Mikorizaların Turunçgillerdeki önemi ve Kullanım Olanakları

Year 1999, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 121 - 130, 01.12.1999

Ebru Cücü Açıkalın Turgut Yeşiloğlu

Abstract

Turunçgil meyveleri üretimimizin toplam taze meyve üretimi içerisindeki payı %15, toplam meyve ihracatımızdaki payı ise %80 kadardır Bu da turunçgil yetiştiriciliğinin Ülkemiz ekonomisindeki önemini açık bir şekilde göstermektedir.
Son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar, bitki besin elementlerinin bitki köklerinin yanı sıra çoğunlukla mikoriza diye adlandırılan ve teşhisi mikroskop altında yapılan, çok miktarda hif üreten mantar türleri tarafından alındığını ortaya koymuştur.
Mikoriza köklerdeki bitki ve fiınguslar arasındaki mutualistik (karşılıklı) bir simbiosis olup, enerji esasen bitkiden fungusa, inorganik kaynaklar ise fungustan bitkiye taşınır. Kısacası mutualistik ilişki her iki taraf için de yararlıdır.
Mikorizalar, bitkinin topraktan su ve besin elementleri alimini arttırmakta, toprak strüktürünü iyileştirip erozyonu önlemektedir. Kısacası, mikorizalarm fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik yönden çok sayıda faydası olup, birçok yönden bitkiye yarayışlılığt arttırmaktadırlar.
Dünyada yapılan birçok çalışmada mikoriza kullanımının, turunçgil yetiştiriciliği açısından büyük bir faydası olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenlerden dolayı, diğer bitkiler yanında Ülkemiz ekonomisi açısından son derece önemli olan turunçgil yetiştiriciliğinde de mikoriza kullanımına gereken önem verilmelidir.

Keywords

Mikoriza, Turunçgiller, Türkiye

The Importance of Mycorrhizae in Citrus and Usage Possibilities

Abstract

The production of citrus fruit has got 15 % ratio in the production of total fresh fruit and it has got 80 % ratio in the export of total fruit in Turkey And this shows clearly that, the importance of citrus growing in our country’s economy .
The last scientific researches revealed that, the plant nutritions are uptaken by plant roots and also by fungus species which are called mostly as mycorrhiza. These species can be identified by means of microscope and they are able to produce a lot of hyphae. A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis between plant and fungus localized in a root in which energy moves primarily from plant to fungus and inorganic resources move from fungus to plant. In brief, mutualistic relationship is useful for each other.
Mycorrhizae increases the uptake of plant nutrients and water from soil. Also, it supplies that soil structure is better, so it prevents erosion. Shortly , mycorrhizae are very useful to plant for physical, chemical and biological sitiations and they increase usefulness in respect of a lot of subject in plants.
Several studies have shown that, mycorrhizae are important on growing of citrus. For this reason, mycorrhiza usage should be encouraged in citrus which is very important for our country’s economy.

Keywords

Mycorrhiza, Citrus, Türkiye

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