Predicting Organizational Performance from Cultural Values

Abstract

One’s culture affects not only his personal and social behaviours but also his attitude, behaviour, and performance in business life. Based on this idea, this study was designed to determine whether the cultural value orientations of teachers are related to their performance in business life. In the study, in which the quantitative research method was used, the individual cultural values scale and teachers' organizational performance scale were used as data collection tools. The research data were obtained from 291 people collected in the province of Siirt. According to the results, teachers' organizational performance differs significantly in all dimensions of the scale of individual cultural values, except for power distance. Accordingly, teachers with high uncertainty avoidance levels had significantly higher organizational performances compared to teachers with low uncertainty avoidance levels; individualist teachers had significantly higher organizational performances compared to collectivist teachers; teachers with long-term orientations had significantly higher organizational performances compared to teachers with short-term orientations, and teachers with masculine cultural values had significantly higher compared to teachers with feminine cultural values. As a result, performance is affected in a positive way if an individual's value orientations and national values are similar and overlapping.

Keywords

• Organizational Performance
• Cultural Values
• Uncertainty Avoidance
• Masculinity-femininity
• Collectivism-individualism
• İndividual

References

1. Aktaş, M. (2011). Cultural Values and Person Oragnization-Person Job Fit: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Selcuk University Institute of Social Sciences, 26(1), 13-21.
2. Aycan, Z., & Kanungo, R. N. (2000). The effects of social culture on corporate culture and human resources practices. Management, leadership and human resources practices in Turkey, Z. Aycan (Ed), 25-47, Turkish Psychological Association Publications, Ankara.
3. Bakoğlu, E. (2001). Organizational performance concept and its development. Journal of Öneri, 4(15), 39-45.
4. Balcı, A., Öztürk, I., Polatcan, M., Saylık, A., & Bil, E. (2016). Organizational socialization and its relation with organizational performance in high schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(9), 71-81.
5. Batır, F. ve Gürbüz, S. (2016). Turkey's social culture trends: What has changed after the Globe research? Proceedings of the 24th National Management and Organization Congress, 427-438, 28-31 May 2016, İstanbul.
6. Bursalıoglu, Z. (2008). New structures and behaviors in school management. PegemA Publishing.
7. Deniz, A. (2013). Relationship between power distance and organizational commitment in schools (Master's thesis). Balikesir University, Institute of Social Sciences.
8. Dalğalı, F. (2020). The relationship between the transformational leadership approaches of school principals and Hofstede's national culture dimensions, (Master's thesis). Siirt University, Institute of Social Sciences.

9. Fikret Pasa, S., Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2001). Society, organisations, and leadership in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 50(4), 559-589.
10. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step. A simple study guide and reference (10. Baskı). GEN, Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
11. Gökalp, Z. (2004). Culture and civilization. İstanbul: Toker Publishing
12. Göregenli, M. (1995). Individualism-collectivism tendencies in our culture: An initial study, Turkish Journal of Psychology, 10(35), 1-14.
13. Gül, Ö. (2019). The effect of power distance in schools on leader-member interaction (Master's thesis). Osmangazi University, Eskisehir.
14. Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad?. Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42-63.
15. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations, 2.Edition. Sage
16. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind: intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. McGraw-Hill.
17. House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Sage publications.
18. İmamoğlu, E. O. (1987). An interdependence model of human development. Ç. Kagıtçıbası (Ed.), Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology, içinde (s. 104-112). Lisse, Holland: Swets ve Zeitlinger.
19. İmamoğlu, E. O. (1998). Individualism and collectivism in a model and scale of balanced differentiation and integration. Journal of Psychology, 132 (1), 1-8.
20. Javidan, M., & House, R. J. (2001). Cultural acumen for the global manager: Lessons from project GLOBE. Organizational dynamics, 29(4), 289-305.
21. Kabasakal H. & Bodur M. (2002). Arabic cluster: a bridge between East and West. Journal of World Business, 37, 4-54.
22. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1987). Individual and group loyalties: Are they compatible?’ in Ç. Kağıtçıbaşı (ed.) Growth and Progress in Cross-Cultural Psychology, pp. 94–104. Lisse, Netherland: Swets & Zeitlinger.
23. Karasar, N. (2009). Scientific research method. Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
24. Malinowski, B. (1936). Culture as a determinant of behavior. The Scientific Monthly, 43(5), 440-449.
25. Mora, N. (2008). Media and cultural identity. International Journal of Human Sciences, 5(1), 1-14.
26. Online (2022). http://geerthofstede.com/landing-page/
27. Oyserman, D., Coon, H. ve Kemmelmeier, M. (2002), “Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses”, Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3-72.
28. Ronen S. (1986). Comparative and multinational management. New York: Wiley.
29. Sargut, A. S. (2015). Cross-cultural differentiation and management. İmge Publishing.
30. Saylık, A. (2017). The relationship between school principals' paternalistic (paternalistic) leadership behaviors and Hofstede's cultural dimensions, (PhD thesis). Ankara University, Institute of Educational Sciences.
31. Saylık, A. (2019). The adaptation of the Hofstede’s culture dimensions scale Into Turkish: A reliability and validity analysis. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 8(3), 1860-1881.
32. Schwartz, S. H. (1994) Cultural Dimensions of Values: Towards An Understanding of National Differences. California: Sage Publications.
33. Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Triandis, H. C. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 482– 493.
34. Triandis, H. C. (1982). Dimensions of cultural variation as parameters of organizational theories. International Studies of Management & Organization, 12(4), 139-169.
35. Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96: 506- 520.
36. Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1997). Riding the waves of culture, 2. Print. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing Limited.
37. Turunç, Ö. (2015). The role of person-organization fit in strategic management-organizational performance relationship. International Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 1(1), 16-30.
38. Weick, K. E. (1982). Administering education in loosely coupled schools. The Phi Delta Kappan, 63(10), 673-676.
39. Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lenartowicz, T. (2011). Measuring Hofstede's five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23(3-4), 193-210.
40. Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lenartowicz, T. (2011). Measuring Hofstede's five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23(3-4), 193-210.