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Winter-Sowing Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Breeding Approaches for Cold Tolerance

Year 1996, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 123 - 137, 01.12.1996

Cengiz Toker M. İlhan Çağırgan

Abstract

In the Mediterranean basin, chickpea is a traditionally spring-sowing crop, which is grown on soil with residual moisture from winter. The yield of chickpea is restricted by limited moisture availability and spring sowing which coincides with limiting temperature during the reproductive phase of the growth, a particularly sensitive stage of the phenological development. Winter-sown chickpea has almost double-yield compared to the traditional spring-sown crop, provided cultivars posses tolerance to cold and Ascochyta blight. Winter sowing allows the crop to be harvested by machine. Morever, winter-sowing is the more fixed nitrojen than spring-sown. Hovewer, there is weed promlem in the winter sowings and seeds of winter cultivars is small. In this study, characterİstics and procedures of the chickpea growing and breeding for winter-sowing are also evalueted.

Keywords

Cicer arietinum L. Chickpea Breeding

References

  • 1. Muehlbauer, F.J., Use of Wild Species as a Source of Resistance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, In Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, A Wiley-Sayce Publication, p:359-372, 1993.
  • 2. Calcagno, F., Gallo, G., Physiological and Morphological Basis of Abiotic Stress Resistance in Chickpea, In Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, A Wiley-Sayce Publication, p:359-72, 1993.
  • 3. Haq, M.A., Singh, K.B., Induction of Cold Tolerance in Kabuli- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Through Induced Mutations, Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 41: 5-7, 1994.
  • 4. Malhotra, R.S., Pundir, R.P.S., Slinkard, A.E., Genetic Resources of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:67-81, 1987.
  • 5. van der Maesen, L.J.G., Origin, History and Taxonomy of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:ll-34, 1987.
  • 6. Ladizinsky, G., Adler, A., The Origin Of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Euphytica, 25:211-17, 1976.
  • 7. van der Maesen, L.J.G., Pundir, R.P.S., Availability and Use of Wild Cicer Germplasm, Genetic Resources Unit, (ICR I SAT) Patancheru 502324, Andhra Paradesh, India, p:19-24, 1984.
  • 8. ICRISAT, ICARDA, IBPGR, Chickpea Descriptors, IBPGR Secretariat, Rome, pp:15, 1985.
  • 9. Bahl, P.N., Kumar, J., Raju, D.B., Genetic Variations and Adaptations in Chickpea, Plant Breeding, 106:164-67, 1991.
  • 10. Singh, K.B., Reddy, M.V., Resistance to Six Races of Ascochyta rabiei in the World Germplasm Collection of Chickpea, Crop Science 33:186-189, 1993.
  • 11. Pundir, R.P.S., Rao, N.K., van der Maesen, L.J.G., Distribution of Qualitative Traits in the World Germplasm of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Euphytica 34:697-703, 1985.
  • 12. Singh, K.B., Malhotra, R.S., Withcombe, J.R., Kabuli Chickpea Germplasm Catalog, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 1983.
  • 13. Muehlbauer, F.J., Singh, K.B., Genetics of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:99-125, 1987.
  • 14. Bahl, P.N., Cytology of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Pub. by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:83-97, 1987.
  • 15. Summerfield, R.J., Roberts, E.H., Hadley, P., Phototermal Effects on Flowering in Chickpea and Other Grain Legumes, Adaptation of chickpea and pigeonpea to abiotic stresses. Proceeding of the Consultants’ Workshop, 19-21 December 1984. ICRISAT, India, 1987.
  • 16. Eshel, Y., Effect of Sowing Date on Growth and Seed Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Israel Journal of Agric. Research, 17:193-97, 1967.
  • 17. Saxena, M.C., Agronomy of Chickpea, in The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Pub. by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:207-32, 1987.
  • 18. Singh, K.B., Chickpea Breeding, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C.. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Pub. by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:127-63, 1987.
  • 19. Saxsena, M.C., ICARDA, Kabuli Chickpea, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 1-7, 1993.
  • 20. Hawtin, G.C., Singh, K.B., Prospects and Potential of Winter Sowing of Chickpeas in the Mediterranean Region, in Ascochyta blight and winter sowing of chickpea (Saxena M.C. and Singh, K.B. eds.) The Mague, Neterlands: Martinur Nijhoff/W. Junk Pub., p:7-16, 1984.
  • 21. Saxena, M.C., Singh, K.B., Ascochyta blight and winter sowing of chickpea, Proceedings of the Workshop, 4-7 May 1981, Aleppo, Syria. World Crops: Production, Utilization, Description vol.9. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff/W. Junk, pp:288, 1984,
  • 22. Singh, K.B., Mmbaga, M.T., ICARDA, Ascochyta Blight Resistance, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 23-24, 1993.
  • 23. Bhan, V.M., Kukula, S., Weeds and Their Control in Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:319-28, 1987.
  • 24. Malhotra, R.S., Singh, K.B., Saxena, M.C., Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Cold Tolerance in Chickpea, International Chickpea and Pigonpea Newsletter 2: 24-25, 1996.
  • 25. Singh, K.B., Meyveci, K., Izgin, N., Tuware, S., Screening Kabuli Chickpea for Cold Tolerance, International Chickpea Newsletter, 4:11-12, 1981.
  • 26. Malhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., Screening for Cold and Heat Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, In Breeding for Strese Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, A Wiley-Sayce Publication, p:227-44, 1993.
  • 27. Singh, K.B., Molhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., Chickpea Evaluation for Cold Tolerance under Field Conditions, Crop Science, 29:282-85, 1989.
  • 28. Wery, J., Adaptation to Frost and Drought Stress in Chickpea and Implications in Plant Breeding, In M.C. Saxena, J.I. Cubero and J. Wery, (eds.), Present Status and Future Prospect of Chickpea Crop Production and Improvement in the Mediterranean Countries, Options Mediterraneennes, Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens: No:9, Zarogosa, Spain: CIHEAM, p:77-85, 1990.
  • 29. Wery, J., Slim, S.N., Knights, E.J., Malhotra, R.S., Cousin, R., Screening Techniques and Sources of Tolerance to Extremes of Moisture and air Temperature in Cool Season Food Legumes, Euphytica, 73:73-83, 1994.
  • 30. Singh, K.B., Weigand, S., Saxena, M.C., Malhotra, R.S., Omar, M., Reddy, M.V., Porta-Puglia, A., Greco, N., Di Vito, M., ICARDA, Wild Cicer Species, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 17, 1993.
  • 31. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Sources of Resistance, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 20, 1993.
  • 32. Singh, K.B., Molhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., Sources for Tolerance to Cold in Cicer species, Crop Science, 30:1136-38, 1990.
  • 33. Brock, R.D., When to Use Mutations in Plant Breeding, in Manual on Mutation Breeding, Second Edition Tech. Rep. series no:119, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, p:213-19, 1977.
  • 34. Omar, M., Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Germplasm Enhancement, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 23,1993.
  • 35. Singh, K.B., Malhotra, R.S., ICARDA, Cold Tolerance, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 24,1993.
  • 36. Malhotra, R.S., Singh, K.B., Gene Action for Cold Tolerance in Chickpea, Theor.Appli.Genet.,82:598-601, 1991.
  • 37. Porta-puglia, A., Singh, K.B., Infantino, A., Strategies for Multiple-Stress Resistance breeding in Cool Season Food Legumes, In Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool -Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, AWiley-Sayce Pub., p:411-427, 1993.
  • 38. Şakar, D., Yilmaz, B., Effect of Advancing Sowing Dates on Chickpea Production in Turkey, Chickpea in the Nineties: Proceeding of the Scn. International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement, 4-8 Dec., ICRISAT, India, 1989.
  • 39. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Winter Sowing, Legume Program, Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p:42-44, 1988.
  • 40. Singh, K.B., Malhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., ICARDA, Winter Sowing, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 41-46, 1990.
  • 41. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Performance of Newly Bred Lines at Sites in Winter Sowing, ICARDA, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p:42-44, 1992.
  • 42. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Kabuli Chickpea Improvement, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p:8-9, 1990
  • 43. Islam, R., Nodulation Aspects of Winter-Planted Chickpeas, in Ascochyta blight and winter sowing of chickpea (Saxena M.C. and Singh, K.B. eds.) The Mague, Netherlands: Martinur Nijhoff/W, Junk Pub., p:159-166, 1984.
  • 44. Beck, D., Slim, S., Saxena, M.C., ICARDA, Effect of Moisture on N2 Fixation in spring-Sown Chickpea, Legume Program Annual Raport, Aleppo, Syria, p:103-107, 1990,

Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları

Year 1996, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 123 - 137, 01.12.1996

Cengiz Toker M. İlhan Çağırgan

Abstract

Akdeniz havzasında nohut geleneksel olarak yazlık ekilen bir bitkidir. Bu koşullarda, ürün kıştan kalan toprak nemi ile meydana gelmektedir. Nohutun verimi, sınırlı toprak neminin alınabilirliği ile belirlenmekte ve yazlık ekimlerde generatif dönemin yüksek sıcaklıklara rastlamasıyla olumsuz olarak etkilenmektedir. Soğuğa ve antraknoza dayanıklı çeşitlerle nohutun kışlık ekimi, geleneksel ekim sistemi ile karşılaştırdığında verim iki katına çıkmaktadır. Kışlık ekimler makinalı hasada uygundurlar ve kışlık ekimle toprağa daha fazla azot bağlanmaktadır. Bununla beraber, kışlık ekimlerde yabancı ot promlemi önemli bir sorundur ve kışlık çeşitlerin daneleri de küçüktür. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, kışlık nohut ekiminin karakteristiği ve kışlık nohut geliştirme için uygulanan ıslah prosedürleri değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Cicer arietinum L. Nohut Islah

References

  • 1. Muehlbauer, F.J., Use of Wild Species as a Source of Resistance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, In Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, A Wiley-Sayce Publication, p:359-372, 1993.
  • 2. Calcagno, F., Gallo, G., Physiological and Morphological Basis of Abiotic Stress Resistance in Chickpea, In Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, A Wiley-Sayce Publication, p:359-72, 1993.
  • 3. Haq, M.A., Singh, K.B., Induction of Cold Tolerance in Kabuli- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Through Induced Mutations, Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 41: 5-7, 1994.
  • 4. Malhotra, R.S., Pundir, R.P.S., Slinkard, A.E., Genetic Resources of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:67-81, 1987.
  • 5. van der Maesen, L.J.G., Origin, History and Taxonomy of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:ll-34, 1987.
  • 6. Ladizinsky, G., Adler, A., The Origin Of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Euphytica, 25:211-17, 1976.
  • 7. van der Maesen, L.J.G., Pundir, R.P.S., Availability and Use of Wild Cicer Germplasm, Genetic Resources Unit, (ICR I SAT) Patancheru 502324, Andhra Paradesh, India, p:19-24, 1984.
  • 8. ICRISAT, ICARDA, IBPGR, Chickpea Descriptors, IBPGR Secretariat, Rome, pp:15, 1985.
  • 9. Bahl, P.N., Kumar, J., Raju, D.B., Genetic Variations and Adaptations in Chickpea, Plant Breeding, 106:164-67, 1991.
  • 10. Singh, K.B., Reddy, M.V., Resistance to Six Races of Ascochyta rabiei in the World Germplasm Collection of Chickpea, Crop Science 33:186-189, 1993.
  • 11. Pundir, R.P.S., Rao, N.K., van der Maesen, L.J.G., Distribution of Qualitative Traits in the World Germplasm of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Euphytica 34:697-703, 1985.
  • 12. Singh, K.B., Malhotra, R.S., Withcombe, J.R., Kabuli Chickpea Germplasm Catalog, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 1983.
  • 13. Muehlbauer, F.J., Singh, K.B., Genetics of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:99-125, 1987.
  • 14. Bahl, P.N., Cytology of Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Pub. by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:83-97, 1987.
  • 15. Summerfield, R.J., Roberts, E.H., Hadley, P., Phototermal Effects on Flowering in Chickpea and Other Grain Legumes, Adaptation of chickpea and pigeonpea to abiotic stresses. Proceeding of the Consultants’ Workshop, 19-21 December 1984. ICRISAT, India, 1987.
  • 16. Eshel, Y., Effect of Sowing Date on Growth and Seed Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Israel Journal of Agric. Research, 17:193-97, 1967.
  • 17. Saxena, M.C., Agronomy of Chickpea, in The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Pub. by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:207-32, 1987.
  • 18. Singh, K.B., Chickpea Breeding, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C.. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Pub. by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:127-63, 1987.
  • 19. Saxsena, M.C., ICARDA, Kabuli Chickpea, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 1-7, 1993.
  • 20. Hawtin, G.C., Singh, K.B., Prospects and Potential of Winter Sowing of Chickpeas in the Mediterranean Region, in Ascochyta blight and winter sowing of chickpea (Saxena M.C. and Singh, K.B. eds.) The Mague, Neterlands: Martinur Nijhoff/W. Junk Pub., p:7-16, 1984.
  • 21. Saxena, M.C., Singh, K.B., Ascochyta blight and winter sowing of chickpea, Proceedings of the Workshop, 4-7 May 1981, Aleppo, Syria. World Crops: Production, Utilization, Description vol.9. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff/W. Junk, pp:288, 1984,
  • 22. Singh, K.B., Mmbaga, M.T., ICARDA, Ascochyta Blight Resistance, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 23-24, 1993.
  • 23. Bhan, V.M., Kukula, S., Weeds and Their Control in Chickpea, In The Chickpea, Edited by M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh, Publised by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX108DE, U.K., p:319-28, 1987.
  • 24. Malhotra, R.S., Singh, K.B., Saxena, M.C., Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Cold Tolerance in Chickpea, International Chickpea and Pigonpea Newsletter 2: 24-25, 1996.
  • 25. Singh, K.B., Meyveci, K., Izgin, N., Tuware, S., Screening Kabuli Chickpea for Cold Tolerance, International Chickpea Newsletter, 4:11-12, 1981.
  • 26. Malhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., Screening for Cold and Heat Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, In Breeding for Strese Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, A Wiley-Sayce Publication, p:227-44, 1993.
  • 27. Singh, K.B., Molhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., Chickpea Evaluation for Cold Tolerance under Field Conditions, Crop Science, 29:282-85, 1989.
  • 28. Wery, J., Adaptation to Frost and Drought Stress in Chickpea and Implications in Plant Breeding, In M.C. Saxena, J.I. Cubero and J. Wery, (eds.), Present Status and Future Prospect of Chickpea Crop Production and Improvement in the Mediterranean Countries, Options Mediterraneennes, Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens: No:9, Zarogosa, Spain: CIHEAM, p:77-85, 1990.
  • 29. Wery, J., Slim, S.N., Knights, E.J., Malhotra, R.S., Cousin, R., Screening Techniques and Sources of Tolerance to Extremes of Moisture and air Temperature in Cool Season Food Legumes, Euphytica, 73:73-83, 1994.
  • 30. Singh, K.B., Weigand, S., Saxena, M.C., Malhotra, R.S., Omar, M., Reddy, M.V., Porta-Puglia, A., Greco, N., Di Vito, M., ICARDA, Wild Cicer Species, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 17, 1993.
  • 31. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Sources of Resistance, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 20, 1993.
  • 32. Singh, K.B., Molhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., Sources for Tolerance to Cold in Cicer species, Crop Science, 30:1136-38, 1990.
  • 33. Brock, R.D., When to Use Mutations in Plant Breeding, in Manual on Mutation Breeding, Second Edition Tech. Rep. series no:119, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, p:213-19, 1977.
  • 34. Omar, M., Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Germplasm Enhancement, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 23,1993.
  • 35. Singh, K.B., Malhotra, R.S., ICARDA, Cold Tolerance, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 24,1993.
  • 36. Malhotra, R.S., Singh, K.B., Gene Action for Cold Tolerance in Chickpea, Theor.Appli.Genet.,82:598-601, 1991.
  • 37. Porta-puglia, A., Singh, K.B., Infantino, A., Strategies for Multiple-Stress Resistance breeding in Cool Season Food Legumes, In Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool -Season Food Legumes, Edited by K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxsena, AWiley-Sayce Pub., p:411-427, 1993.
  • 38. Şakar, D., Yilmaz, B., Effect of Advancing Sowing Dates on Chickpea Production in Turkey, Chickpea in the Nineties: Proceeding of the Scn. International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement, 4-8 Dec., ICRISAT, India, 1989.
  • 39. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Winter Sowing, Legume Program, Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p:42-44, 1988.
  • 40. Singh, K.B., Malhotra, R.S., Saxena, M.C., ICARDA, Winter Sowing, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p: 41-46, 1990.
  • 41. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Performance of Newly Bred Lines at Sites in Winter Sowing, ICARDA, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p:42-44, 1992.
  • 42. Singh, K.B., ICARDA, Kabuli Chickpea Improvement, Legume Program Annual Report, Aleppo, Syria, p:8-9, 1990
  • 43. Islam, R., Nodulation Aspects of Winter-Planted Chickpeas, in Ascochyta blight and winter sowing of chickpea (Saxena M.C. and Singh, K.B. eds.) The Mague, Netherlands: Martinur Nijhoff/W, Junk Pub., p:159-166, 1984.
  • 44. Beck, D., Slim, S., Saxena, M.C., ICARDA, Effect of Moisture on N2 Fixation in spring-Sown Chickpea, Legume Program Annual Raport, Aleppo, Syria, p:103-107, 1990,
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cengiz Toker This is me

M. İlhan Çağırgan This is me

Publication Date December 1, 1996
Published in Issue Year 1996 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Toker, C., & Çağırgan, M. İ. (1996). Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 9(1), 123-137.
AMA Toker C, Çağırgan Mİ. Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. December 1996;9(1):123-137.
Chicago Toker, Cengiz, and M. İlhan Çağırgan. “Kışlık Nohut (Cicer Arietinum L.) Ekimi Ve Islah Yaklaşımları”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 9, no. 1 (December 1996): 123-37.
EndNote Toker C, Çağırgan Mİ (December 1, 1996) Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 9 1 123–137.
IEEE C. Toker and M. İ. Çağırgan, “Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 123–137, 1996.
ISNAD Toker, Cengiz - Çağırgan, M. İlhan. “Kışlık Nohut (Cicer Arietinum L.) Ekimi Ve Islah Yaklaşımları”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 9/1 (December 1996), 123-137.
JAMA Toker C, Çağırgan Mİ. Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 1996;9:123–137.
MLA Toker, Cengiz and M. İlhan Çağırgan. “Kışlık Nohut (Cicer Arietinum L.) Ekimi Ve Islah Yaklaşımları”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 9, no. 1, 1996, pp. 123-37.
Vancouver Toker C, Çağırgan Mİ. Kışlık Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Ekimi ve Islah Yaklaşımları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 1996;9(1):123-37.