowers. Plant Science 11: 77-85.
  • Basta A, Tzakou O, Couladis M (2005). Composition of the leaves essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Greece. Flavour Fragrance Journal 20: 642-644.
  • Benzie FF, Strain JJ (1999). Ferric reducing/ antioxidant power assay: Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology 299: 15-23.
  • Biju J, Sulaiman CT, Satheesh G, Reddy VRK (2014). Total phenolics and flavonoids inselected medicinal plants from Kerala. International Journal Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 6: 406-408.
  • Bozovic M, Garzoli S, Baldisserotto A, Romagnoli C, Pepi F, Cesa S, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Ragno R (2018). Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Sibth. & Sm.) Arcang. essential oil: Chemical composition and preliminary antimicrobial investigation of samples obtained at different harvesting periods and by fractionated extractions. Industrial Crops and Products 117: 317-321.
  • Brendel O, Iannetta PPM, Stewart D (2000). A rapid and simple method to isolate pure α-cellulose. Phytochemical Analysis 11(1): 7-10.
  • Chung MJ, Cho SY, Bhuiyan MJH, Kim KH, Lee SJ (2010). Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose-and lipidregulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. British Journal of Nutrition 104: 180-188.
  • Corte-Real J, Bertucci M, Soukoulis C, Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Richling E, Hoffmann L, Bohn T (2017). Negative effects of divalent mineral cations on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant food matrices and related physical properties of gastro-intestinal fluids. Food Funct 8:1008-1019.
  • Dastmalchi K, Dorman HD, Oinonen PP, Darwis Y, Laakso I, Hitunen R (2008). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT Food Sciences Technology 41: 391-400.
  • Dehbani Z, Komaki A, Etaee F, Shahidi M, Taheri M, Komaki S, Faraji N (2019). Effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on passive avoidance learning and memory. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 8: 120-125.
  • Dias MI, Barrosa L, Sousa MJ, Ferreira ICFR (2012). Systematic comparison of nutraceuticals and antioxidant potential of cultivated, in vitro cultured and commercial Melissa officinalis samples. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50(6): 1866-1873.
  • Georgiev E, Stoyanova А (2006). A guide for the specialist in aromatic industry. Plovdiv. Bulgaria.
  • Gezer K, Duru ME, Kıvrak I, Türkoğlu A, Mercan N, Türkoğlu H, Gülcan S (2006). Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom of Turkey. African journal of Biotechnology 5(20): 1924-1928.
  • Gholami-Zali AG, Ehsanzadeh P (2018). Exogenous proline improves osmoregulation, physiological functions, essential oil, and seed yield of fennel. Industrial Crops and Product 111:133-140.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM (2007). Free radicals in biology and medicine, 4th ed., New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Hassan RA, Abotaleb ST, Hamed HB, Eldeen MS (2019). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm) extracts. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology 10(9):183-187.
  • Holla M, Svajdlenka E, Tekel J, Vaverkova S, Havranek E (1997). Composition of the essential oil from Melissa officinalis L. cultived in Slovak Republik. Journal of Essential Oil Research 9: 481-484.
  • Horwitz W, Latimer Jr. GW (2005). Method 930.05. Ash of plants, official methods of analysis. Gaithersburg: AOAC International.
  • Huber DM, Jones J (2013). The role of magnesium in plant disease. Plant and Soil 368: 73-85.
  • Kaçar B, İnal A (2010). Plant Analysis. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kamdem JP, Adeniran A, Boligon AA, Athyade ML (2013). Antioxidant activity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) ethanolic extract: its potential role in neuroprotection. Industrial Crops and Products 51: 26-34.
  • Katalinic V, Milos M, Modun D, Music I, Boban M. (2004). Antioxidant effectiveness of selected wines in comparison with (+)-catechin. Food Chemistry 80: 593-600.
  • Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA (2002). Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacology Biochemistry Behavior 72: 953-964.
  • Kittler J, Krüger H, Lohwasser U, Ulrich D, Zeiger B, Schütze W, Böttcher C, Gudi G, Kästner U, Marthe F (2017). Evaluation of 28 balm and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) accessions for content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid. Genetic Resource and Crop Evolution 65(1): 745-757.
  • Latimer Jr. GW (2016). Method 976.06. Protein (crude) in animal feed and pet food. Official Methods of Analysis. Geithersburg: AOAC International.
  • McCord JM, Fridovich I (1999). Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). Journal Biological Chemistry 244: 6049-6055.
  • Meftahizade H, Sargsyan E, Moradkhani H (2010). Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(14): 1391-1395.
  • Mihaylova D, Popova A, Alexieva I (2015). The effect of extraction time on the antioxidant activity of fresh Bulgarian Melissa officinalis L. Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology Spec Issue: 115-118.
  • Moradi M, Karimi A, Alidadi A S Hashemi L (2016). In Vitro anti- adenovirus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm) Extract. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(9): 1471-1477.
  • Pino J, Rosado A, Fuentes V (1999). Composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Cuba. Journal of Essential Oil Research 11: 363-364.
  • Popova A, Dalemska Z , Mihaylova D, Hristova I, Alexieva I (2016). Melissa officinalis L. GC Profile and Antioxidant Activity. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(4): 634-638.
  • Radulescu M, Jianu C, Lukinich-Gruia AT , Mioc M, Mioc A, Soica C, Stana LG (2021). Chemical composition, in vitro and in silico antioxidant potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil. Antioxidants 10(7): 1081.
  • Rajendra PP, Rakshapal S, Rajeswara R, Singh RR, Abhilasha S, Lal RK (2016). Differential response of genotype × environment on phenology, essential oil yield and quality of natural aroma chemicals of five Ocimum species. Industrial Crops and Products 87:210-217.
  • Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolourisation assay. Free Radical Biology. Medicine 26: 1231-1237.
  • Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos, RM (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymology 299: 152-178.
  • Sodré ACB, Luz JMQ, Haber L, Marques MOM, Rodrigues CR, Blank AF (2012). Organic and mineral fertilization and chemical composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) essential oil. Revista Brasiliera de Farmacognosia 22(1): 44-44.
  • Sousa AC, Gattass CR, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, Blank AF, Alves PB (2004). Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56: 677-681.
  • Spiridon I, Colceru S, Anghel N, Teaca CA, Bodirlau R, Armatu A (2011). Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romania. Natural Product Research 25(17): 1657-1661.
  • Tusevski O, Kostovska A, Iloska A, Trajkovska L, Simic SG (2014). Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants. Central European Journal Biology 9(9): 888-900.
  • Uyanik M, Gurbuz B (2014). Chemical diversity in essential oil compositions of leaf, herb and flower in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 1: 210-214.
  • Weitzel C, Petersen M (2010). Enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism in the important medicinal plant Melissa officinalis L. Planta 232(3):731-742.
  • Zarei A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Taheri, S, Hosseini, N (2015). A Brief overview of the effects of Melissa officinalis L. extract on the function of various body organs. Zahedan Journal Research Medicinal Sciences 17(7): 1-6.

Bulgaristan florasından toplanan yabani melisa (Melissa officinalis L.)’nın fitokimyasal bileşimi

Year 2021, , 112 - 119, 15.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.959040

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile Bulgaristan florasından toplanan melisanın (Melissa officinalis L) kimyasal bileşenleri (kül, selüloz, toplam klorofil, karotenoid ve uçucu yağ (EO) içeriği), antioksidan aktivitesi ve mineral madde bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uçucu yağ analizinde gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) cihazı kullanılmıştır. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri, karyofilen oksit (%33.99), n-heksadekanoik asit (%14.28), α-sitral (%6.62), (5E,9E)-farnesil aseton (%5.00), β-karyofilen (%4.82), (2E,6Z)-farnesal (%4.56), (5E,9Z)-farnesil aseton (%4,16), β-sitral (%3,98) ve γ-eudesmol (%3.13) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasitesini belirlemek için DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) serbest radikali, ferrik indirgeyici antioksidan güç testi (FRAP), TEAC testi, hidroksil radikali süpürme kapasitesi ve süperoksit süpürme kapasitesi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Toplam fenol içeriği, Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ekstraktların toplam flavonoid miktarı, alüminyum klorür kolorimetrik yöntemi optimize edilerek belirlenmiştir. Melisa yapraklarının toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi sırasıyla 184.33 mg GAE g-1, 12.65 mg QE g-1 ve 62.83 μg ml-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mineral madde ve ağır metal içerikleri, iCAP-Qc ICP-MS spektrometresi ile belirlenmiştir. En yüksek makro ve mikromineral miktarı sırasıyla K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Rb, Ba, Mn ve Fe olarak belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Abdellatif F, Akram M, Begaa S, Messaoudi M, Benarfa A, Egbuna C, Ouakouak H, Hassani A, Sawicka B, Elbossaty WFM, Simal-Gandara J (2021). Minerals, essential oils, and biological properties of Melissa officinalis L. Plants 10(1066): 2-16.
  • Abdellatif F, Boudjella H, Zitouni A, Hassani A (2014). Chemical composition and antimicrobial, activity of the essential oil from leaves of Algerian Melissa officinalis L. EXCLI Journal 13: 772-781.
  • Adams RP (2007). Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th ed. Illinois: Allured Publishing Co.
  • Anonymus (1990). The State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, 11th ed. Moscow: Medizina.
  • Balinova A, Diakov G (1974). On improved apparatus for microdistillation of rose flowers. Plant Science 11: 77-85.
  • Basta A, Tzakou O, Couladis M (2005). Composition of the leaves essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Greece. Flavour Fragrance Journal 20: 642-644.
  • Benzie FF, Strain JJ (1999). Ferric reducing/ antioxidant power assay: Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology 299: 15-23.
  • Biju J, Sulaiman CT, Satheesh G, Reddy VRK (2014). Total phenolics and flavonoids inselected medicinal plants from Kerala. International Journal Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 6: 406-408.
  • Bozovic M, Garzoli S, Baldisserotto A, Romagnoli C, Pepi F, Cesa S, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Ragno R (2018). Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Sibth. & Sm.) Arcang. essential oil: Chemical composition and preliminary antimicrobial investigation of samples obtained at different harvesting periods and by fractionated extractions. Industrial Crops and Products 117: 317-321.
  • Brendel O, Iannetta PPM, Stewart D (2000). A rapid and simple method to isolate pure α-cellulose. Phytochemical Analysis 11(1): 7-10.
  • Chung MJ, Cho SY, Bhuiyan MJH, Kim KH, Lee SJ (2010). Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose-and lipidregulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. British Journal of Nutrition 104: 180-188.
  • Corte-Real J, Bertucci M, Soukoulis C, Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Richling E, Hoffmann L, Bohn T (2017). Negative effects of divalent mineral cations on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant food matrices and related physical properties of gastro-intestinal fluids. Food Funct 8:1008-1019.
  • Dastmalchi K, Dorman HD, Oinonen PP, Darwis Y, Laakso I, Hitunen R (2008). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT Food Sciences Technology 41: 391-400.
  • Dehbani Z, Komaki A, Etaee F, Shahidi M, Taheri M, Komaki S, Faraji N (2019). Effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on passive avoidance learning and memory. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 8: 120-125.
  • Dias MI, Barrosa L, Sousa MJ, Ferreira ICFR (2012). Systematic comparison of nutraceuticals and antioxidant potential of cultivated, in vitro cultured and commercial Melissa officinalis samples. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50(6): 1866-1873.
  • Georgiev E, Stoyanova А (2006). A guide for the specialist in aromatic industry. Plovdiv. Bulgaria.
  • Gezer K, Duru ME, Kıvrak I, Türkoğlu A, Mercan N, Türkoğlu H, Gülcan S (2006). Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom of Turkey. African journal of Biotechnology 5(20): 1924-1928.
  • Gholami-Zali AG, Ehsanzadeh P (2018). Exogenous proline improves osmoregulation, physiological functions, essential oil, and seed yield of fennel. Industrial Crops and Product 111:133-140.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM (2007). Free radicals in biology and medicine, 4th ed., New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Hassan RA, Abotaleb ST, Hamed HB, Eldeen MS (2019). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm) extracts. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology 10(9):183-187.
  • Holla M, Svajdlenka E, Tekel J, Vaverkova S, Havranek E (1997). Composition of the essential oil from Melissa officinalis L. cultived in Slovak Republik. Journal of Essential Oil Research 9: 481-484.
  • Horwitz W, Latimer Jr. GW (2005). Method 930.05. Ash of plants, official methods of analysis. Gaithersburg: AOAC International.
  • Huber DM, Jones J (2013). The role of magnesium in plant disease. Plant and Soil 368: 73-85.
  • Kaçar B, İnal A (2010). Plant Analysis. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kamdem JP, Adeniran A, Boligon AA, Athyade ML (2013). Antioxidant activity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) ethanolic extract: its potential role in neuroprotection. Industrial Crops and Products 51: 26-34.
  • Katalinic V, Milos M, Modun D, Music I, Boban M. (2004). Antioxidant effectiveness of selected wines in comparison with (+)-catechin. Food Chemistry 80: 593-600.
  • Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA (2002). Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacology Biochemistry Behavior 72: 953-964.
  • Kittler J, Krüger H, Lohwasser U, Ulrich D, Zeiger B, Schütze W, Böttcher C, Gudi G, Kästner U, Marthe F (2017). Evaluation of 28 balm and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) accessions for content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid. Genetic Resource and Crop Evolution 65(1): 745-757.
  • Latimer Jr. GW (2016). Method 976.06. Protein (crude) in animal feed and pet food. Official Methods of Analysis. Geithersburg: AOAC International.
  • McCord JM, Fridovich I (1999). Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). Journal Biological Chemistry 244: 6049-6055.
  • Meftahizade H, Sargsyan E, Moradkhani H (2010). Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(14): 1391-1395.
  • Mihaylova D, Popova A, Alexieva I (2015). The effect of extraction time on the antioxidant activity of fresh Bulgarian Melissa officinalis L. Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology Spec Issue: 115-118.
  • Moradi M, Karimi A, Alidadi A S Hashemi L (2016). In Vitro anti- adenovirus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm) Extract. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(9): 1471-1477.
  • Pino J, Rosado A, Fuentes V (1999). Composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Cuba. Journal of Essential Oil Research 11: 363-364.
  • Popova A, Dalemska Z , Mihaylova D, Hristova I, Alexieva I (2016). Melissa officinalis L. GC Profile and Antioxidant Activity. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(4): 634-638.
  • Radulescu M, Jianu C, Lukinich-Gruia AT , Mioc M, Mioc A, Soica C, Stana LG (2021). Chemical composition, in vitro and in silico antioxidant potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil. Antioxidants 10(7): 1081.
  • Rajendra PP, Rakshapal S, Rajeswara R, Singh RR, Abhilasha S, Lal RK (2016). Differential response of genotype × environment on phenology, essential oil yield and quality of natural aroma chemicals of five Ocimum species. Industrial Crops and Products 87:210-217.
  • Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolourisation assay. Free Radical Biology. Medicine 26: 1231-1237.
  • Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos, RM (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymology 299: 152-178.
  • Sodré ACB, Luz JMQ, Haber L, Marques MOM, Rodrigues CR, Blank AF (2012). Organic and mineral fertilization and chemical composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) essential oil. Revista Brasiliera de Farmacognosia 22(1): 44-44.
  • Sousa AC, Gattass CR, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, Blank AF, Alves PB (2004). Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56: 677-681.
  • Spiridon I, Colceru S, Anghel N, Teaca CA, Bodirlau R, Armatu A (2011). Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romania. Natural Product Research 25(17): 1657-1661.
  • Tusevski O, Kostovska A, Iloska A, Trajkovska L, Simic SG (2014). Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants. Central European Journal Biology 9(9): 888-900.
  • Uyanik M, Gurbuz B (2014). Chemical diversity in essential oil compositions of leaf, herb and flower in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 1: 210-214.
  • Weitzel C, Petersen M (2010). Enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism in the important medicinal plant Melissa officinalis L. Planta 232(3):731-742.
  • Zarei A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Taheri, S, Hosseini, N (2015). A Brief overview of the effects of Melissa officinalis L. extract on the function of various body organs. Zahedan Journal Research Medicinal Sciences 17(7): 1-6.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hülya Doğan 0000-0003-1970-4123

Tansu Uskutoğlu 0000-0001-6631-1723

Hatice Baş 0000-0001-8296-0360

Stanko Stankov 0000-0003-2332-1782

Hafize Fidan 0000-0002-3373-5949

Belgin Coşge Şenkal 0000-0001-7330-8098

Albena Stoyanova 0000-0001-7140-7826

Nadezhda Petkova 0000-0002-5870-9157

Güngör Yılmaz 0000-0003-0070-5484

Ivayla Dincheva This is me 0000-0003-0276-4170

Publication Date November 15, 2021
Acceptance Date August 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Doğan, H., Uskutoğlu, T., Baş, H., Stankov, S., et al. (2021). Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria. Anatolian Journal of Botany, 5(2), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.959040
AMA Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Baş H, Stankov S, Fidan H, Coşge Şenkal B, Stoyanova A, Petkova N, Yılmaz G, Dincheva I. Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria. Ant J Bot. November 2021;5(2):112-119. doi:10.30616/ajb.959040
Chicago Doğan, Hülya, Tansu Uskutoğlu, Hatice Baş, Stanko Stankov, Hafize Fidan, Belgin Coşge Şenkal, Albena Stoyanova, Nadezhda Petkova, Güngör Yılmaz, and Ivayla Dincheva. “Phytochemical Composition of Wild Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) from the Flora of Bulgaria”. Anatolian Journal of Botany 5, no. 2 (November 2021): 112-19. https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.959040.
EndNote Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Baş H, Stankov S, Fidan H, Coşge Şenkal B, Stoyanova A, Petkova N, Yılmaz G, Dincheva I (November 1, 2021) Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria. Anatolian Journal of Botany 5 2 112–119.
IEEE H. Doğan, “Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria”, Ant J Bot, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 112–119, 2021, doi: 10.30616/ajb.959040.
ISNAD Doğan, Hülya et al. “Phytochemical Composition of Wild Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) from the Flora of Bulgaria”. Anatolian Journal of Botany 5/2 (November 2021), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.959040.
JAMA Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Baş H, Stankov S, Fidan H, Coşge Şenkal B, Stoyanova A, Petkova N, Yılmaz G, Dincheva I. Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria. Ant J Bot. 2021;5:112–119.
MLA Doğan, Hülya et al. “Phytochemical Composition of Wild Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) from the Flora of Bulgaria”. Anatolian Journal of Botany, vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 112-9, doi:10.30616/ajb.959040.
Vancouver Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Baş H, Stankov S, Fidan H, Coşge Şenkal B, Stoyanova A, Petkova N, Yılmaz G, Dincheva I. Phytochemical composition of wild lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) from the flora of Bulgaria. Ant J Bot. 2021;5(2):112-9.

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