Elektrik Dağıtım Sistemine Bağlı FV Santrallerin Şebeke Gerilimi Üzerindeki Etkisi
Year 2024,
Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 12 - 27
Hatice Aydın
,
Muciz Özcan
Abstract
Paris İklim Anlaşması ile karbon ayak izini azaltmak, sürdürülebilirliği artırmak ve enerji krizleriyle mücadele etmek amacıyla dağıtık üretime yönelik teşvikler ve talep her geçen gün artmaktadır. Ancak elektrik dağıtım sisteminin mevcut yapısı tek yönlü enerji akışı olacak şekilde tasarlandığından, dağıtık üretim sistemine bağlantı ile geleneksel şebeke tamamen farklı bir yapıya evrilmektedir. Dağıtık üretimin sisteme bağlandığı noktada şebekeye olumlu katkıları olabileceği gibi olumsuz katkılarının da olabileceği bilinmektedir. Bu makalede, FV santrallerin entegrasyonunda üretim-tüketim ilişkisinin trafo merkezi ile son kullanıcı arasındaki bara, hat ve trafolar üzerindeki gerilim üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. İki farklı üretim-tüketim durumu için MatlabSimulink ile yük akış analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve gerilim değişimleri standartlarda belirtilen sınırlar dahilinde analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, FV santrallerin doğru entegrasyonu ile şebeke geriliminin 30,89 kV' dan nominal gerilim seviyesi olan 31,5 kV' a yükseldiğini, hatalı bir entegrasyon ile ise standartların üzerinde bir artışla 32,56 kV' a yükseldiğini göstermektedir.
References
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Effect of PV Plants Connected to the Electrical Distribution System on the Mains Voltage
Year 2024,
Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 12 - 27
Hatice Aydın
,
Muciz Özcan
Abstract
With the Paris Climate Agreement, incentives and demand for distributed generation are increasing day by day to reduce the carbon footprint, increase sustainability, and fight energy crises. However, since the current structure of the EDS is designed to be a one-way energy flow, the traditional grid evolves into a completely different structure with the connection to the distributed generation system. It is known that at the point where the distributed generation is connected to the system, it can have positive contributions to the grid as well as negative contributions. In this study, the effects of the generation-consumption relationship in the integration of PV power plants on the voltage on busbars, lines and transformers between the substation and the end user are investigated. Load flow analysis is performed with MatlabSimulink for two different generation-consumption cases and voltage variations are analyzed within the limits specified in the standards. The results of the analysis show that with the correct integration of PV plants, the grid voltage increases from 30.89 kV to 31.5 kV, which is the nominal voltage level, while with incorrect integration, it increased to 32.56 kV, an increase above the standards.
Ethical Statement
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors of this article declare that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethical committee permission and/or legal-special permission.
References
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- M. H. Çintuğlu, "Alçak ve Orta Gerilim Elektrik Dağıtım Şebekelerinde Dağınık Üretim Santrallerinin Matlab/Simulink Ortamında Modellenmesi," Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, 2011.
- R. Khalaf Mohammed, "Dağıtık Üretim Tesislerinin Bulunduğu Şebekelerde Düşük Maliyetli Üretim ve Adalaşma Simülasyonu," Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Türkiye, 2016.
- A. S. Akinyemi, K. Musasa, and I. E. Davidson, "Analysis of Voltage Rise Phenomena in Electrical Power Network with High Concentration of Renewable Distributed Generations," Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 7815, May 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11765-w
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- A. Eslami, M. Negnevitsky, E. Franklin, and S. Lyden, "Review of AI Applications in Harmonic Analysis in Power Systems," *Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews*, vol. 154, p. 111897, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111897.
- A. Karadeniz and M. Balcı, "Fotovoltaik Dağıtık Üretim Birimleri (FV-DÜB): Güç Kalitesine Etkileri, Uluslararası Güç Kalitesi Standartları ve FV-DÜB Barındıran Dağıtım Sistemleri İçin Güç Kalitesi İyileştirme Yöntemleri," *Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi*, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 882–903, 2019. DOI: 10.25092/baunfbed.654556.
- Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş., "Hermetik Tip OG/AG Dağıtım Güç Transformatörleri Teknik Şartnamesi," TEDAŞ-MLZ/99-032.D, 2013. Available: https://www.tedas.gov.tr/FileUpload/MediaFolder/2f4dae98-2506-443b-8cf7-7ad30961dc5e.pdf
- Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, "Elektrik Dağıtım Sistemi Yönetmeliği," Resmî Gazete, 30 Aralık 2015, Sayı: 29577. Available: https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-159-3/yonetmelikler
- Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, "Elektrik Şebeke Yönetmeliği," Resmî Gazete, 28 Mayıs 2014, Sayı: 29013. Available: https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-6730/elektrik--sebeke-yonetmeligi
- IEEE Standards Association, "IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces," IEEE Std 1547-2018, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8332112.
- M. Davoudi, V. Cecchi, and J. R. Aguero, "Effects of Stiffness Factor on Bus Voltage Variations in the Presence of Intermittent Distributed Generation," in Proceedings of the 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Charlotte, NC, USA, 2015, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2015.7335187.
- BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V., "Generating Plants Connected to the Medium-Voltage Network: Guideline for Generating Plants’ Connection to and Parallel Operation with the Medium-Voltage Network," Jun. 2008. Available: https://erranet.org/download/generating-plants-connected-to-medium-voltage-network/
- D. Y. Wang, M. Jolly, and W.-J. Lee, "Policy and Practice of Distributed Generation Interconnection in the Con Edison Distribution System," in Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Houston, TX, USA, 2010, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2010.5615740.
- CENELEC, "Voltage Characteristics of Electricity Supplied by Public Electricity Networks," EN 50160, 2005.
- S. Fatima, V. Püvi, and M. Lehtonen, "Review on the PV Hosting Capacity in Distribution Networks," *Energies*, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 4756, Sep. 2020. DOI: 10.3390/en13184756.
- A. Mozsolics, "ERRA Case Study," Energy Regulators Regional Association, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.erranet.org
- S. Ağıralioğlu and N. Ağıralioğlu, "Türkiye’de Enerji ve Politikaları," *Takvim-i Vekayi*, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 166–198, Dec. 2020. Available: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/takvim/issue/55376/840197.
- T. Ackermann, G. Andersson, and L. Söder, "Distributed Generation: A Definition," *Electric Power Systems Research*, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 195–204, Apr. 2001. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7796(01)00101-8.