Bursa ekolojik koşullarında karpuzun su kullanım etkinliği, verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine farklı sulama rejimlerinin etkileri

Year 2015, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 21 - 26, 01.06.2015

Hayrettin Kuşçu , Ahmet Turhan Neşe Özmen Pınar Aydınol Ali Osman Demir

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında Bursa ekolojik koşullarında damla sulama ile sulanan karpuz bitkisinde (Citrullus vulgaris) farklı sulama miktarlarının bitki su tüketimi, su kullanım etkinliği, verim, bazı verim bileşenleri ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla dört farklı sulama konusu (bitki su tüketiminin % 100’ü (kontrol), % 75’i, % 50’si ve % 25’i) oluşturulmuştur. Topraktaki eksik nemin tam olarak karşılandığı kontrol konusunda, ortalama mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi 505 mm ve uygulanan ortalama toplam sulama suyu miktarı ise 449 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Konulara göre ortalama su kullanım etkinliği 12.68 ile 15.66 kg m^-3 arasında belirlenmiştir. Verim, denemenin ilk yılında konulara göre 37.2-77.9 t ha^-1, ikinci yılında ise 38.2-80.3 t ha^-1 arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Bitki su tüketimi ile su kullanım etkinliği, uygulanan sulama suyu ile verim ve bitki su tüketimi ile verim arasında anlamlı ilişkiler elde edilmiştir. Verim bileşenlerinden tek meyve ağırlığı, meyve çapı ve meyve boyu değerleri verimle paralel olarak konulara göre farklılık göstermiştir. Kalite parametrelerinden toplam şeker, toplam asitlik ve askorbik asit konulara göre farklılık gösterirken, pH ve suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı konulara göre herhangi bir farklılık göstermemiştir.

Keywords

Kısıntılı sulama, Karpuz, Bitki su tüketimi, Toplam şeker, Asitlik

Effects of different irrigation regimes on water use efficiency, yield and fruit quality of watermelon under Bursa ecological conditions

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation regimes on evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, yield, some yield components and fruit quality parameters of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) irrigated via drip irrigation in Bursa ecological conditions during 2011 and 2012. For this purpose, four different irrigation regimes (100% (control), 75%, 50% and 25% replenishment of soil water depleted) were investigated. Mean seasonal evapotranspiration and mean total irrigation water applied were determined as 505 mm and 449 mm respectively at control treatment, in which the lack moisture of soil was corresponded fully. According to treatments, average water use efficiency was determined between 12.68 kg m-3 and 15.66 kg m-3. With regard to treatments, the fruit yield was found between 37.2 t ha-1and 77.9 t ha-1 in the first year and between 38.2 t ha-1 and 80.3 t ha-1 in the second year. It was obtained that there were significant relationships between seasonal evapotranspiration and water use efficiency, seasonal irrigation water applied and fruit yield, and seasonal evapotranspiration and fruit yield. Yield components such as fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit height were differences statistically with regard to treatments. While quality parameters such as total sugar, total acidity and ascorbic acid were difference statistically with regard to treatments, pH and total soluble solids values were not difference statistically.

Keywords

Deficit irrigation, Watermelon, Evapotranspiration, Total sugar, Acidity

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