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Effects of the Soil Applications of Municipal Sewage Sludge on Tomato Plant: I. Plant Nutrients and Heavy Metal Contents

Year 2003, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 87 - 96, 01.06.2003

Abstract

In greenhouse experiment, the effects of different sewage sludges applied repeatedly to soil at different application rates for two years on plant nutrient ad heavy metal contents of tomato plant were examined. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cd in leaves of tomato plant were increased by the increasing applications of sludge rates for each year. Differences of the sludge characteristics are reflected to mineral contents of plants grown on sludge-applied soil. Mineral contents of tomato plant were higher in the second year by successive sludge applications. At low rates either of these sludges affected plant growth well, but phytotoxicity and heavy metal accumulation were determined by higher sludge application rates and successive sludge treatments. The second year, growth retard and phytotoxic effects were observed and accumulation of Pb and Cd in tomato were excessed the acceptable range limits for human consumption in sludge type used which containing higher salt and mineral contents. The findings on the effects of sludge differences, phytotoxicity and heavy metals accumulation in plant as a result of successive years applications of municipal sludge to greenhouse soil could be thought a noticeable examples for the safety reuse concerns of sludge in agriculture.

References

  • Anonymous, 1973. Analytical methods for atomic absorption spectrofotometry. Perkin Elmer Catolog, Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  • Anonymous, 1996. The use of reclaimed water and sludge in food crop production. Environmental Pollution Agency. National research council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
  • Bouyoucos, G.D. 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of the soil. Agronomy Journal, 43: 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M. 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. In Ed. C.A. Black, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Pub. Agron Series, No. 9., Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Chaney, R.L. 1990. Twenty years of land application research. Biocycle, september 54-59.
  • Çağlar, K.Ö. 1949. Toprak Bilgisi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No. 10, Ankara.
  • Gomez, I., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Mataix, J., Fragoso, M.A.C. and Beusichem, M.L. 1993. Effects of organic waste fertilization and saline irrigation on mineral composition of tomato leaves and fruits. Eighth International Colloquum for the Optimization of Plant Nutrition, 31 August-8 September, Lisbon, Portugal, 333-337.
  • Grewelling, T. and Peech, M. 1960. Chemical soil tests. Cornell University, Agr. Expt. Station Bull., 960.
  • Hızalan, A. ve Ünal, H. 1966. Topraklarda önemli kimyasal analizler. A.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Yayınları: 278, Yardımcı Ders Kitabı: 97, A.Ü. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Jackson, M.L. 1962. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Eng. Cliffs, U.S.A.
  • Kacar, B. 1972. Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri, II. Bitki analizleri. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 453, Uygulama Klavuzu:155, A.Ü. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Kacar, B. 1995. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri, III. Toprak analizleri. A.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, No. 3, Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Kadunc, V., Mihelic, R. and Lobnik, F. 1994. Usability of compost from municipal sewage sludge and conifer bark in the plant production. Kmetijstvo, 63: 191-203.
  • Linden, D.R., Clap, C.E. and Dowdy, R.H. 1983. Hydrologic management: nutrients. pp 79-103 in Proceedings of the workshop on utilization of municipal wastewater and sludge on land. Riverside, University of California.
  • Lindsay, W.L. and Norwell, W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42:421-428.
  • Logan, T.J. and Chaney, L. 1983. Metals.pp In utilization of municipal wastewater and sludge on land. A.L. Page, T.L. Gleason, J.E., Smith, I.K., Iskender and C.E. Sommers, eds. Riverside.
  • Martens, D.C. and Westermann, D.T. 1991. Fertilizer applications for correcting micronutrient deficiencies in micronutrients in agriculture. Mortvedt, J.J. et al., eds., Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Book Series, No. 4, Madison, Wisconsin, Amer. Soc. of Agronomy.
  • Miller, R.W.,Azzari, A.S. and Gardiner, D.T. 1995. Heavy metals in crops as affected by soil types and sewage sludge rates. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 26:5-6, 703-711.
  • Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, H.C. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agr. Cir. No. 939, Washington D.C.
  • Özbek, H., Kaya, Z., Gök, M. ve Kaptan, H. 2000. Toprak Bilimi. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitapları, Genel Yayın No. 73, Yayın No. 16, Adana.
  • Paulraj, C. and Ramulu, U.S. 1994. Effect of soil application of low levels of urban sewage sludge on the uptake of nutrients and yield of certain vegetables. Journal of the Indian society of soil science, 42(3):485-487.
  • Pinamonti, F. Stringari, G. and Zorzi, G. 1997. Use of compost in soilless cultivation. Compost science and utilization, 5(2):38-46.
  • Pratt, P.F. 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. In Ed. C.A. Black, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Pub. Agron. Series, No. 9., Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Roorda van Eysinga, J.P.N.L. and Smilde, K.W. 1981. Nutritional disorder in glasshouse tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuca. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.
  • Sommers, L.E. 1997. Chemical composition of sewage sludges and analysis of their potential use as fertilizer. J. Environmental Quality, 6:225-232.
  • Tabatabai, M.A. and Frankerberger, W.T. 1979. Chemical composition of sewage sludges in Iowa. Agriculture and Home Economics Experimental Station, Iowa State University of Sci. and Technology Research Bulletin, 586.
  • Tirmizi, S.A., Javed, I., Saeed, A. and Samina, F. 1996. A study of the inorganic elements in vegetable and soil samples of the polluted and nonpolluted areas of Bahawalpur city (Pakistan). Hamdard-Medicus, 39(3):90-95.
  • Topcuoğlu, B., Önal, M.K. ve Arı, N. 2001. Toprağa kentsel katı atık kompostu ve kentsel atıksu arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının sera domatesinde kuru madde miktarı ve bazı bitki besin içerikleri üzerine etkisi. GAP II. Tarım Kongresi, 24-26 Ekim, Şanlıurfa.
  • Villarroel De, J.R., Chang, A.C. and Amrhein, C. 1993. Cd and Zn Phytoavailability of a field-stabilized sludge treated soil. Soil Science, 155(3):197-205.

Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri

Year 2003, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 87 - 96, 01.06.2003

Abstract

Sera denemesinde iki yıl yinelemeli olarak toprağa uygulanan farklı kentsel arıtma çamurlarının domates bitkisinde bitki besinleri ve ağır metal içerikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Toprağa artan miktarlarda uygulanan arıtma çamurları ile ilgili olarak her iki yıl domates bitkisinin N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni ve Cd içerikleri artmıştır. Arıtma çamurlarının niteliklerindeki farklılık, uygulandığı toprakta yetişen bitkilerin mineral içeriklerine yansımıştır. Arıtma çamurlarının yinelemeli uygulamalarında bitkide daha yüksek mineral içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Toprağa uygulanan çamurlar düşük düzeylerde bitki gelişimini olumlu etkilemiş, fakat yinelemeli uygulamalarda ve yüksek uygulama düzeylerinde, fitotoksisite ve yüksek ağır metal içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Yüksek düzeyde tuz ve mineral içeren çamur tipinin ikinci yıl uygulamaları, domates bitkisinde gelişimde duraklama ve toksik etkisi yapmış, Cd ve Pb gibi ağır metaller bitkide insan sağlığı için izin verilen sınır değerleri aşmıştır. Kentsel arıtma çamurunun sera toprağına yinelemeli uygulamalarının sonucu olarak, bitkide saptanan fitotoksisite ve ağır metallerin birikimi, çamur etkilerinin farklılıkları üzerindeki bulgular arıtma çamurlarının tarımda güvenli geri kazanımı üzerindeki endişelere örnek teşkil etmektedir.

References

  • Anonymous, 1973. Analytical methods for atomic absorption spectrofotometry. Perkin Elmer Catolog, Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  • Anonymous, 1996. The use of reclaimed water and sludge in food crop production. Environmental Pollution Agency. National research council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
  • Bouyoucos, G.D. 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of the soil. Agronomy Journal, 43: 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M. 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. In Ed. C.A. Black, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Pub. Agron Series, No. 9., Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Chaney, R.L. 1990. Twenty years of land application research. Biocycle, september 54-59.
  • Çağlar, K.Ö. 1949. Toprak Bilgisi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No. 10, Ankara.
  • Gomez, I., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Mataix, J., Fragoso, M.A.C. and Beusichem, M.L. 1993. Effects of organic waste fertilization and saline irrigation on mineral composition of tomato leaves and fruits. Eighth International Colloquum for the Optimization of Plant Nutrition, 31 August-8 September, Lisbon, Portugal, 333-337.
  • Grewelling, T. and Peech, M. 1960. Chemical soil tests. Cornell University, Agr. Expt. Station Bull., 960.
  • Hızalan, A. ve Ünal, H. 1966. Topraklarda önemli kimyasal analizler. A.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Yayınları: 278, Yardımcı Ders Kitabı: 97, A.Ü. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Jackson, M.L. 1962. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Eng. Cliffs, U.S.A.
  • Kacar, B. 1972. Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri, II. Bitki analizleri. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 453, Uygulama Klavuzu:155, A.Ü. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Kacar, B. 1995. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri, III. Toprak analizleri. A.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, No. 3, Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Kadunc, V., Mihelic, R. and Lobnik, F. 1994. Usability of compost from municipal sewage sludge and conifer bark in the plant production. Kmetijstvo, 63: 191-203.
  • Linden, D.R., Clap, C.E. and Dowdy, R.H. 1983. Hydrologic management: nutrients. pp 79-103 in Proceedings of the workshop on utilization of municipal wastewater and sludge on land. Riverside, University of California.
  • Lindsay, W.L. and Norwell, W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42:421-428.
  • Logan, T.J. and Chaney, L. 1983. Metals.pp In utilization of municipal wastewater and sludge on land. A.L. Page, T.L. Gleason, J.E., Smith, I.K., Iskender and C.E. Sommers, eds. Riverside.
  • Martens, D.C. and Westermann, D.T. 1991. Fertilizer applications for correcting micronutrient deficiencies in micronutrients in agriculture. Mortvedt, J.J. et al., eds., Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Book Series, No. 4, Madison, Wisconsin, Amer. Soc. of Agronomy.
  • Miller, R.W.,Azzari, A.S. and Gardiner, D.T. 1995. Heavy metals in crops as affected by soil types and sewage sludge rates. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 26:5-6, 703-711.
  • Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, H.C. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agr. Cir. No. 939, Washington D.C.
  • Özbek, H., Kaya, Z., Gök, M. ve Kaptan, H. 2000. Toprak Bilimi. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitapları, Genel Yayın No. 73, Yayın No. 16, Adana.
  • Paulraj, C. and Ramulu, U.S. 1994. Effect of soil application of low levels of urban sewage sludge on the uptake of nutrients and yield of certain vegetables. Journal of the Indian society of soil science, 42(3):485-487.
  • Pinamonti, F. Stringari, G. and Zorzi, G. 1997. Use of compost in soilless cultivation. Compost science and utilization, 5(2):38-46.
  • Pratt, P.F. 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. In Ed. C.A. Black, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Pub. Agron. Series, No. 9., Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Roorda van Eysinga, J.P.N.L. and Smilde, K.W. 1981. Nutritional disorder in glasshouse tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuca. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.
  • Sommers, L.E. 1997. Chemical composition of sewage sludges and analysis of their potential use as fertilizer. J. Environmental Quality, 6:225-232.
  • Tabatabai, M.A. and Frankerberger, W.T. 1979. Chemical composition of sewage sludges in Iowa. Agriculture and Home Economics Experimental Station, Iowa State University of Sci. and Technology Research Bulletin, 586.
  • Tirmizi, S.A., Javed, I., Saeed, A. and Samina, F. 1996. A study of the inorganic elements in vegetable and soil samples of the polluted and nonpolluted areas of Bahawalpur city (Pakistan). Hamdard-Medicus, 39(3):90-95.
  • Topcuoğlu, B., Önal, M.K. ve Arı, N. 2001. Toprağa kentsel katı atık kompostu ve kentsel atıksu arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının sera domatesinde kuru madde miktarı ve bazı bitki besin içerikleri üzerine etkisi. GAP II. Tarım Kongresi, 24-26 Ekim, Şanlıurfa.
  • Villarroel De, J.R., Chang, A.C. and Amrhein, C. 1993. Cd and Zn Phytoavailability of a field-stabilized sludge treated soil. Soil Science, 155(3):197-205.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

B. Topcuoğlu This is me

M. K. Önal This is me

N. Arı This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2003
Published in Issue Year 2003 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Topcuoğlu, B., Önal, M. K., & Arı, N. (2003). Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 16(1), 87-96.
AMA Topcuoğlu B, Önal MK, Arı N. Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. June 2003;16(1):87-96.
Chicago Topcuoğlu, B., M. K. Önal, and N. Arı. “Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri Ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 16, no. 1 (June 2003): 87-96.
EndNote Topcuoğlu B, Önal MK, Arı N (June 1, 2003) Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 16 1 87–96.
IEEE B. Topcuoğlu, M. K. Önal, and N. Arı, “Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 87–96, 2003.
ISNAD Topcuoğlu, B. et al. “Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri Ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 16/1 (June 2003), 87-96.
JAMA Topcuoğlu B, Önal MK, Arı N. Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2003;16:87–96.
MLA Topcuoğlu, B. et al. “Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri Ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 16, no. 1, 2003, pp. 87-96.
Vancouver Topcuoğlu B, Önal MK, Arı N. Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2003;16(1):87-96.