Optimization of in vitro sterilization for pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstocks

Abstract

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is one of the leading edible nut consumed all over the World due to its nutritional values. The plant is cultivated in most of the countries alongwith Turkey which is one of the the leading grower of pistachio. In Turkey, the rootstock material is currently propagated through traditional methods and there is a need of propagating plant material using modern biotechnological techniques like plant tissue culture. The provision of contaminated free explants with minimum or no phenolic compounds in the culture medium is the prerequisite of in vitro regeneration protocol. The plant material used in this study was collected at different physiological stages during different months like April- June and Sep-October. The plant material was cut into 2-3 cm long nodal segments followed by cleaning with different agents like water, soap and fungicide prior to subjected to sterilizing agents. Different sterilizing agents used in this study were HgCl2, Huwa-san (H2O2) and commercial bleach (NaOCl) for both rootstocks (UCB-1 and Buttum) with different exposure time. Sterilized explants were cultured on MS basal medium containing plant growth regulators and subcultured once a week for three weeks. Results revealed that HgCl2 as sterilizing agent was more superior than other sterilizing agents for both rootstocks. Among rootstocks, UCB-1 was more responsive than Buttum and relatively more sterilized plants were attained. On the other hand, plant material collected during June responded better and 90.0% and 50.0% sterilzied plants were attained for UCB-1 and Buttum respectively. The results revealed the significant impact of collection time, sterilizing agent type, concentration and exposure time on sterilization of P. vera rootstocks.

Keywords

• In vitro
• Pistachio
• Phenolics
• Rootstocks
• Sterilization

Antep fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) anaçlarında in vitro sterilizasyon optimizasyonu

Abstract

Antep fıstığı (Pistachio vera L.), besin değerleri sebebiyle dünyada en çok tüketilen kuruyemişlerden biridir. Antep fıstığı, fıstık yetiştiriciliğinde önde olan Türkiye ile birlikte birçok ülkede yetiştirilmektedir. Türkiye’de genel olarak anaç materyali geleneksel yöntemler ile çoğaltılmaktadır ve bitki materyallerinin bitki doku kültürü gibi biyoteknolojik teknikleri kullanılarak çoğaltılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. In vitro rejenerasyon protokolünün ön koşulu, kültür ortamında kontamine olmayan, minimum veya hiç fenolik bileşik içermeyen eksplantların sağlanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan bitki materyali, Nisan-Hazıran ile Eylül-Ekim ayları arasında değişen farklı aylarda, farklı fizyolojik aşamalardayken toplanmıştır. Bitki materyali 2-3 cm uzunluğunda nod parçaları olarak kesilmiş ardından sterilizasyon ajanlarına tabi tutulmadan önce su, sabun ve mantar ilacı gibi farklı ajanlarla temizlenmiştir. Yapılan sterilizasyon çalışmada her iki anaç (UCB-1 ve Buttum) için farklı sürelerde HgCl2, Huwa-san (H2O2) ve ticari çamaşır suyu (NaOCl) farklı sterilizasyon ajanları kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra eksplantlar, bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri içeren bazal ortamlarda kültürlendi ve üç hafta boyunca haftada bir kez kültür aktarıldı. Sonuç olarak, sterilizasyon ajanı olarak HgCl2’nin her iki anaç için de diğer sterilizasyon ajanlarından daha üstün olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Anaçlardan UCB-1, Buttum’a göre daha duyarlı ve nispeten daha steril bitkiler elde edildi. Sonuç olarak, P. vera anaçlarının sterilizasyonunda eksplant alım zamanı, sterilizasyon ajanının türü, konsantrasyonu ve maruz kalma süresinin önemini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• Anaç
• Antep fistik
• Fenolikler
• In vitro
• Sterilizasyon

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