Antioxidant profiling of Anethum graveolens: Insights into phenolic and flavonoid-rich extracts

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 43 - 50

Burak Ayık , Buğrahan Emsen , Muhammet Doğan

https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.1605258

Abstract

This study investigates the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and metal chelation capacity of acetone and water extracts from Anethum graveolens L.. The total phenolic content of the acetone extract was significantly higher (173.49 ± 4.91 µg GAE/mg extract) than the water extract (98.52 ± 3.62 µg GAE/mg extract). Similarly, the flavonoid content of the acetone extract (72.81 ± 1.15 µg QE/mg extract) exceeded that of the water extract (27.69 ± 1.72 µg QE/mg extract). Concentration-dependent responses revealed higher antioxidant activity for the acetone extract across all tested concentrations (12.5–400 µg/mL), with a sharper increase in response at higher concentrations. The IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelation activities further confirmed the acetone extract's superior performance, with lower IC50 values for DPPH scavenging (51.56 µg/mL) and metal chelation (113.46 µg/mL) compared to the water extract (192.44 µg/mL and 268.95 µg/mL, respectively). Hierarchical clustering and 3-D surface plot analyses demonstrated strong correlations between DPPH scavenging and metal chelation activities for both extracts, with Pearson correlation coefficients of r = 0.94 for the acetone extract and r = 0.99 for the water extract. While the acetone extract displayed higher bioactivity, the water extract exhibited a more tightly linked relationship between its antioxidant and metal chelation properties. These findings highlight the potential of A. graveolens extracts as natural antioxidants and metal chelators, offering promising applications for oxidative stress mitigation and metal toxicity management.

Keywords

Bioactive compounds, Natural extracts, Phytochemicals, Polyphenols

Anethum graveolens'in antioksidan profili: Fenolik ve flavonoid bakımından zengin ekstraktlara dair bulgular

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Anethum graveolens L.'den elde edilen aseton ve su ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerini, antioksidan aktivitelerini ve metal şelatlama kapasitesini incelemektedir. Aseton ekstraktının toplam fenolik içeriği (173,49 ± 4,91 µg GAE/mg ekstrakt), su ekstraktından (98,52 ± 3,62 µg GAE/mg ekstrakt) anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, aseton ekstraktının flavonoid içeriği (72,81 ± 1,15 µg QE/mg ekstrakt), su ekstraktının flavonoid içeriğinden (27,69 ± 1,72 µg QE/mg ekstrakt) daha yüksektir. Konsantrasyona bağlı tepkiler, tüm test edilen konsantrasyonlarda (12,5–400 µg/mL) aseton ekstraktının daha yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğunu ve özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda daha keskin bir artış gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. DPPH radikal süpürme ve metal şelatlama aktiviteleri için IC50 değerleri, aseton ekstraktının üstün performansını daha da doğrulamış, DPPH süpürme için daha düşük IC50 değeri (51,56 µg/mL) ve metal şelatlama için (113,46 µg/mL) değerleri bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık, su ekstraktı için DPPH süpürme (192,44 µg/mL) ve metal şelatlama (268,95 µg/mL) değerleri daha yüksektir. Hiyerarşik kümeleme ve 3 boyutlu yüzey grafiği analizleri, her iki ekstrakt için DPPH süpürme ve metal şelatlama aktiviteleri arasında güçlü korelasyonlar göstermiştir. Aseton ekstraktı için Pearson korelasyon katsayısı r = 0,94 iken, su ekstraktı için r = 0,99 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aseton ekstraktı daha yüksek biyoaktivite sergilerken, su ekstraktı, antioksidan ve metal şelatlama özellikleri arasında daha sıkı bir ilişki ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, A. graveolens ekstraktlarının doğal antioksidanlar ve metal şelatörler olarak potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve oksidatif stresin azaltılması ve metal toksisitesinin yönetimi için umut verici uygulamalar sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Biyoaktif bileşikler, Doğal ekstraktlar, Fitokimyasallar, Polifenoller

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