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Effects of Leadership Types on Job Satisfaction Among Malaysian Higher Education Institutions

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 54 - 70, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1020324

Abstract

Employee job satisfaction is an important component of any job and could be influenced by different types of leadership. Keeping employees happy and satisfied while at the same time being a great leader is an extremely difficult balance, especially in educational leadership, where there are two different types of employees, mainly administrators, and educators. It requires a leader who can balance between the lines and choose the proper leadership style to motivate different types of employees. This study looks at three different leadership types: laissez-faire, transformational and transactional leadership. A purposeful sampling of 393 participants was utilized to sample educators from Malaysia's private and governmental education institutions. Data were collected using questionnaires. The findings indicated that transformational leadership and laissez-faire have a significant relationship to job satisfaction where laissez-faire (β = 0.608, t = 16.576, p = 0.000) and transformational leadership (β = 0.865, t = 8.498; p = 0.000), while transactional leadership has an insignificant relationship with job satisfaction (β = -0.019, t = 0.747, p = 0.227).

References

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  • Albagawi, B. (2019). Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers and Job Satisfaction of Staff Nurses: Correlational Design Study. European Scientific Journal ESJ, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n3p254
  • Arokiasamy, L., Maimunah, I., Aminah, A., & Jamilah, O. (2009). Background of Malaysian Private Institutions of Higher Learning and Challenges Faced by Academics. The Journal of International Social Research, 2/8(January), 61–66.
  • Asbari, M., Santoso, P. B., & Prasetya, A. B. (2020). Elitical and Antidemocratic Transformational Leadership Critics: Is It Still Relevant? (A Literature Study). International Journal of Sociology, Policy and Law (Ijospl), 01(01), 11–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.8888/ijospl.v1i1.10
  • Asghar, S., & Oino, I. (2018). Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction. Market Force, 13(1).
  • Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LEAQUA.2005.03.001
  • Aziri, B. (2011). Job Satisfaction: A literature Review. Management Research and Practice, 31(4), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.31.1037
  • Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & Iverson, R. D. (2003). High-quality work, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.276
  • Barnett, D. (2017). Leadership and Job Satisfaction: Adjunct Faculty at a For-Profit University. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 4(3), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.17220/IJPES.2017.03.006
  • Barnett, D. (2018). Online adjunct faculty: A quantitative examination of the predictive relationship between leadership and job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 4(1), 226–236. https://doi.org/10.21890/ijres.383159
  • Baş, T. (2002). A comparison of job satisfaction between public and private university academicians in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 29(2), 27–46.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2005). Transformational leadership: Second edition. Transformational Leadership: Second Edition, 1–282. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095
  • Bateh, J., & Heyliger, W. (2014). Academic Administrator Leadership Styles and the Impact on Faculty Job Satisfaction. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(3), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.12806/v13/i3/r3
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  • Budiasih, Y., Hartanto, C. F. B., Ha, T. M., Nguyen, P. T., & Usanti, T. P. (2020). The mediating impact of perceived organisational politics on the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11), 478–495.
  • Cabrera-Nguyen, P. (2010). Author Guidelines for Reporting Scale Development and Validation Results in the Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 1(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.5243/JSSWR.2010.8
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  • Dartey-Baah, K., & Ampofo, E. (2016). “Carrot and stick” leadership style. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 7(3), 328–345. doi:10.1108/ajems-04-2014-0029
  • Davidescu, A. A. M., Apostu, S. A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among romanian employees-Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
  • Day, D. V. (2000). Leadership development: A review in context. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 581–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00061-8
  • Derue, D. S., Nahgrang, J. D., Wellman, N., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait And Behavioral Theories Of Leadership: An Integration And Meta-Analytic Test Of Their Relative Validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 7–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1744-6570.2010.01201.X
  • Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative Versus Reflective Indicators in Organizational Measure Development: A Comparison and Empirical Illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8551.2006.00500.X
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
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Effects of Leadership Types on Job Satisfaction Among Malaysian Higher Education Institutions

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 54 - 70, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1020324

Abstract

Employee job satisfaction is an important component of any job and could be influenced by different types of leadership. Keeping employees happy and satisfied while at the same time being a great leader is an extremely difficult balance, especially in educational leadership, where there are two different types of employees, mainly administrators, and educators. It requires a leader who can balance between the lines and choose the proper leadership style to motivate different types of employees. This study looks at three different leadership types: laissez-faire, transformational and transactional leadership. A purposeful sampling of 393 participants was utilized to sample educators from Malaysia's private and governmental education institutions. Data were collected using questionnaires. The findings indicated that transformational leadership and laissez-faire have a significant relationship to job satisfaction where laissez-faire (β = 0.608, t = 16.576, p = 0.000) and transformational leadership (β = 0.865, t = 8.498; p = 0.000), while transactional leadership has an insignificant relationship with job satisfaction (β = -0.019, t = 0.747, p = 0.227).

References

  • Abrahman, Z., Awang, J., Mahmood, R., Long, A. S., Salleh, K., & Badaruddin, F. (2018). Leadership Style of the Residential College Principal in National University of Malaysia and the Staff Working Satisfaction: Towards the Professional Development of Residential College Principal. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 9(3), 164–168. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v9n3p19
  • Albagawi, B. (2019). Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers and Job Satisfaction of Staff Nurses: Correlational Design Study. European Scientific Journal ESJ, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n3p254
  • Arokiasamy, L., Maimunah, I., Aminah, A., & Jamilah, O. (2009). Background of Malaysian Private Institutions of Higher Learning and Challenges Faced by Academics. The Journal of International Social Research, 2/8(January), 61–66.
  • Asbari, M., Santoso, P. B., & Prasetya, A. B. (2020). Elitical and Antidemocratic Transformational Leadership Critics: Is It Still Relevant? (A Literature Study). International Journal of Sociology, Policy and Law (Ijospl), 01(01), 11–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.8888/ijospl.v1i1.10
  • Asghar, S., & Oino, I. (2018). Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction. Market Force, 13(1).
  • Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LEAQUA.2005.03.001
  • Aziri, B. (2011). Job Satisfaction: A literature Review. Management Research and Practice, 31(4), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.31.1037
  • Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & Iverson, R. D. (2003). High-quality work, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.276
  • Barnett, D. (2017). Leadership and Job Satisfaction: Adjunct Faculty at a For-Profit University. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 4(3), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.17220/IJPES.2017.03.006
  • Barnett, D. (2018). Online adjunct faculty: A quantitative examination of the predictive relationship between leadership and job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 4(1), 226–236. https://doi.org/10.21890/ijres.383159
  • Baş, T. (2002). A comparison of job satisfaction between public and private university academicians in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 29(2), 27–46.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2005). Transformational leadership: Second edition. Transformational Leadership: Second Edition, 1–282. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095
  • Bateh, J., & Heyliger, W. (2014). Academic Administrator Leadership Styles and the Impact on Faculty Job Satisfaction. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(3), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.12806/v13/i3/r3
  • Bhattarai, M. (2020, July). Working from Home and Job Satisfaction During the Pandemic Times. Independent Publication.
  • Boyatzis, R. E., Rochford, K., & Taylor, S. N. (2015). The role of the positive emotional attractor in vision and shared vision: toward effective leadership, relationships, and engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 0, 670. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2015.00670
  • Budiasih, Y., Hartanto, C. F. B., Ha, T. M., Nguyen, P. T., & Usanti, T. P. (2020). The mediating impact of perceived organisational politics on the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11), 478–495.
  • Cabrera-Nguyen, P. (2010). Author Guidelines for Reporting Scale Development and Validation Results in the Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 1(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.5243/JSSWR.2010.8
  • Chen, Y., Ning, R., Yang, T., Feng, S., & Yang, C. (2018). Is transformational leadership always good for employee task performance? Examining curvilinear and moderated relationships. Frontiers of Business Research in China 2018 12:1, 12(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1186/S11782-018-0044-8
  • Da, W. C. (2007). Public And Private Higher Education Institutions In Malaysia: Competing, Complementary Or Crossbreeds As Education Providers. Kajian Malaysia, XXV(1), 15–39.
  • Dartey-Baah, K., & Ampofo, E. (2016). “Carrot and stick” leadership style. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 7(3), 328–345. doi:10.1108/ajems-04-2014-0029
  • Davidescu, A. A. M., Apostu, S. A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among romanian employees-Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
  • Day, D. V. (2000). Leadership development: A review in context. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 581–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00061-8
  • Derue, D. S., Nahgrang, J. D., Wellman, N., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait And Behavioral Theories Of Leadership: An Integration And Meta-Analytic Test Of Their Relative Validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 7–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1744-6570.2010.01201.X
  • Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative Versus Reflective Indicators in Organizational Measure Development: A Comparison and Empirical Illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8551.2006.00500.X
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Rosnizah Shaarı This is me

Diyana Kamarudin 0000-0003-4987-9768

Ju Soon Yew This is me

Haziman Zakaria

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Shaarı, R., Kamarudin, D., Soon Yew, J., Zakaria, H. (2022). Effects of Leadership Types on Job Satisfaction Among Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. Asian Journal of Instruction (E-AJI), 10(1), 54-70. https://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1020324

ASIAN JOURNAL OF INSTRUCTION

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