Investigation of Common Analysis Methods for Detecting Illicit Drugs in Wastewater

Abstract

In this study, research was carried out using analytical devices used to detect illicit drugs that threaten public health. Articles on detecting illicit drugs worldwide were reviewed in the last five years. In 2022, one in 18 people, or approximately 292 million people, had used illicit drugs in the past year, and this number has increased by more than 20% considering the past decade. Approximately 30 million people used amphetamines, and 60 million people used opioids in the past year. Drug use, especially opioid use, remained the largest global burden of disease. Wastewater-based epidemiology is an innovative and promising discipline that has recently been used for individual biomonitoring and estimating the amount and type of illicit drug use in the population. Many disciplines, including analytical chemistry, physiology, biochemistry, sewage engineering, spatial epidemiology, statistics, and pharmaceutical/public health epidemiology, are used to estimate the prevalence of illicit drugs and their metabolic products in wastewater. This study aimed to review the articles on the detection of illicit drugs in wastewater, determine the most used analytical devices between 2017-2023, present a summary of the devices used for illicit drug detection, and provide a quick overview of the literature.

Keywords

• Illicit drugs
• Wastewater based epidemiology
• Analytical methods
• Analytical devices

Atık Sularda Yasa Dışı Uyuşturucu Maddelerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Yaygın Analiz Metotlarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada halk sağlığını tehdit eden yasa dışı uyuşturucu maddelerin tespitinde kullanılan analitik cihazların araştırılması yapılmıştır. Son beş yılda dünya çapında yasa dışı uyuşturucuların tespitine yönelik makaleler incelenmiştir. 2022 yılında geçen bir yıl boyunca 18 kişiden biri veya yaklaşık 292 milyon kişi yasa dışı uyuşturucu madde kullanmıştır ve bu sayı son on yıla göre % 20'den fazla artmıştır. Geçen bir yılda yaklaşık 30 milyon kişi amfetamin, 60 milyon kişi opioid kullanmıştır. Uyuşturucu madde kullanımı, özellikle de opioid kullanımı, en büyük küresel hastalık yükü olmaya devam etmektedir. Atık su epidemiyolojisi, son zamanlarda bireysel biyoizleme ve popülasyondaki yasa dışı madde kullanımının miktarını ve türünü tahmin etmek için kullanılan yenilikçi ve umut verici bir disiplindir.Analitik kimya, fizyoloji, biyokimya, atık su mühendisliği, mekansal epidemiyoloji, istatistik ve farmasötik/halk sağlığı epidemiyolojisi dahil olmak üzere farklı disiplinler atık sularda yasa dışı madde ve metabolik ürünlerinin prevelansını tahmin etmekte kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2017-2023 yılları arasında atıksularda yasa dışı uyuşturucu maddelerin tespiti ile ilgili makalelerin incelenmesi, en çok kullanılan analitik cihazların belirlenmesi, yasa dışı uyuşturucu madde tespiti için kullanılan cihazların özetinin sunulması ve literatüre hızlı bir genel bakış sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Yasa dışı uyuşturucu maddeler
• Atık su bazlı epidemiyoloji
• Analitik metotlar
• Analitik cihazlar

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