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Features and Usage Areas of MicroRNAs as Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors

Year 2009, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.03.2009

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA of 19–24 nucleotides in length that were discovered 12 years ago by Victor Ambros and colleagues. They are important regulatory molecules in animals and plants. MicroRNAs are downregulate gene expression during various crucial cell processes such as apoptosis, differentiation and development. In addition, some miRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. More than 50% of miRNA genes are located in cancer-associated genomic regions or in fragile sites. Overexpressed miRNAs in cancers, such as mir17–92, may function as oncogenes and promote cancer development by negatively regulating tumor suppressor genes and genes that control cell differentiation or apoptosis. Underexpressed miRNAs in cancers, such as let–7, function as tumor suppressor genes and may inhibit cancers by regulating oncogenes and genes that control cell differentiation or apoptosis. miRNA expression profiles may become useful biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.

References

  • Meister G, Landthaler M, Dorsett Y, et al: Sequence-specific inhibition of microRNA- and siRNA-induced RNA silencing. RNA, 2004; 10: 544–550.
  • Jiang JM, Lee EJ, Gusev Y, et al: Real-time expression profiling of microRNA precursors in human cancer cell lines. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33: 5394–5403.
  • Hammond SM: MicroRNAs as oncogenes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2006; 16: 4–9.
  • Hayashita Y, Osada H, Tatematsu Y, et al: Apolycistronic microRNA cluster, miR17–92, is overexpressed in human lung cancers and enhances cell proliferation. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 9628–9632.
  • O'Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Zeller KI, et al: c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression. Nature 2005; 435: 839–843.
  • Pasquinelli AE, Reinhart BJ, Slack F, et al: Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA. Nature 2000; 408: 86–89.
  • Calin GA, Liu CG, Sevignani C, et al: MicroRNA profiling reveals distinct signatures in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004; 101: 11755–11760.

Onkogen ve Tumör Supressör Gen Olan miRNA'ların Özellikleri ve Kullanım Alanları

Year 2009, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.03.2009

Abstract

MicroRNA'lar (miRNA) 12 yıl önce Victor Ambross ve arkadaşları tarafından keşfedilen 19-24 nükleotid uzunluğunda küçük kodlanmayan RNA'lardır. Hayvanlarda ve bitkilerde önemli düzenleyici moleküllerdir. Apopitozis, farklılaşma ve gelişme gibi önemli hücre prosesleri sırasında gen ekspresyonunda düzenleyici rol oynamaktadır. Ek olarak, bazı miRNA'lar onkogen ve tümor supresör olarak da fonksiyon göstermektedir. miRNA'ların % 50'den fazlası kanserle ilişkili genomik bölgelerde ya da kolay kırılabilen bölgelerde yer almaktadır. Kanserde miRNA'nın aşırı eksprese olması, miR17–92 gibi, onkogen olarak fonksiyon gösterebilir ve hücre farklılaşması ya da apopitozisi kontrol eden genleri ve tümor baskılayıcı genleri negatif olarak düzenleyerek kanser gelişmesinde rol oynarlar. Kanserde miRNA'nın az eksprese olması, let-7 gibi, tümor baskılayıcı olarak fonksiyon gösterir ve onkogen veya hücre farklılaşmasını yada apopitozisi kontrol eden genleri düzenleyerek kanseri engelleyebilir.

References

  • Meister G, Landthaler M, Dorsett Y, et al: Sequence-specific inhibition of microRNA- and siRNA-induced RNA silencing. RNA, 2004; 10: 544–550.
  • Jiang JM, Lee EJ, Gusev Y, et al: Real-time expression profiling of microRNA precursors in human cancer cell lines. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33: 5394–5403.
  • Hammond SM: MicroRNAs as oncogenes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2006; 16: 4–9.
  • Hayashita Y, Osada H, Tatematsu Y, et al: Apolycistronic microRNA cluster, miR17–92, is overexpressed in human lung cancers and enhances cell proliferation. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 9628–9632.
  • O'Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Zeller KI, et al: c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression. Nature 2005; 435: 839–843.
  • Pasquinelli AE, Reinhart BJ, Slack F, et al: Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA. Nature 2000; 408: 86–89.
  • Calin GA, Liu CG, Sevignani C, et al: MicroRNA profiling reveals distinct signatures in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004; 101: 11755–11760.
There are 7 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

G. Şeyda Şeydel

Kıymet Aksoy This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Şeydel GŞ, Aksoy K. Onkogen ve Tumör Supressör Gen Olan miRNA'ların Özellikleri ve Kullanım Alanları. aktd. March 2009;18(1):1-12.