Bitki Su-Verim (Üretim) Fonksiyonları

Year 1989, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 33 - 49, 01.12.1989

Ruhi Baştuğ

Abstract

Etkin ve yüksek verimli bitkisel üretim için önemli bir girdi olan suyun en iyi biçimde kullanılması gerekir. Bu ise, farklı yetişme koşullarında yağış ve sulama yoluyla sağlanan suyun bitki gelişimi ve verimi üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılmasıyla mümkündür.
Günümüzde su ekonomistleri ve mühendisler, sulanan başlıca bitkilerin eksik(kısıntılı) sulama koşullarındaki verimlerini ve sağlayacakları gelirleri kestirebilen su-verim(üretim) fonksiyonlarına gereksinim duymaktadırlar.
Verim ve su kullanımı arasındaki ilişki; sulamanın ekonomik değerinin belirlenmesi, farklı sulama rejimlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve optimum sulama düzeylerinin saptanması açısından oldukça önemlidir.
Bu makalede, bitki su-verim fonksiyonu kavramının açıklanması, günümüze değin geliştirilen bazı su-verim fonksiyonlarının gözden geçirilmesi ve kullanılan yaklaşımların özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Bitki Su, Verim, irrigation

Crop Water-Production Functions

Abstract

For high yielded crop production, as an important input, water must be use effectively. This İs possible, when we learn the effects of the water supplied by means of rainfall and irrigation, on the crop growth and yield, under different cropping conditions.
Today, water economists and engineers require methods for developing water- production functions useful in estimating yield and profits, for main irrigated crops under water-deficit conditions.
Crop yield vs. water use relationships can provide a basis for assessing the economic value of irrigation, the relative performance of alternate scheduling methods, the optimum levels of irrigation.
The purpose of this article were to describe the concept of the water- production function, to review some of the water-production functions which developed until now and to summarize the main approaches.

Keywords

Crop, Water, irrigation

References

• Barrett,J.H.H. and G.V.Skogerboe, 1980. Crop Production Functions and the Allocation and Use of Irrigation Water. Agric. Water management, 3, 53-64.
• Doorenbos,J. and W.O.Pruitt, 1977. Guidelines for Predicting Crop Hater Require¬ments. FAO Irrig. Drain. Paper 24, Rome, 144 pp.
• Doorenbos.J. and A.H.Kassam, 1979. Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrig. Drain. Paper 33, Rome, 193 pp.
• Dudley.N.J., G.T.Howell and H.F.flusgrave, 1971. Optimal Interseasonal Water Allocation. Water Resour. Res., 7, 770-778.
• Hall.W.A. and W.S.Butcher, 1968. Optimal Timing of Irrigation. J.Irrig. Drain. Div., 94, 267-275.
• Hanks,R.J., 1974. Model for Predicting Plant Yield as Influenced by Water Use. Agron.3., 66, 660-665.
• Hanks,R.J., J,Keller, V.P.Rasmussen and G.D.Wilson, 1976. Line Source Sprinkler Tor Continuous Variable Irrigation-Crop Production Studies. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.J. 40, 426-429.
• Hanks,R.J., 1983. Yield and Water-Use Relationships: An Overview. Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production (Taylor,H.M., et.al., Ed.) Amer. Soc.Agron.Inc., 393-411.
• Hexem.R.W. and E.O.Heady, 1978. Water Production Functions for Irrigated Agriculture. The Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa, 215 pp.
• Hiler.E.A. and R.M.Clark, 1971. Stress Day Index to Characterize Effects of Water Stress on Crop Yield. Trans. ASAE, 14, 757-761.
• Hillel,0., 1987. The Efficient Use of Water in Irrigation. Principles and Practices for Improving Irrigation in Arid and Semiarid Regions. World Bank Tech. Paper No.64, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 107 pp.
• Hsiao,T.C., 1973. Plant Response to Water Stress. Annu. Rev. Plant. Phsiol., 24, 519-570.
• Hsiao,T.C. and E.Acevedo, 1974. Plant Responses to Water Deficits, Water-Use Efficiency and Draught Resistance. Agricultural Meteorology, 14, 59-84.
• Hsiao,T.C. and J.Jing, 1987. Leaf and Root Expansive Growth in Response to Water Deficits. Physiology of Cell Expansion During Plant Growth (Cosgrove,D.J. and Knievel,D.P., Eds.) The Amer. Soc. Plant Phys., 180-192.
• James.D.W., R.J.Hanks and J.J.Jurinak, 1982. Crop, Soil and Irrigation Relations. Modem Irrigated Soils. John Wiley and Sons., 17-31.
• Jensen,M.E., I968. Water Consumption by Agricultural Plants.' Water Deficits and Plant Growth, Vol. 2(Kozlouski,T.T., Ed.) Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1- 22.
• Maurer,R.E., D.G.Watts, C.Y.Sullivan and J.R.Gilley, 1979. Irrigation Scheduling and Drought-Stress Conditioning in Corn. ASAE Paper No.79-2509. St.Joseph, Michigan.
• Musick,J.T. and D.A.Dusek, 1971. Grain Sorghum Response to Number, Timing, and Size of Irrigations in the Southern. High Plains. Trans. ASAE, 14, 401/410.
• Rao.N.H., P.B.S.Sarma and S.Chander, 1988. A Simple Dated Water-Production Function for Use in Irrigated Agriculture. Agric. Water Management, 13, 25-32.
• Sammis,T.W., 1981. Yield of Alfalfa arid Cotton as Influenced by Irrigation. Agron. J., 73, 323-329.
• Stegman,E.C., R.J.Hanks, J.T.Musick and D.G.Watts, 1981. Irrigation Water Management-Adequate or Limited Water. Irrigation Challanges of BO's. Pub.ASAE, St.Joseph, Michigan, 154-165.
• Stewart,J.I. and R.M.Hagan, 1969.. Predicting Effects of Water Shortage on Crop Yield. J. Irrig. Drain. Div., Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng., 95, 91-104.
• Stewart,J.I. and R.M.Hagan, 1973. Functions to Predict Effects of Crop Water Deficits. J.Irrig. Drain. Div., Amer. Soc. Civ. Eing., 99 , 421-439.
• Stewart,J.I., R.M.Hagan, W.O.Pruitt and W.A.Hall, 1973. Water Production Functions and Irrigation Programming for Greater Economy in Project and Irrigation System Design and for Increased Efficienciy in Water Use. Report 14-06- D-7329. univ. Calif., Davis, CA., 200 pp.
• Stewart,J.I., R.O.Misra, W.O.Pruitt and R.M.Hagan, 1975. Irrigation Corn and Grain Sorghum with a Deficient Water Supply. Trans. ASAE, 18, 270-280.
• Stewart,J.1., R.M.Hagan and W.O.Pruitt, 1976. Water Production Functions and Predicted Irrigation Programs for Principal Crops as Required for Water Resources Planning and Increased Water Use Efficiency. Tech. Completion Report 14-06-0-7329. Univ. Calif., Davis, CA., 80 pp.
• Vaux,H.J.Jr. and W.0.Pruitt, 1983. Crop-Water Production Functions. Advances in Irrigation, Vol.2 (Hillel, D., Ed.)Academic Press, Inc., New York, 61-97.