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Patriotism Typologies of Main Characters in Historical Films about the Republican Period: Öğretmen Kemal Movie Example

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 89 - 110, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Patriotism is a complex, multifaceted concept that encompasses beliefs, feelings and behaviors that reflect an individual's loyalty and commitment to his/her country. Patriotism is one of the 10 core values included in history curricula as of the 2006-2007 academic year and has an active place especially in the field of history education. Films facilitate the construction of knowledge by visualizing many abstract concepts and topics of history lessons. Especially historical period films, when they are designed in accordance with the objectives of the course, are very useful in terms of presenting the conditions of the time they describe in a realistic way. One of the most important advantages of using films to depict a period of history is their ability to bring the past to life, a point that written historical narratives or textbooks often struggle to achieve. This study aims to determine the patriotism typologies of the main characters in historical films about the Republican period. For this purpose, the movie “Öğretmen Kemal (1981)” starring Cüneyt Arkın was analyzed. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling techniques, was preferred as a sampling method. Film observation forms were used as data collection techniques and descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data obtained in accordance with the nature of the study. Based on the main findings of the study, constructive patriotism findings were found intensively in the movie “Öğretmen Kemal”, which is about the Republican period. However, behavior patterns showing blind patriotism were detected in only one scene. As a result, investigating the typologies of patriotism through film in educational settings is seen as an important step. By leveraging the powerful storytelling capabilities of cinema, educators can inform students about the various behavioral patterns of patriotism and their underlying drivers. This approach can contribute to the development of a more informed and critical-thinking citizenry equipped to understand the complexity of patriotism and its role in shaping the social, political and cultural fabric of society. Thus, it is believed that various abstract and complex information can be more easily conveyed to students through period films in history lessons.

References

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  • Coleman, M. J., Harris, T. M., Bryant, K., & Reif-Stice, C. (2018). A cultural approach to patriotism. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 11(3), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2018.1454974
  • Ćufurović, M. (2018). Popular Imagination Versus Historical Reality. Public History Review, (25), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v25i0.6157
  • Erbaş, A. A. (2021). Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programındaki Değerlerin Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarına Yansımaları. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.779737
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  • Fedorova, S. N., Ivanova, D. V., & Balysheva, K. (2021). Digital technologies in civic and patriotic education of students. EDP Sciences, 273, 12054-12054. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312054
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  • Hubalek, F. (2008). The Film as a source of History. Audio-Visual Media, 3(4), 54-55. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09523986708547900
  • Huddy, L., & Khatib, N. (2007). American Patriotism, National Identity, and Political Involvement. American Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00237.x
  • Huiskamp, G. (2011). “Support the Troops!”: The Social and Political Currency of Patriotism in the United States. New Political Science, 33(3), 285-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2011.592020
  • Javanshir, R., Carroll, B., & Millard, D. E. (2020). Structural patterns for transmedia storytelling. Plos One, 15(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225910
  • Kabaklı-Çimen, L. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin vatanseverlik tutumları ile benlik kurguları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 1950-1975. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/340070
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80. https://avys.omu.edu.tr/storage/app/public/kokdener/123091/13f.pdf
  • Keen, A. G. (2018). Veni, vidi, video: Screen portrayals of the Roman Empire. Knowledge Commons, 1(1), 16-21. https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:31371/
  • Keller, S. (2005). Patriotism as Bad Faith. Ethics: An International Journal of Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy, 115(3), 563-592. https://doi.org/10.1086/428458
  • Keskin, Y. (2015). Tarih dersi öğretim programı ve ders kitaplarında değerler eğitimi. Turkish Studies, 10 (7), 659-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8234
  • Kurt, T. (2007). Öğretmenlerin demokrasi, vatandaşlık ve vatanseverlik algılarının nitel olarak incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Lees, D. (2016). Cinema and authenticity: Anxieties in the making of historical film. Journal of Media Practice, 17(2-3), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682753.2016.1248190
  • Li, Y. (2023). Narrative Transformations in the Visual Representation of the Korean War Resistance—from "Battle on Shanggailing Mountain" to "The Sacrifice". Art and Performance Letters, 4(5), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.23977/artpl.2023.040503
  • Mayne, M. H. (2017). Rebuilding the Past: Understanding the Role of Objects in Creating Authentic Experiences for Visitors to Living History Museums. Master's Thesis, University of Washington. https://digital.lib.washington.edu:443/researchworks/handle/1773/39752
  • Metzger, S. A. (2018). Sensitivity, Inquiry, and the Role of Film in History Education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 46(4), 642-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2018.1446259
  • Mishra, A. (2020). Review of histories on screen: The past present in Anglo American cinema and television. Rethinking History, 24(4), 561-564. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2020.1829876
  • Moss, P. (2020). Critical Patriotism. İçinde Handbook of Patriotism, ss. 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54484-7_23
  • Nathanson, S. (1997). Should patriotism have a future. İçinde Patriotism in the lives of individuals and nations, ss. 311–326). Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-54484-7_23
  • Nielsen, G. M., & Ferrara, M. M. (2014). Integration of Multicultural Video Strategies that Transform Entertainment into Historical Film Literacy. Multicultural Perspectives, 16(4), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2014.956606
  • Palumbo, A. (2009). Patriotism and pluralism: identification and compliance in the post-national polity. Ethics & Global Politics, 2(4), 321-348. https://doi.org/10.3402/egp.v2i4.2002
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  • Paxton, R. J., & Marcus, A. S. (2018). Film Media in History Teaching and Learning. İçinde The Wiley International Handbook of History Teaching and Learning, ss.579-601. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119100812.ch22
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  • Primoratz, I. (2008). Patriotism and Morality: Mapping the Terrain. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 5(2), 204-226. https://doi.org/10.1163/174552408x328984
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Cumhuriyet Dönemini Konu Alan Tarihi Filmlerde Ana Karakterlerin Yurtseverlik Tipolojileri: Öğretmen Kemal Film Örneği

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 89 - 110, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Yurtseverlik karmaşık, çok yönlü bir kavramdır ve bireyin ülkesine olan sadakatini ve bağlılığını yansıtan inançlarını, duygularını ve davranışlarını kapsar. Yurtseverlik, 2006-2007 eğitim öğretim yılı itibariyle tarih eğitim programlarında yer alan 10 kök değerden biridir ve özellikle tarih eğitimi alanında etkin bir yeri vardır. Filmler tarih dersinin soyut olan çoğu kavram ve konularını görselleştirerek bilgi yapılandırmayı kolaylaştırıcı etki yaratmaktadır. Özellikle tarihsel dönem filmleri, dersin amaçlarına uygun olarak kurgulandığında, anlattıkları zamanın koşullarını gerçeğe yakın bir şekilde sunabilmesi açısından oldukça faydalıdır. Tarihin bir dönemini tasvir etmek için film kullanmanın en önemli avantajlarından biri, yazılı tarihsel anlatıların veya ders kitaplarının genellikle başarmakta zorlandığı nokta olan geçmişi hayata geçirme yetenekleridir. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet dönemini konu alan tarihi filmlerdeki ana karakterlerin yurtseverlik tipolojilerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde Cüneyt Arkın’ın başrolde olduğu “Öğretmen Kemal (1981)” filmi analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak amaçlı örnekleme tekniklerinden ölçüt örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Veri toplama tekniği olarak ise film gözlem formları; elde edilen verilerin analizinde ise çalışmanın doğasına uygun olarak betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel bulgularından hareketle, Cumhuriyet dönemini konu alan “Öğretmen Kemal” filminde yoğun olarak yapıcı yurtseverlik bulgularına rastlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte sadece bir sahnede kör yurtseverliği gösteren davranış örüntüleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yurtseverlik tipolojilerinin eğitim ortamlarında film aracılığıyla araştırılması önemli bir adım olarak görülmektedir. Eğitimciler, sinemanın güçlü hikâye anlatma yeteneklerinden yararlanarak, öğrencileri yurtseverliğin çeşitli davranış örüntüleri, bunların altında yatan itici güçler hakkında bilgilendirebilir. Bu yaklaşım, yurtseverliğin karmaşıklığı ve toplumun sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel dokusunu şekillendirmedeki rolü konusunda donanımlı, daha bilgili ve eleştirel düşünen bir vatandaşlığın gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Buradan hareketle tarih derslerinde dönem filmleri aracılığıyla çeşitli soyut ve karmaşık bilgiler öğrencilere daha kolay bir şekilde verilebiliceği düşünülmektedir

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada tüm bilimsel etik ilkelere uyulduğu beyan edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Çalışma herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluş tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Thanks

Editör ve hakemlere şimdiden teşekkür ederiz. Turnitin programından aldığımız benzerlik raporunu da yükledik. Kolaylıklar dileriz.

References

  • Akcan, E. & Doğan, A. (2020). A Review of Educational Philosophy From Different Perspectives Through an Analysis of Period Movies During the Era of the War of Independence and the Early Republic of Turkey (1920-1940). International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5). 199-215. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.12
  • Akcan, E. & Polat, S. (2016). The image of teacher in Turkish movies with the theme of education: A historical look to teacher image. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 22(3), 293–320. https://doi.org/10.17762/kuey.v22i3.123
  • Bozbek, M. ve Ercan, R. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin yurtseverlik tutumları. Turkish Studies, 15(5), 2209-2228. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43839
  • Butler, A. C., Zaromb, F. M., Lyle, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (2009). Using Popular Films to Enhance Classroom Learning. Psychological Science, 20(9), 1161-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02410.x Castano, E. (2021). Art films foster theory of mind. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00793-y
  • Coleman, M. J., Harris, T. M., Bryant, K., & Reif-Stice, C. (2018). A cultural approach to patriotism. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 11(3), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2018.1454974
  • Ćufurović, M. (2018). Popular Imagination Versus Historical Reality. Public History Review, (25), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v25i0.6157
  • Erbaş, A. A. (2021). Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programındaki Değerlerin Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarına Yansımaları. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.779737
  • Erbaş, A. A., & Başkurt, İ. (2021). Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programındaki Değerlerin Hayat Bilgisi Ders Kitaplarına Yansıma Durumu. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 785-813. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.841337
  • Faiz, M., ve Karasu Avcı, E. (2020). The patriotic attitudes of the prospective teachers. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 124-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.012
  • Fedorova, S. N., Ivanova, D. V., & Balysheva, K. (2021). Digital technologies in civic and patriotic education of students. EDP Sciences, 273, 12054-12054. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312054
  • Finell, E., & Zogmaister, C. (2015). Blind and constructive patriotism, national symbols and outgroup attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12193
  • Forney, D. S. (2004). Introduction to entertainment media use. New Directions for Student Services, (108), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.137
  • Gilbert, M., & Garcia, I. (2020). On Patriotism. İçinde Handbook of Patriotism, ss. 271-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54484-7_51
  • Hubalek, F. (2008). The Film as a source of History. Audio-Visual Media, 3(4), 54-55. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09523986708547900
  • Huddy, L., & Khatib, N. (2007). American Patriotism, National Identity, and Political Involvement. American Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00237.x
  • Huiskamp, G. (2011). “Support the Troops!”: The Social and Political Currency of Patriotism in the United States. New Political Science, 33(3), 285-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2011.592020
  • Javanshir, R., Carroll, B., & Millard, D. E. (2020). Structural patterns for transmedia storytelling. Plos One, 15(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225910
  • Kabaklı-Çimen, L. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin vatanseverlik tutumları ile benlik kurguları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 1950-1975. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/340070
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80. https://avys.omu.edu.tr/storage/app/public/kokdener/123091/13f.pdf
  • Keen, A. G. (2018). Veni, vidi, video: Screen portrayals of the Roman Empire. Knowledge Commons, 1(1), 16-21. https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:31371/
  • Keller, S. (2005). Patriotism as Bad Faith. Ethics: An International Journal of Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy, 115(3), 563-592. https://doi.org/10.1086/428458
  • Keskin, Y. (2015). Tarih dersi öğretim programı ve ders kitaplarında değerler eğitimi. Turkish Studies, 10 (7), 659-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8234
  • Kurt, T. (2007). Öğretmenlerin demokrasi, vatandaşlık ve vatanseverlik algılarının nitel olarak incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Lees, D. (2016). Cinema and authenticity: Anxieties in the making of historical film. Journal of Media Practice, 17(2-3), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682753.2016.1248190
  • Li, Y. (2023). Narrative Transformations in the Visual Representation of the Korean War Resistance—from "Battle on Shanggailing Mountain" to "The Sacrifice". Art and Performance Letters, 4(5), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.23977/artpl.2023.040503
  • Mayne, M. H. (2017). Rebuilding the Past: Understanding the Role of Objects in Creating Authentic Experiences for Visitors to Living History Museums. Master's Thesis, University of Washington. https://digital.lib.washington.edu:443/researchworks/handle/1773/39752
  • Metzger, S. A. (2018). Sensitivity, Inquiry, and the Role of Film in History Education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 46(4), 642-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2018.1446259
  • Mishra, A. (2020). Review of histories on screen: The past present in Anglo American cinema and television. Rethinking History, 24(4), 561-564. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2020.1829876
  • Moss, P. (2020). Critical Patriotism. İçinde Handbook of Patriotism, ss. 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54484-7_23
  • Nathanson, S. (1997). Should patriotism have a future. İçinde Patriotism in the lives of individuals and nations, ss. 311–326). Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-54484-7_23
  • Nielsen, G. M., & Ferrara, M. M. (2014). Integration of Multicultural Video Strategies that Transform Entertainment into Historical Film Literacy. Multicultural Perspectives, 16(4), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2014.956606
  • Palumbo, A. (2009). Patriotism and pluralism: identification and compliance in the post-national polity. Ethics & Global Politics, 2(4), 321-348. https://doi.org/10.3402/egp.v2i4.2002
  • Parker, C. S. (2009). Symbolic versus Blind Patriotism. Political Research Quarterly, 63(1), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912908327228
  • Paxton, R. J., & Marcus, A. S. (2018). Film Media in History Teaching and Learning. İçinde The Wiley International Handbook of History Teaching and Learning, ss.579-601. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119100812.ch22
  • Peters, W. H. (2020). Film in History Education: A Review of the Literature. The Social Studies, 111(6), 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2020.1757598
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Values ​​education, History Education
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Leyla Akcan 0000-0003-2560-6634

Togay Seçkin Birbudak 0000-0001-6750-1334

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date August 27, 2024
Acceptance Date September 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akcan, L., & Birbudak, T. S. (2024). Cumhuriyet Dönemini Konu Alan Tarihi Filmlerde Ana Karakterlerin Yurtseverlik Tipolojileri: Öğretmen Kemal Film Örneği. Anadolu Eğitim Liderliği Ve Öğretim Dergisi, 12(2), 89-110.