BCG Vaccine and New Tuberculosis Vaccines Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A review

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 141 - 153, 31.05.2020

Özgül Kısa

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) causes tuberculosis (TB) which is a serious infectious disease.
Bacteria are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via sneezing and coughing.
Despite global efforts to control TB, the disease is the second most common cause of death after Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Currently, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used to prevent tuberculous meningitis
and miliary disease, particularly in young children, but its protective efficacy is variable in adults. Therefore, there is
an urgent need for the development of alternative TB vaccines. Recently, new TB vaccine development efforts have
been advanced in different clinical studies. Most of these vaccines are live-attenuated or recombinant mycobacterium,
live viral vector-based, and protein/adjuvant vaccines. This review explains the recapitulation of the current status of
new TB vaccines updated with scientific literature references.

Keywords

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, new vaccines, clinical studies, BCG, review

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