Oğlaklarda Erken Sütten Kesim

Year 1991, Volume: 4 Issue: 1-2, 115 - 128, 01.12.1991

M. Şükrü Yargıcı

Abstract

Sütten kesim, sütle beslemeden tamamen katı yemlerle beslemeye geçiş olarak tanımlanabilir. Doğumdan oğlağın hiç süt tüketmediği döneme kadar devam eden sütle besleme süresi, yetiştirme sistemine ve benzeri nedenlere bağlı olarak, 3 haftadan 6-7 aya kadar değişebilmektedir.
Sütten kesimin, ileriki dönem verimlerini olumsuz etkilememek koşuluyla mümkün olduğunca erken yapılması gerekir. Uzun süre sütle besleme rumen gelişmesinde gecikmeye neden olmaktadır. Rumenin toplam mideye olan oranı doğumdan 4 aylık yaşa kadar artmaktadır. Aynı dönemde abomasumun oranı ise azalmaktadır. Erken sütten kesme pazarlanabilir süt miktarını arttırdığı ve işgücü ihtiyacını azalttığı gibi, rumen gelişmesini de olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.
Yaştan ziyade canlı ağırlığın, oğlakların sütten kesim çağını belirleyen iyi bir kriter olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Şu durumda 7 haftadan önce veya erkekleri 10 kg dişileri 9 kg canlı ağırlığa ulaşmadan sütten kesim, üzerinde dikkatle düşünülmesi ve araştırılması gereken bir konudur. Bu konuda ülkemizde yapılan araştırma sayısı son derece sınırlıdır.

Keywords

Oğlak, Süt, katı yeml

Early Weaning In Kids

Abstract

The weaning period is defined as a passage from milk feeding to solid feeding. The milk feeding period lasts from birth till the time when the kid does not consume milk anymore. The weaning period considerably varies according to breeding system. This period lasts from 3 weeks to about 6-7 months.
The weaning should be as short as possible to keep the productions at optimal levels. The long milk feeding causes slow rumen development. Proportion of rumen to stomach in per cent increases with age from birth to 4th month. Meanwhile, the proportion of abomasum decreases with age in the same period. Early weaning increases the marketable milk production, reduces labor costs and affects the rumen development in a favorable direction.
The weight of a kid is a better criterion to decide the moment of weaning rather than the age. Under the contitions in Türkiye, the very important task is to search and consider whether after the 7th week from the birth is appropriate for weaning the kids is good or not. In this period of time, male kids reache up to 10 kg live weight and female kids reache up to 9 kg live weight. There is a limited number of researches conducted on this problem in Türkiye.

Keywords

Kids, Weaning, solid feeding

References

• Anonymous, 1979. Elevage Des Jeunes Caprins. ITOVIC. 149, rue de 'Bsrcy. 75579, Paris, Cedex 12.
• Anonymous, 1989. Türkiye istatistik Yıllığı 1989. T.C.Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, Yayın no: 1405, Ankara.
• Fehr, P.M. ve R.Dısset, 1969. Alimentation des chevreaux destines a la boucherie. Journee Association Francaise de Zootechnie, 16-18 December 1969, Tome 2, rapport 39.
• Fehr, P.M., 1971. Methodes d'alimentation des cheurettes destinees a la production laitiere. 10th International Congress of Animal Science, Versailles, 20-23 Juillet 1971.
• Fehr, P.M., 1972. Repercuision du poids au sevrage sur les performances de croissance des cheurettes. 2nd World Congress on Animal Feeding, Madrid, 23-28 Octobre 1972, 5: 363-373.
• Fehr, P.M., 1975. L'allaitement artificiel des jeunes caprins. In: L'allaitement artificiel des agneaux et des chevreaux. Editions SEI-CNRA Versailles, 83-105.
• Fehr, P.M. ve J.Hervieu, 1975. Effect de la distribution de 6 ou 9 kg d'aliment d'allaitement et de sa repartition dans le temps sur les performances de cheurettes. Document ITOVIC, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris.
• Fehr, P.M. ve D. Sauvant, 1976. Production de chevreaux lourds. 1. Influence del'age et du mode de seurage sur les performances des cheureaux abattus a 26, 5-29 kg, Annales de Zootechnie, 25: 243-257.
• Hamada, T., S. Maeda ve K. Kameoka, 1976. Factors influencing growth of rumen, liuer and other organs in kids weaned from milk replacers to solid foods. J.Dairy Sci., 59: 1110-1118.
• Hofman, J., S. Bartos ve L. Emanuel, 1975. Development of glycemia and changes in the concentration of fatty acids in the blood of kids during growth. Ziuocisna Vyrola, 20(3): 241-248.
• Louca, A., A. Mavrogenis ve M.J., Lawlor, 1975. The effect of early weaning on the lactation performance of Damascus goats and the growth rate of the kids. Animal Production, 20: 213-218.
• Lu, C.D., T.H. Teh, M.J. Potchoıba ve E.N. Escobar, 1984. Weaning goat kids. Inuited Paper. In: Proceedings of First National Conference on Goat Production. P. 3-16, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, September 20-22.
• Lu, C.D. ve M.J. Potchoiba, 1988 a. Nutrition and Management of Growing Goats. Proceedings of the Third Annual Field Day of the American Institute for Goat Research. Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73030, October 29, 1988.
• Lu, C.D. ue M.J. Potchoiba, 1988 b. Intake and weight gain of growing goats fed diets of various energy and protein levels. J.Anim. Sci. Submitted for publication.
• Lu, C.D., M.J. Potchoiba, T.Sahlu ve F. Pinkerton, 1988. Effect of prolonged milk feeding on growth, organ development and carcass characteristics in goats. J. Anim. Sci., 67: Suppl. 1: (accepted).
• Morand-Fehr, P., J. Hervıeu, P. Bas ve D. Sauvant, 1982. Feeding of Young Goats. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Goat Production and Disease. January 10 to 15, 1982, Tuscan, U.S.A.
• Mowlem, A., 1979. Milk replacer for kid rearing. British Goat Society Year Book, 54-57.
• Mowlem, A., 1981. Recent advences in kid rearing. British Goat Society Monthly Journal, March 1981, 41-42.
• Opstvedt, T., 1969. Norwegian experiments on nutrition and milk quality in goats. In: Grassland in sheep and goat production, ed. by Speedding C.R.W. EAAP, Report no. 2, study commission on animal nutrition. 
• Owen, J. B., D.A.R. Davies ve W.J. Rigman, 1969. The control of voluntary food intake in ruminants. Animal Production, 11: 511-520.
• Owen, E. ve P.de Paiva, 1980. Artificiel rearing of 9°at kids: effect of age at weaning and milk-substitute restriction on performance to slaughter weight. Animal Production, 30(3): 480.
• Raun, S.N., 1982. The emerging role of goats in world food production. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Goat Production and Disease. January 10 to 15, 1982, Tuscon, U.S.A.
• Riera, S., 1982. Reproductive efficiecy and management in goats. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Goat Production and Disease. January 10 to 15, 1982. Tuscon, U.S.A.
• Sauvant, D., P.Bas ve P.Morand-Fehr, 1979. Production de chevreaux lourds. 2. Influence du niveau d'ingestion de lait et du sevrage sur les performances et la composition du tissu adipeux. annales de Zootechnie 28(1): 73-92.
• Skjevdal, T., 1974. Milk feeding of kids. Report no. 173, Vol. 53, NR. 39. Department of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University of Norway.
• Spedding, C.R. ve G. Charlet-Levy, 1967. Le sevrage precoce des agneaux. World Review of Animal Production, 3(11): 97-109.
• Staub, G., 1974. Utilisation comparee de la feverole graine a differentes sources azotees sur chevreaux. Memoire de fin d'etudes ENSSAA Dijon, France.