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The Methods of Quantification of Plant Water Stress and Their usage for Irrigation Timing

Year 1994, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 114 - 128, 01.12.1994

Abstract

The irrigation scheduling which is described as the determination of irrigation time and the amount of water that should be applied, is a concept for optimizing of water use for land.
Nowadays, there are a number of methods which are widely used for irrigation scheduling based on soil data, meteorological data and plant data. Because plants respond to aerial environment as well as soil environment, the irrigation scheduling which is based on direct measurements of some plant parameters is more adequate approach than other methods.
The purpose of this article was to describe the stress indices, which were quantified the plant water stress based on measurements of plants, and their usage for irrigation timing was evaluated. For this purpose Stress Day Index (SDI) Stress Degree Day (SDD) Concept, Temperature Stress Day (TSD) Canopy Temperature Variability (CTV), Critical Point Model (CPM) and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) were reviewed.

References

  • 1. Hiler, E.A. , Howell, T.A., Bordovsky, D.G., Stress Day indeks... A New Concept for Irrigation Timing. Proc. of "Optimization of Irrigation and Drainage Systems". Amer. Soc. of Civ. Eng., New York, 579-595, 1972.
  • 2. Nakayama, F.S., Reginato, R.J., Simplifying Neutron Moisture Meter Calibration, Soil Sci. 133:48-52, 1982.
  • 3. Heermann, D.F., Jensen, M.E., Adapting Meteorological Approaches in Irrigation Scheduling to High Rainfall Areas. National Irrigation Symposium Papers, pp.10, 1970.
  • 4. Jensen, M.E., Consumptive Use of Water and Irrigation Water Requirements. Irrig. Drain. Div., Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng., New York, 1974.
  • 5. Kincaid, D.C., Heermann, D.F., Scheduling Irrigations Using a Programmable Calculator. U.S. Agric. Res. Serv. Rep. ARS-NC-12, 1-55, 1974.
  • 6. Jensen, M.E., Wright, J.L., The Role of Evapotranspiration Models in Irrigation Scheduling. Trans. ASAE 21:82- 87, 1978.
  • 7. Wright, J.L., Jensen, M.E., Development and Evaluation of Evapotranpiration Models for Irrigation Scheduling. Trans ASAE 21: 88-96, 1978.
  • 8. Heermann, D.F., Irrigation Scheduling. Operation Research in Agriculture. Ed.by D. Yaron, C. Tapiero. Norch-Holland Publ. Comp. pp. 501-516, 1980.
  • 9. Longenecker, D.E., Lyerly, P.J., Moisture Content of Cotton Leaves and Petioles as Related to Environmental Moisture stress. Agron. J. 61: 687-690, 1969.
  • 10 Namken, N.M., Barthoiic, J.F., Runkles, J.R., Monitoring Cotton Plant Stem Radius as an Indication of Water Stress Agron.J. 61: 891-893, 1969.
  • 11. Grimes, D.W., Yamada,H., Cotton Growth Related to Plant's Water Status. Calif. Agric. Nov.-Dec.,13-14, 1982.
  • 12. Idso, S.B., Allen, S.G., Kimball, B.A., Choudhury, B.J., Problems With Porometry: Measuring Net Photosynthesis by Leaf Chamber Techniques. Agron. J. 81: 475-479, 1989.
  • 13. Hiler, E.A., Clark, R.N., Stress Day index to Characterize Effect of Water stress on Crop Yields, Trans. ASAE 14: 757-761, 1971.
  • 14. Hiler, E.A., Howell, T.A., Lewis, R.B. Boss, R.B., Irrigation Timing by the Stress Day index Method. Trans. ASAE 14: 393-398, 1974.
  • 15. Stegman, E.C., Schiele, L.H., Bauer, A., Plant Water Stress Criteria for Irrigation Scheduling. Trans. ASAE 17: 850-855, 1976.
  • 16. Mogensen, V.O., Drought Sensitivity at Various Growth Stages of Barley in Relation to Relative Evapotranspiration and Water Stress. Agron. J. 72: 1033-1038, 1980.
  • 17. Ehrler, W.L., Cotton Leaf Temperature as Related to Soil Water Depletion and Meteorological Factors. Agron. J. 65: 404-409, 1973.
  • 18. Jackson, R.D., Canopy Temperature and Crop Water Stress. Advances in Irrigation, Vol.l. (Ed. by D.Hillel). Academic Press. New York, 43-85, 1982.
  • 19. Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., Reginato, R.J., Remote Sensing of Crop Yields. Science 196: 19-25, 1977.
  • 20. Jackson, R.D., Reginato, R.J., Idso, S.B. Wheat Canopy Temperature: A Practical Tool for Evaluating Water Requirements. Water Resour. Res. 13: 651-656, 1977.
  • 21. Gardner, B.R., Blad, B.L., Watts, D.G., Plant and Air Temperatures in Differentially Irrigated Corn Agric. Meteorol. 25: 207-217, 1981.
  • 22. Gardner, B.R., Blad, B.L., Garrity, D.P., Watts, D.G., Relationships Between Crop Temperature, Grain Yield, Evapotranspiration, and Phenological Development in Two Hybrids of Moisture' Stressed Sorghum. Irrig. sci. 2: 213- 224, 1981.
  • 23. Clawson, K.L., Blad, B.L., Infrared Thermometry for Scheduling Irrigation of Corn. Agron. J. 74: 311-316,1982.
  • 24. Diaz, R.A., Matthias, A.D., Hanks, R.J., Evapotranspira¬tion and Yield Estimation of Spring Wheat from Canopy Temperature. Agron. J. 75: 805-810, 1983.
  • 25. Clawson, K.L., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, Jr., P.J., Evaluating Plant Water Stress with Canopy Temperature Differences. Agron. J. 81: 858-863, 1989.
  • 26. Geiser, K.M., Slack, D.G., Allred, E.R., Stange, K.W., Irrigation Scheduling Using Crop Canopy-Air Temperature Difference. Trans. ASAE 25: 689-694, 1982.
  • 27. Throssell, C.S., Carrow, R.N., Milliken, G.A., Canopy Temperature Based Irrigation Scheduling Indices for Kentucky Bluegrass Turf. Crop. Sci. 27: 126-131, 1987.
  • 28. Jackson, R.D., Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J. Pinter, Jr. P.J., Canopy Temperature as a Crop Water Stress Indicator. Water Resour. Res. 17: 1133-1138, 1981.
  • 29. Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, Jr. P.J., Reginato, R.J., Hatfield, J.L., Normalizing the Stress-Degree-Day Parameter for Environmental variability. Agric. Meteorol. 24: 45-55, 1981.
  • 30. Hatfield, J.L., Measuring Plant Stress with an Infrared Thermometer. HortScience. 25: 1535-1538, 1990.
  • 31. Hatfield, J.L., Wanjura, D.F., Barker, G.L., Canopy Temperature Response to Water Stress under Partial Canopy. Trans. ASAE 28: 1607-1611, 1985.
  • 32. Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., Reicosky, D.C. Hatfield, J.L., Determining Soil-Induced Plant Water Potential Depressions in Alfalfa by Means of Infrared Thermometry. Agron. J. 73: 826-830, 1981.
  • 33. Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., Farah, S.M., Soil-and Atmosphere-Induced Plant Water Stress in Cotton as inferred from Foliage Temperatures, water Resour. Res. 18: 1143- 1148, 1982.
  • 34. Reginato, R.J., Field Quantification of Crop Water stress. Trans. ASAE 26: 772-775, 781, 1983.
  • 35. Howell, T.A., Hatfield, J.L., Yamada, H., Davis, K.R., Evaluation of Cotton Canopy Temperature to Detect Crop Water Stress. Trans. ASAE 27: 84-88, 1984.
  • 36. Reginato, R.J., Howe, J., Irrigation scheduling Using Crop Indicators. J.Irrig. Drain. Eng. 111: 125-133, 1985.
  • 37. Pinter, Jr., P.J., Reginato, R.J., A Thermal Infrared Technique for Monitoring Cotton Water Stress and Scheduling Irrigations. Trans. ASAE 25: 1651-1655, 1982 .
  • 38. Nielsen, D.C., Scheduling Irrigations for Soybeans with the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Field Crops Res., 23: 103-106, 1990.
  • 39. Yazar, A., Utilization of Infrared Thermometry Technique for Assessing Crop Water Stress and irrigation Scheduling for Soybean. Doga Tr.J. of Agriculture and Forestry, 14: 517-533, 1990.
  • 40. Nielsen, D.C., Gardner, B.R., Scheduling Irrigations for Corn with the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Appl. Agr. Res. 2: 295-300, 1987.
  • 41. Abdul-Jabbar, A.S., Lugg, D.G., Sammis, T.W., Gay, L.W., Relationships Between Crop Water Stress Index and Alfalfa Yield and Evapotranspiration. Trans. ASAE 28: 454-461, 1985 .
  • 42. Tubaileh, A.S., Sammis, T.W., Lugg, D.G., Utilization of Thermal Infrared Thermometry For Detection of Water Stress in Spring Barley. Agric. Water Management 12: 75-85, 1986.
  • 43. Howell, T.A., Musick, J.T., Tolk, J.A., Canopy Temperature of Irrigated Winter wheat. Trans. ASAE 29: 1692-1698, 1706, 1986.
  • 44. Niemiera, A.X., Goy, M., Use of Crop Water Stress Index to Schedule Irrigation of Freeway Landscape Plants. Hortscience 25: 302-305, 1990.
  • 45. Wanjura, D.F., Hatfield, J.L., Upchurch, D.R., Stress Index Relationships with Crop Productivity. ASAE paper No. SWR 88-102, 1980.

Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları

Year 1994, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 114 - 128, 01.12.1994

Abstract

Sulama programlaması, sulama zamanının ve uygulanacak su miktarının belirlenmesi olarak tanımlanan ve su kullanımının optimizasyonunu sağlayan bir kavramdır.
Günümüzde, sulama programlamasında toprağı, meteorolojik verileri ve bitkiyi esas alan bir çok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bitkiler, hem atmosfer hem de toprağa ilişkin çevrelerine tepki gösterdiklerinden doğrudan bitkiye ilişkin bazı parametrelerin ölçülmesi yoluyla sulama programlaması daha doğru bir yaklaşım olmaktadır.
Bu makalenin amacı, bitkiyi esas alan ölçümlerden yararlanarak bitki su stresini niceliksel olarak ifade eden değişik stres indekslerinin açıklanması ve bunların sulama zamanının belirlenmesinde kullanımlarının değerlendirmesidir. Bu amaçla Stresli Gün indeksi (SDI), Stres-Derece-Gün (SDD) Kavramı, Sıcaklık Stresli Gün (TSD) İndeksi, Taç Sıcaklığı Değişkenliği (CTV), Kritik Nokta Modeli (CPM) ve Bitki Su Stres indeksi (CWSI) olarak bilinen indeksler gözden geçirilmiştir.

References

  • 1. Hiler, E.A. , Howell, T.A., Bordovsky, D.G., Stress Day indeks... A New Concept for Irrigation Timing. Proc. of "Optimization of Irrigation and Drainage Systems". Amer. Soc. of Civ. Eng., New York, 579-595, 1972.
  • 2. Nakayama, F.S., Reginato, R.J., Simplifying Neutron Moisture Meter Calibration, Soil Sci. 133:48-52, 1982.
  • 3. Heermann, D.F., Jensen, M.E., Adapting Meteorological Approaches in Irrigation Scheduling to High Rainfall Areas. National Irrigation Symposium Papers, pp.10, 1970.
  • 4. Jensen, M.E., Consumptive Use of Water and Irrigation Water Requirements. Irrig. Drain. Div., Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng., New York, 1974.
  • 5. Kincaid, D.C., Heermann, D.F., Scheduling Irrigations Using a Programmable Calculator. U.S. Agric. Res. Serv. Rep. ARS-NC-12, 1-55, 1974.
  • 6. Jensen, M.E., Wright, J.L., The Role of Evapotranspiration Models in Irrigation Scheduling. Trans. ASAE 21:82- 87, 1978.
  • 7. Wright, J.L., Jensen, M.E., Development and Evaluation of Evapotranpiration Models for Irrigation Scheduling. Trans ASAE 21: 88-96, 1978.
  • 8. Heermann, D.F., Irrigation Scheduling. Operation Research in Agriculture. Ed.by D. Yaron, C. Tapiero. Norch-Holland Publ. Comp. pp. 501-516, 1980.
  • 9. Longenecker, D.E., Lyerly, P.J., Moisture Content of Cotton Leaves and Petioles as Related to Environmental Moisture stress. Agron. J. 61: 687-690, 1969.
  • 10 Namken, N.M., Barthoiic, J.F., Runkles, J.R., Monitoring Cotton Plant Stem Radius as an Indication of Water Stress Agron.J. 61: 891-893, 1969.
  • 11. Grimes, D.W., Yamada,H., Cotton Growth Related to Plant's Water Status. Calif. Agric. Nov.-Dec.,13-14, 1982.
  • 12. Idso, S.B., Allen, S.G., Kimball, B.A., Choudhury, B.J., Problems With Porometry: Measuring Net Photosynthesis by Leaf Chamber Techniques. Agron. J. 81: 475-479, 1989.
  • 13. Hiler, E.A., Clark, R.N., Stress Day index to Characterize Effect of Water stress on Crop Yields, Trans. ASAE 14: 757-761, 1971.
  • 14. Hiler, E.A., Howell, T.A., Lewis, R.B. Boss, R.B., Irrigation Timing by the Stress Day index Method. Trans. ASAE 14: 393-398, 1974.
  • 15. Stegman, E.C., Schiele, L.H., Bauer, A., Plant Water Stress Criteria for Irrigation Scheduling. Trans. ASAE 17: 850-855, 1976.
  • 16. Mogensen, V.O., Drought Sensitivity at Various Growth Stages of Barley in Relation to Relative Evapotranspiration and Water Stress. Agron. J. 72: 1033-1038, 1980.
  • 17. Ehrler, W.L., Cotton Leaf Temperature as Related to Soil Water Depletion and Meteorological Factors. Agron. J. 65: 404-409, 1973.
  • 18. Jackson, R.D., Canopy Temperature and Crop Water Stress. Advances in Irrigation, Vol.l. (Ed. by D.Hillel). Academic Press. New York, 43-85, 1982.
  • 19. Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., Reginato, R.J., Remote Sensing of Crop Yields. Science 196: 19-25, 1977.
  • 20. Jackson, R.D., Reginato, R.J., Idso, S.B. Wheat Canopy Temperature: A Practical Tool for Evaluating Water Requirements. Water Resour. Res. 13: 651-656, 1977.
  • 21. Gardner, B.R., Blad, B.L., Watts, D.G., Plant and Air Temperatures in Differentially Irrigated Corn Agric. Meteorol. 25: 207-217, 1981.
  • 22. Gardner, B.R., Blad, B.L., Garrity, D.P., Watts, D.G., Relationships Between Crop Temperature, Grain Yield, Evapotranspiration, and Phenological Development in Two Hybrids of Moisture' Stressed Sorghum. Irrig. sci. 2: 213- 224, 1981.
  • 23. Clawson, K.L., Blad, B.L., Infrared Thermometry for Scheduling Irrigation of Corn. Agron. J. 74: 311-316,1982.
  • 24. Diaz, R.A., Matthias, A.D., Hanks, R.J., Evapotranspira¬tion and Yield Estimation of Spring Wheat from Canopy Temperature. Agron. J. 75: 805-810, 1983.
  • 25. Clawson, K.L., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, Jr., P.J., Evaluating Plant Water Stress with Canopy Temperature Differences. Agron. J. 81: 858-863, 1989.
  • 26. Geiser, K.M., Slack, D.G., Allred, E.R., Stange, K.W., Irrigation Scheduling Using Crop Canopy-Air Temperature Difference. Trans. ASAE 25: 689-694, 1982.
  • 27. Throssell, C.S., Carrow, R.N., Milliken, G.A., Canopy Temperature Based Irrigation Scheduling Indices for Kentucky Bluegrass Turf. Crop. Sci. 27: 126-131, 1987.
  • 28. Jackson, R.D., Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J. Pinter, Jr. P.J., Canopy Temperature as a Crop Water Stress Indicator. Water Resour. Res. 17: 1133-1138, 1981.
  • 29. Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, Jr. P.J., Reginato, R.J., Hatfield, J.L., Normalizing the Stress-Degree-Day Parameter for Environmental variability. Agric. Meteorol. 24: 45-55, 1981.
  • 30. Hatfield, J.L., Measuring Plant Stress with an Infrared Thermometer. HortScience. 25: 1535-1538, 1990.
  • 31. Hatfield, J.L., Wanjura, D.F., Barker, G.L., Canopy Temperature Response to Water Stress under Partial Canopy. Trans. ASAE 28: 1607-1611, 1985.
  • 32. Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., Reicosky, D.C. Hatfield, J.L., Determining Soil-Induced Plant Water Potential Depressions in Alfalfa by Means of Infrared Thermometry. Agron. J. 73: 826-830, 1981.
  • 33. Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., Farah, S.M., Soil-and Atmosphere-Induced Plant Water Stress in Cotton as inferred from Foliage Temperatures, water Resour. Res. 18: 1143- 1148, 1982.
  • 34. Reginato, R.J., Field Quantification of Crop Water stress. Trans. ASAE 26: 772-775, 781, 1983.
  • 35. Howell, T.A., Hatfield, J.L., Yamada, H., Davis, K.R., Evaluation of Cotton Canopy Temperature to Detect Crop Water Stress. Trans. ASAE 27: 84-88, 1984.
  • 36. Reginato, R.J., Howe, J., Irrigation scheduling Using Crop Indicators. J.Irrig. Drain. Eng. 111: 125-133, 1985.
  • 37. Pinter, Jr., P.J., Reginato, R.J., A Thermal Infrared Technique for Monitoring Cotton Water Stress and Scheduling Irrigations. Trans. ASAE 25: 1651-1655, 1982 .
  • 38. Nielsen, D.C., Scheduling Irrigations for Soybeans with the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Field Crops Res., 23: 103-106, 1990.
  • 39. Yazar, A., Utilization of Infrared Thermometry Technique for Assessing Crop Water Stress and irrigation Scheduling for Soybean. Doga Tr.J. of Agriculture and Forestry, 14: 517-533, 1990.
  • 40. Nielsen, D.C., Gardner, B.R., Scheduling Irrigations for Corn with the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Appl. Agr. Res. 2: 295-300, 1987.
  • 41. Abdul-Jabbar, A.S., Lugg, D.G., Sammis, T.W., Gay, L.W., Relationships Between Crop Water Stress Index and Alfalfa Yield and Evapotranspiration. Trans. ASAE 28: 454-461, 1985 .
  • 42. Tubaileh, A.S., Sammis, T.W., Lugg, D.G., Utilization of Thermal Infrared Thermometry For Detection of Water Stress in Spring Barley. Agric. Water Management 12: 75-85, 1986.
  • 43. Howell, T.A., Musick, J.T., Tolk, J.A., Canopy Temperature of Irrigated Winter wheat. Trans. ASAE 29: 1692-1698, 1706, 1986.
  • 44. Niemiera, A.X., Goy, M., Use of Crop Water Stress Index to Schedule Irrigation of Freeway Landscape Plants. Hortscience 25: 302-305, 1990.
  • 45. Wanjura, D.F., Hatfield, J.L., Upchurch, D.R., Stress Index Relationships with Crop Productivity. ASAE paper No. SWR 88-102, 1980.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ruhi Baştuğ This is me

Publication Date December 1, 1994
Published in Issue Year 1994 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baştuğ, R. (1994). Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 7(1), 114-128.
AMA Baştuğ R. Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. December 1994;7(1):114-128.
Chicago Baştuğ, Ruhi. “Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri Ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 7, no. 1 (December 1994): 114-28.
EndNote Baştuğ R (December 1, 1994) Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 7 1 114–128.
IEEE R. Baştuğ, “Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 114–128, 1994.
ISNAD Baştuğ, Ruhi. “Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri Ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 7/1 (December 1994), 114-128.
JAMA Baştuğ R. Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 1994;7:114–128.
MLA Baştuğ, Ruhi. “Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri Ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 7, no. 1, 1994, pp. 114-28.
Vancouver Baştuğ R. Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 1994;7(1):114-28.