Renewable Energy Resources, Biofuel Plants and Genetic Manipulations

Abstract

The energy used in every aspect of our daily life is a necessary element and can be transformed into different forms. Energy resources are divided into renewable and non-renewable. Since non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), which will run out and cause global warming, nowadays, renewable energy sources are preferred as an alternative to these sources. Renewable energy sources are used to produce continuous energy such as biomass, solar, marine, geothermal, wind energy. Today, fuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas are obtained by using biomass. These types of fuel called biofuels are produced using plants, plant wastes and algae. In this review article, renewable energy, biofuel plants, their properties and genetic interventions on these plants are included.

Keywords

• Biofuels
• biofuel crops
• genetic manipulations and renewable energy.

References

1. [1] K. Kaya and E. Koç, “Enerji Kaynakları-Yeni̇lenebi̇li̇r Enerji̇ Durumu,” Mühendis ve Makina, vol. 56, no. 668, pp. 36–47, 2015.
2. [2] S. E. Hosseini and M. A. Wahid, “Hydrogen production from renewable and sustainable energy resources: Promising green energy carrier for clean development,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 57, pp. 850–866, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.112.
3. [3] N. L. Panwar, S. C. Kaushik, and S. Kothari, “Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1513–1524, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.037.
4. [4] Ş. G. İ. İ. Zlenc, M. Acar, and M. Ş. A. H. İ. N, “Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının (Biyodizel, Biyoetanol ve Biyokütle) Projeksiyonu,” Tarım Makinaları Bilim. Derg., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 337–344, 2012.
5. [5] A. Horuz, A. Korkmaz, G. Akınoğlu Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Z. Fakültesi, and T. Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü, “Biyoyakıt Bitkileri ve Teknolojisi,” Toprak Bilim. ve Bitki Besleme Derg., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 69–81, 2015, [Online]. Available: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/208109.
6. [6] H. Brännström, H. Kumar, and R. Alén, “Current and Potential Biofuel Production from Plant Oils,” Bioenergy Res., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 592–613, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12155-018-9923-2.
7. [7] S. Soylu, “Alternatif Bir Biyoyak ı t Bitkisi Olarak Dall ı Dar ı n ı n ( Panicum virgatum L .) Türkiye ’ de Yeti ş tirme Teknikleri,” vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 257–263, 2012.
8. [8] A. Birli, K. Klad, K. Tak, P. Angiosperms, A. Organisation, and W. Machine, “Şeker pancarı,” pp. 4–5, 2016.

9. [9] A. Okuzaki et al., “CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene in Brassica napus,” Plant Physiol. Biochem., vol. 131, no. April, pp. 63–69, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.025.
10. [10] R. C. Johnson, J. W. Bergman, and C. R. Flynn, “Oil and meal characteristics of core and non-core safflower accessions from the USDA collection,” Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 611–618, 1999, doi: 10.1023/A:1008756600094.
11. [11] M. KOBUK, K. EKİNCİ, and S. ERBAŞ, “Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotiplerinin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi,” Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Derg., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 89–96, 2019, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.455408.
12. [12] J. Kiers and M. Nout, “Tempeh as a Functional Food,” Soybeans as Funct. Foods Ingredients, no. February, 2004, doi: 10.1201/9781439822203.ch12.
13. [13] J. Gressel, “Transgenics are imperative for biofuel crops,” Plant Sci., vol. 174, no. 3, pp. 246–263, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.11.009.
14. [14] H. Huang et al., “Modifications of fatty acid profile through targeted mutation at BnaFAD2 gene with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Brassica napus,” Theor. Appl. Genet., vol. 133, no. 8, pp. 2401–2411, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00122-020-03607-y.
15. [15] L. Wu and R. G. Birch, “Doubled sugar content in sugarcane plants modified to produce a sucrose isomer,” Plant Biotechnol. J., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 109–117, 2007, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00224.x.
16. [16] J. Gressel and A. Zilberstein, “Let them eat (GM) straw,” Trends Biotechnol., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 525–530, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1016/J.TIBTECH.2003.10.007.