Research Article

Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab

Volume: 4 Number: 2 August 31, 2026
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Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab

Abstract

Vector calculus concepts such as vector fields, divergence, and curl are often difficult for students to understand because they involve abstract multidimensional structures and spatial interpretation processes. In traditional instructional approaches, these concepts are generally presented through symbolic notation and static visual representations, which may limit the interpretation of the dynamic behavior of three-dimensional mathematical structures. This study addresses the design, development, and expert evaluation of a Matlab-based interactive learning object for the three-dimensional examination of vector calculus concepts. The proposed system integrates symbolic computation, numerical evaluation, and three-dimensional graphical visualization within a single computational environment. Using a selected vector field example, the study examines vector direction, magnitude, divergence, curl, and parameter-dependent graphical transformations. In addition, two independent experts evaluated the developed learning object in terms of mathematical accuracy, visual clarity, usability, reproducibility, and instructional suitability. The overall expert-review mean was 4.50/5.00, and both experts evaluated the learning object as suitable in its current form. However, this study is not an effectiveness study in which learning outcomes are experimentally measured. Therefore, the impact of the proposed learning object on students' learning outcomes should be further examined through future user studies, pilot implementations, and classroom-based experimental research.

Keywords

Project Number

Not Applicable

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve learner participants, classroom intervention, or experimental measurement of learning outcomes. The expert review was conducted as professional academic evaluation of the developed system, and no personal or sensitive data are reported.

References

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  4. H. Baki, Matematik Öğretiminde Teknoloji Kullanımı, Pegem Akademi, Ankara, Türkiye, 2008.
  5. J. Schoenherr, A. R. Strohmaier, S. Schukajlow, “Learning with visualizations helps: A meta-analysis of visualization interventions in mathematics education”, Educational Research Review 45 (2024) 100639. Doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100639.
  6. J. Schoenherr, S. Schukajlow, “Characterizing external visualization in mathematics education research: A scoping review”, ZDM Mathematics Education 56:1 (2024) 73-85. Doi:10.1007/s11858-023-01494-3.
  7. L. Pinter, M. F. H. Siddiqui, “Enhancing calculus learning through interactive VR and AR technologies: A study on immersive educational tools”, Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 8:3 (2024) 19. Doi:10.3390/mti8030019.
  8. K. H. Cheong, J. S. Chen, K. Kang, D. J. Yeo, “Supporting students’ visualization of multivariable calculus partial derivatives via virtual reality”, Mathematics 11:4 (2023) 831. Doi:10.3390/math11040831.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Software Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 31, 2026

Submission Date

June 2, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 4 Number: 2

APA
Türkoğlu, A. (2026). Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 132-144. https://doi.org/10.70988/ajeas.1962639
AMA
1.Türkoğlu A. Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab. AJEAS. 2026;4(2):132-144. doi:10.70988/ajeas.1962639
Chicago
Türkoğlu, Ali. 2026. “Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab”. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4 (2): 132-44. https://doi.org/10.70988/ajeas.1962639.
EndNote
Türkoğlu A (August 1, 2026) Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4 2 132–144.
IEEE
[1]A. Türkoğlu, “Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab”, AJEAS, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 132–144, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.70988/ajeas.1962639.
ISNAD
Türkoğlu, Ali. “Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab”. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4/2 (August 1, 2026): 132-144. https://doi.org/10.70988/ajeas.1962639.
JAMA
1.Türkoğlu A. Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab. AJEAS. 2026;4:132–144.
MLA
Türkoğlu, Ali. “Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab”. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 132-44, doi:10.70988/ajeas.1962639.
Vancouver
1.Ali Türkoğlu. Development of Interactive 3D Learning Objects for Visualizing Vector Calculus Concepts in Matlab. AJEAS. 2026 Aug. 1;4(2):132-44. doi:10.70988/ajeas.1962639

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