Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma

Year 2006, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 269 - 278, 01.12.2006

Abstract

Vitex madiensis Oliv. tıbbi ve beslenme amaçlı kullanılan önemli bir çalı türüdür. Bu çalışmada, Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde doğal olarak yetişen bu türün fenolojisi incelenmiş ve köklenme yeteneği üzerine ana bitki boyu, dal çapı ve pozisyonunun etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitkilerin fenolojik özellikleri 1997 ve 2002 yılları arasında Sudano-Guinean Savannah’da incelenmiştir. Genç, yapraklı ve tek boğumlu çelikler, başlangıçtaki boyları toprak seviyesinden 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 cm yükseklikte olan ana bitkilerin yeni sürgünlerinden alınmış ve çoklu çoğaltma kaplarında köklendirilmişlerdir. Daldırma ile çoğaltmada, çapları 6,67 cm’den küçük ve büyük dalların odunsu, yarı odunsu ve odunlaşmamış bölümlerinde hava daldırması yapılmıştır. Bölgede V. madiensis’in meyve vermesi mart ve ağustos ayları arasında gerçekleşmekte ve tohumlar dormant durumda olmaktadır. Başlangıçtaki ana bitki boyu çeliklerin köklenme potansiyelini önemli düzeyde etkilemiş ve en yüksek köklenme oranı (%45.83) başlangıçta boyu 0 cm olan ana bitkilerden elde edilen çeliklerde saptanmıştır. Bu başlangıç ana bitki boyu, ayrıca çelik başına düşen kök sayısını (8.72) ve kök uzunluğunu (12.73 cm) da olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Hava daldırmasında, dalların çapı ile daldırmanın yapıldığı noktalarda odun dokusunun olgunluk durumu köklenme oranlarını önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir. En yüksek köklenme oranı %100 ile çapı 6,67 cm’den büyük dalların yarı odunsu bölümlerinde yapılan hava daldırmasından elde edilmiştir. En düşük ortalama köklenme oranı yumuşak odunsu dokularda yapılan hava daldırmalarında ortaya çıkmış, bu oran odunsu noktalarda %40 ve yarı odunsu noktalarda ise ortalama %80 olarak saptanmıştır. Dal çapı açısından en yüksek hava daldırması köklenme oranı ortalama %46,7 ile çapı 6,67 cm’den büyük dallarda belirlenmiş, bu oran çapı 6.67cm’den küçük dallarda %20,0’ye düşmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda V. madiensis’in çelikle ve hava daldırması ile vegetatif olarak çoğaltmaya uygun olduğu saptanmıştır

References

  • Baumer, M., 1995. Arbres, arbustes et arbrisseaux nourriciers en Afrique Occidentale, Enda- Editions, Dakar. p.167.
  • Grouzis, M., 1991. Phénologie de deux espèces ligneuses sahéliennes: aspects méthodologiques et influence des facteurs du milieu physiologique des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi- arides. Groupe d’Etude de l’Arbre. Paris , France. pp.145-153.
  • Hutchison, J. and Dalziel, J. M., 1963. Flora of West Africa, 2 (2) : 445-447.
  • Kengue, J., Tchio, F. and Ducelier, D., 1998. Le marcottage aérien : une technique pour la multiplication végétative du safoutier. In Kapseu C. et Kayem G. J. (éd.). Deuxième Séminaire International sur la valorisation du Safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels. Ngaoundéré, Cameroun. pp.123-135.
  • Kerharo, J. and Adam, J.G., 1974. La Pharmacopée Sénégalaise traditionnelle: plantes médicinales et toxiques. Vigot Frères Paris. pp.10-11.
  • Kubo, L., Matsumoto, A. and Ayafor, J. F., 1984. Efficient isolation of a large amount of 20- hydroxyecdysone from Vitex madiensis (Verbenaceae). Agric. Biol. Chem., 48(6):1683- 1684.
  • Leakey, R.R.B.,1989. Vegetative propagation methods for tropical trees: rooting leafy softwood cuttings. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. Bush Estate, Scotland. Uk. 20p.
  • Leakey, R.R.B., 1983. Stockplant factors affecting root initiation in cuttings of Triplochyton scleroxylon K. Schum., an indigenous hardwood of West Africa. Journal of Horticultural Science, 58 (2) :277-290.
  • Maghembe, J.A., Kwesiga, F., Ngulu, M., Prins, H., Malaya, F.M., 1992. Domestication potential of indigenous fruit trees of the Miombo woodlands of South Africa. In Leakey R.R.B. Andewton A. (eds.).Tropical trees: the potential for domestication and rebuilding of forest resource. Proceeding, Conference. Edinburgh, ITE, London, HMSO. pp. 220-229.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 1995. Multipurpose tree species of the northern Cameroon: Ethnobotanical survey of their use in the farming systems. Research Report. University of Ngaoundere. 30p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 2001. Evaluation et aménagement des jardins de case agroforestiers de l’Adamaoua. Grand Programme de Recherche Universitaire. GPRU/VRC-UN. Rapport Annuel de Recherche. Nº 3. Ngaoundéré, Cameroun. 25p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 2005a. Phénologie et apports au sol des substances biogènes par la litière des fruitiers sauvages dans les savanes soudano- guinéennes. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat. Université de Yaoundé I. 268p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 2005b. Analyse des jardins de case dans les savanes soudano-guinéennes du Cameroun: stratégies de domestication des essences d’intérêt socio-économique. Rapport semestriel de recherche. IFS/D3378-1, 1(4) : 42p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M., Motalindja, M. H. and Nyomo, 1998a. Eyes on the enemies: identifying parasite plants of wild fruit trees in Cameroon. Agroforestry Today, 10 (3): 10-11.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M., Nkongmeneck, B.A. and Duguma, B., 1999. Domestication of Ricinodendron heudelotii in the humid lowlands forest of Cameroon. Ghana Journal of Sciences, 39: 3-8.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., Ngassoum, M. B., Yonkeu, S., Lamaty,G. and Menut, C., 2004. Domestication of Vitex madiensis Oliv.: essentiel oil chemical composition and vegetative propagation by cuttings. III ème Sympo. Inter. Plantes aromatiques et médicinales. Brazil.10 p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., Tchiégang–Megueni, C., Nkongmeneck, B. A., Kapseu, C. and Kayem J.G., 1997. Agroforestry potentials of the indigenous agroforestry tree species in the northern Cameroon. Cam. Journ. Biol. Bioch. Sci. 7(1):21-25.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M. and Nsimi Nva, A., 2001. Effect des facteurs exogènes sur les potentialités rhizogènes de Vitex madiensis. In Mbofung, C. M. & Etoa, F.X. (ed.). Biosciences Proceed. Limbe, 00 : 00- 00.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M, Nkongmeneck, B. A. and Duguma, B., 2002. Patterns of flowering in some indigenous tree species in the humid lowlands of Cameroon. Ghana Journal Sciences, 42:19-27.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., Loura Benghella, B., Nkongmeneck, B. A., Ngassoum, M.B., Gubbuk Hamide, Baye-Niwah, C. and Longmou, J., 2005. Litterfall, decomposition and nutrients release in Vitex doniana sweet and Vitex madiensis Oliv. in the sudano-guinean savannah. Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Facultesi Dergisi 18 (1) :63-75.
  • Ngassoum, M.B,. Mapongmetsem, P.M et Yonkeu, S., 2004. Les Plantes médicinales et leurs applications chez les Foulbes et les Gbaya de l4adamaoua Cameroun. Colloque CAMES sur la Pharmacopée et médecine Traditionnelle Africaines. Yaoundé 06 au 11 décembre 2004. 12p.
  • Poupon, H., 1980. Structure et dynamique de la strate ligneuse d’une steppe sahélienne au nord du Sénégal. ORSTOM. Paris, France. pp.129-153.
  • Tchiégang-Megueni, C., Mapongmetsem, P.M., Akagou Zedong, H. C. and Kapseu, C., 2001. An ethnobotanical study of indigenous fruit trees in northern Cameroon. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods. 11: 149-210.
  • Tchuenguem, Fohouo F.N., Mapongmetsem, P.M., Hentchoya, H.J., et Messi J., 1998. Exploitation des fleurs de quelques plantes ligneuses spontanées par Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) dans l’Adamaoua (Cameroun). In Mbofung, C. M. & Etoa, F. X. (éd.). Biosciences Proceed. 5:182-185.
  • Tchio F. et Kengue J., 1998. Influence de la periode de marcottage sur l’enracinement chez le safoutier (Dacryodes edulis H.J. Lam) à Njombé (Cameroun).In Kapseu C. et Kayem G.J. (éd.). Deuxième Séminaire International sur la valorisation du Safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels. Ngaoundéré, Cameroun. pp.137-146.
  • Tchoundjeu Z., Weber, J. and Luigui, G., 1997a. Prosopis africana in the sahel: the last stand. AF. Today 9(2):18-19.
  • Tchoundjeu, Z., Joris, de Wolf & Hannah Jaenicke, 1997a. Vegetative propagation for domestication of agroforestry trees. AF. Today 9(2):10-12.
  • Tchoundjeu, Z., Duguma, B., Tientcheu, M.L. et Go- Mpeck, M. L., 1998. La domestication des arbres indigènes agroforestiers : la stratégie du CIRAF dans les régions tropicales humides d’Afrique Centrale et d’Afrique de l’Ouest. In Terry Sunderland, C.H., Clark, L.E. et Vantomme, P. (éd.). Les produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique centrales : recherches actuelles et perspectives pour la conservation et le développement. Jardin Botanique de Limbé, Cameroun. pp. 171-180.
  • Yonkeu, S., 1993. Végétation des pâturage de l’Adamaoua (Cameroun) potentialités pastorales. Thèse de Doctorat Unique. Univ. Rennes I, France. 207p.

DOMESTICATION OF Vitex madiensis IN THE ADAMAWA HIGHLANDS OF CAMEROON: PHENOLOGY AND PROPAGATION

Year 2006, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 269 - 278, 01.12.2006

Abstract

Vitex madiensis Oliv. is an agroforestry shrub valorized for food and medicinal purposes. This study was carried out to investigate its phenology and determine the effects of the stock plant height, branch size and position on rooting potential of V. madiensis native to the Adamawa highlands of Cameroon. The phenology of the species was monitored from 1997 to 2002 in the Sudano-Guinean Savannah. The leafy juvenile cuttings with single nod were collected from new branches of stock plants at 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 cm heights at the beginning and propagated in polypropagators. In aerial layering, marcots were organized on three types of woods (mature, semi-mature and soft wood) on the branches and two branch diameters (higher and lower than 6.67 cm) were considered. In the region, fruiting period in V. madiensis varies from March to August and the seeds are dormant. The rooting potential of cutting was significantly influenced by the stock plant height and this effect was consistent at 0 cm height with 45.83 % of the rooted cuttings. This stock plant height also significantly enhanced the number of roots per cutting (8.72) and improved their length (12.73 cm). Type of wood and branch diameter significantly affected rooting in aerial layering and the highest rooting percentage (100%) were recorded for the marcots made on medium wood parts of branches which had larger diameter than 6.67 cm. With respect to wood types, the mean rooting percentage of the marcots varied from 40% (hard wood) to 80% (middle wood). For the branch diameter, mean marcot rooting percentage increased from 20% to 46.7% with increasing branch diameters. These results indicate that V. madiensis is suitable to vegetative propagation by cutting and aerial layering.

References

  • Baumer, M., 1995. Arbres, arbustes et arbrisseaux nourriciers en Afrique Occidentale, Enda- Editions, Dakar. p.167.
  • Grouzis, M., 1991. Phénologie de deux espèces ligneuses sahéliennes: aspects méthodologiques et influence des facteurs du milieu physiologique des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi- arides. Groupe d’Etude de l’Arbre. Paris , France. pp.145-153.
  • Hutchison, J. and Dalziel, J. M., 1963. Flora of West Africa, 2 (2) : 445-447.
  • Kengue, J., Tchio, F. and Ducelier, D., 1998. Le marcottage aérien : une technique pour la multiplication végétative du safoutier. In Kapseu C. et Kayem G. J. (éd.). Deuxième Séminaire International sur la valorisation du Safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels. Ngaoundéré, Cameroun. pp.123-135.
  • Kerharo, J. and Adam, J.G., 1974. La Pharmacopée Sénégalaise traditionnelle: plantes médicinales et toxiques. Vigot Frères Paris. pp.10-11.
  • Kubo, L., Matsumoto, A. and Ayafor, J. F., 1984. Efficient isolation of a large amount of 20- hydroxyecdysone from Vitex madiensis (Verbenaceae). Agric. Biol. Chem., 48(6):1683- 1684.
  • Leakey, R.R.B.,1989. Vegetative propagation methods for tropical trees: rooting leafy softwood cuttings. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. Bush Estate, Scotland. Uk. 20p.
  • Leakey, R.R.B., 1983. Stockplant factors affecting root initiation in cuttings of Triplochyton scleroxylon K. Schum., an indigenous hardwood of West Africa. Journal of Horticultural Science, 58 (2) :277-290.
  • Maghembe, J.A., Kwesiga, F., Ngulu, M., Prins, H., Malaya, F.M., 1992. Domestication potential of indigenous fruit trees of the Miombo woodlands of South Africa. In Leakey R.R.B. Andewton A. (eds.).Tropical trees: the potential for domestication and rebuilding of forest resource. Proceeding, Conference. Edinburgh, ITE, London, HMSO. pp. 220-229.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 1995. Multipurpose tree species of the northern Cameroon: Ethnobotanical survey of their use in the farming systems. Research Report. University of Ngaoundere. 30p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 2001. Evaluation et aménagement des jardins de case agroforestiers de l’Adamaoua. Grand Programme de Recherche Universitaire. GPRU/VRC-UN. Rapport Annuel de Recherche. Nº 3. Ngaoundéré, Cameroun. 25p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 2005a. Phénologie et apports au sol des substances biogènes par la litière des fruitiers sauvages dans les savanes soudano- guinéennes. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat. Université de Yaoundé I. 268p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., 2005b. Analyse des jardins de case dans les savanes soudano-guinéennes du Cameroun: stratégies de domestication des essences d’intérêt socio-économique. Rapport semestriel de recherche. IFS/D3378-1, 1(4) : 42p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M., Motalindja, M. H. and Nyomo, 1998a. Eyes on the enemies: identifying parasite plants of wild fruit trees in Cameroon. Agroforestry Today, 10 (3): 10-11.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M., Nkongmeneck, B.A. and Duguma, B., 1999. Domestication of Ricinodendron heudelotii in the humid lowlands forest of Cameroon. Ghana Journal of Sciences, 39: 3-8.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., Ngassoum, M. B., Yonkeu, S., Lamaty,G. and Menut, C., 2004. Domestication of Vitex madiensis Oliv.: essentiel oil chemical composition and vegetative propagation by cuttings. III ème Sympo. Inter. Plantes aromatiques et médicinales. Brazil.10 p.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., Tchiégang–Megueni, C., Nkongmeneck, B. A., Kapseu, C. and Kayem J.G., 1997. Agroforestry potentials of the indigenous agroforestry tree species in the northern Cameroon. Cam. Journ. Biol. Bioch. Sci. 7(1):21-25.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M. and Nsimi Nva, A., 2001. Effect des facteurs exogènes sur les potentialités rhizogènes de Vitex madiensis. In Mbofung, C. M. & Etoa, F.X. (ed.). Biosciences Proceed. Limbe, 00 : 00- 00.
  • Mapongmetsem, P. M, Nkongmeneck, B. A. and Duguma, B., 2002. Patterns of flowering in some indigenous tree species in the humid lowlands of Cameroon. Ghana Journal Sciences, 42:19-27.
  • Mapongmetsem, P.M., Loura Benghella, B., Nkongmeneck, B. A., Ngassoum, M.B., Gubbuk Hamide, Baye-Niwah, C. and Longmou, J., 2005. Litterfall, decomposition and nutrients release in Vitex doniana sweet and Vitex madiensis Oliv. in the sudano-guinean savannah. Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Facultesi Dergisi 18 (1) :63-75.
  • Ngassoum, M.B,. Mapongmetsem, P.M et Yonkeu, S., 2004. Les Plantes médicinales et leurs applications chez les Foulbes et les Gbaya de l4adamaoua Cameroun. Colloque CAMES sur la Pharmacopée et médecine Traditionnelle Africaines. Yaoundé 06 au 11 décembre 2004. 12p.
  • Poupon, H., 1980. Structure et dynamique de la strate ligneuse d’une steppe sahélienne au nord du Sénégal. ORSTOM. Paris, France. pp.129-153.
  • Tchiégang-Megueni, C., Mapongmetsem, P.M., Akagou Zedong, H. C. and Kapseu, C., 2001. An ethnobotanical study of indigenous fruit trees in northern Cameroon. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods. 11: 149-210.
  • Tchuenguem, Fohouo F.N., Mapongmetsem, P.M., Hentchoya, H.J., et Messi J., 1998. Exploitation des fleurs de quelques plantes ligneuses spontanées par Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) dans l’Adamaoua (Cameroun). In Mbofung, C. M. & Etoa, F. X. (éd.). Biosciences Proceed. 5:182-185.
  • Tchio F. et Kengue J., 1998. Influence de la periode de marcottage sur l’enracinement chez le safoutier (Dacryodes edulis H.J. Lam) à Njombé (Cameroun).In Kapseu C. et Kayem G.J. (éd.). Deuxième Séminaire International sur la valorisation du Safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels. Ngaoundéré, Cameroun. pp.137-146.
  • Tchoundjeu Z., Weber, J. and Luigui, G., 1997a. Prosopis africana in the sahel: the last stand. AF. Today 9(2):18-19.
  • Tchoundjeu, Z., Joris, de Wolf & Hannah Jaenicke, 1997a. Vegetative propagation for domestication of agroforestry trees. AF. Today 9(2):10-12.
  • Tchoundjeu, Z., Duguma, B., Tientcheu, M.L. et Go- Mpeck, M. L., 1998. La domestication des arbres indigènes agroforestiers : la stratégie du CIRAF dans les régions tropicales humides d’Afrique Centrale et d’Afrique de l’Ouest. In Terry Sunderland, C.H., Clark, L.E. et Vantomme, P. (éd.). Les produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique centrales : recherches actuelles et perspectives pour la conservation et le développement. Jardin Botanique de Limbé, Cameroun. pp. 171-180.
  • Yonkeu, S., 1993. Végétation des pâturage de l’Adamaoua (Cameroun) potentialités pastorales. Thèse de Doctorat Unique. Univ. Rennes I, France. 207p.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

P. M. Mapongmetsem This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mapongmetsem, P. M. (2006). Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 19(2), 269-278.
AMA Mapongmetsem PM. Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. December 2006;19(2):269-278.
Chicago Mapongmetsem, P. M. “Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji Ve Çoğaltma”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 19, no. 2 (December 2006): 269-78.
EndNote Mapongmetsem PM (December 1, 2006) Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 19 2 269–278.
IEEE P. M. Mapongmetsem, “Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 269–278, 2006.
ISNAD Mapongmetsem, P. M. “Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji Ve Çoğaltma”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 19/2 (December 2006), 269-278.
JAMA Mapongmetsem PM. Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2006;19:269–278.
MLA Mapongmetsem, P. M. “Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji Ve Çoğaltma”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 19, no. 2, 2006, pp. 269-78.
Vancouver Mapongmetsem PM. Kamerun’un Adamawa Dağlık Bölgesinde Vitex madiensis’in Kültüre Alınması: Fenoloji ve Çoğaltma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2006;19(2):269-78.