Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Molecular Features

Year 2018, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 1 - 17, 31.03.2018

Mustafa Emre

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.329803

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Electrobiophysical records obtained from cells such as neuron, muscle and endocrine have revealed that there are calcium (Ca2+) currents with distinctive characteristics which can be activated by voltage. Calcium channels have been categorized as low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (LVA), low-threshold calcium channels and high-voltage activated calcium channels (HVA), high-threshold calcium channels in terms of calcium channels activation. Voltage-gated calcium channels have been classified with respect to their activation and inactivation kinetics, ion characteristics, the permeability and their sensitivity to drug and the toxin. Voltage-dependent calcium channels have different distributions in the tissues and show different characteristics in different tissues. In this review, the available information about voltage-gated calcium channels have been summarized. 

Keywords

Calcium channels, subfamilies

Voltaj Kapılı Kalsiyum Kanalları ve Moleküller Özellikleri

Abstract

Nöron, kas ve endokrin gibi hücrelerden elde edilen elektrobiyofizik kayıtlar, belirgin karakteristiklere sahip ve voltajla aktive edilebilen kalsiyum (Ca2+) akımların olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kalsiyum kanalları aktivasyon durumlarına göre düşük voltajla aktive olan (LVA), düşük eşikli kalsiyum kanallar ve yüksek voltajla aktive olan (HVA), yüksek eşikli kalsiyum kanalları olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Voltaj kapılı kalsiyum kanalları; aktivasyon ve inaktivasyon kinetiklerine, iyon özelliklerine, geçirgenliklerine, ilaç ve toksinlere olan duyarlıklarına göre sınıflandırılmışlar. Voltaj bağımlı kalsiyum kanalların dokulardaki dağılımları farklı olup, değişik dokularda değişik karekteristikler gösterirler. Bu derlemede, voltaj kapılı kalsiyum kanallarıyla ilgili mevcut bilgiler özetlenmiştir. 

Keywords

Kalsiyum kanalları, altaile

References

• 1. William AC, Edward PR, Terrance PS, Joerg S. International union of pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2005; 57 (4) 411-425.
• 2. Bezanilla F. The voltage sensor in voltage-dependent ion channels. Physiological Reviews.2000; 80(2), 555-589.
• 3. Catterall WA, Curtis BM. Molecular properties of voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Soc Gen Physiol. 1987; 41: 201-213.
• 4. Campbell KP, Leung AT, Sharp AH. The biochemistry and molecular biology of the dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channel. Trends Neurosci. 1988; 11: 425-430.
• 5. Catterall WA, Seagar MJ, Takahashi M. Molecular properties of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem. 1988; 263: 3535-3538.
• 6. Glossmann H, Striessnig J. Molecular properties of calcium channels. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1990; 114: 1-105.
• 7. Dolphin A. Mechanism of modulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by g proteins. Journal of Physiology. 1998; 506(1), 3-11.
• 8. Catterall WA. Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca+2 channels. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000; 16: 521–555.
• 9. Catterall WA. Structure and function of voltage-gated ıon channels. Molecular biology of membrane transport disorders, 2nd ed (Ed GS Stanley): 129-142. New-York, Plenum Press,1996.
• 10. Tanabe T, Takeshima H, Mikami A, Flockerzi V, Takahashi H, Kangawa K at al. Primary structure of the receptor for calcium channel blockers from skeletal muscle. Nature. 1987; 328: 313-318.
• 11. Mori Y, Friedrich T, Kim MS, Mikami A, Nakai J, Ruth P at al. Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a brain calcium channel. Nature. 1991; 350: 398-402.
• 12. Williams ME, Feldman DH, McCue AF, Brenner R, Veliçelebi G, Ellis SB at al. Structure and functional expression of α1, α2, and β subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype. Neuron.1992; 8: 71-84.
• 13. Soong TW, Stea A, Hodson CD, Dubel SJ, Vincent SR, Snutch TP. Structure and functional expression of a member of the low voltage-activated calcium channel family. Science.1993; 260: 1133-1136.
• 14. Cribbs LL, Lee JH, Yang J, Satin J, Zhang Y, Daud A at al. Cloning and characterization of alpha1H from human heart, a member of the T-type Ca2+ channel gene family. Circulation Research. 1998; 83: 103-109.
• 15. Lee JH, Daud AN, Cribbs LL, Lacerda AE, Pereverzev A, Klöckner U at al. Cloning and expression of a novel member of the low voltage-activated T-type calcium channel family. J Neurosci. 1999; 19: 1912-1921.
• 16. McKenna E, Koch WJ, Slish DF, Schwartz A. Toward an understanding of the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990 Apr 1; 39(7):1145-50.
• 17. Ruth P, Röhrkasten A, Biel M, Bosse E, Regulla S, Meyer HE, Flockerzi V, Hofmann F. Primary structure of the beta subunit of the DHP-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle. Science. 1989 Sep 8; 245(4922):1115-8.
• 18.Varadi G, Lory P, Schultz D, Varadi M, Schwartz A. Acceleration of activation and inactivation by the beta subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel. Nature. 1991 Jul 11; 352(6331):159-62
• 19. Singer D, Biel M, Lotan I, Flockerzi V, Hofmann F, Dascal N.The roles of the subunits in the function of the calcium channel. Science. 1991 Sep 27; 253(5027):1553-7.
• 20. Glossmann H, Striessnig J, Hymel L, Schindler H. Purified L-type calcium channels: only one single polypeptide (α1-subunit) carries the drug receptor domains and is regulated by protein kinases. Biomed Biochim Acta.1987; 46: 351-356.
• 21. Birnbaumer L, Campbell KP, Catterall WA, Harpold MM, Hofmann F, Horne WA at al. The naming of voltage-gated calcium channels. Neuron. 1994; 13: 505-506.
• 22. Ellis SB, Williams ME, Ways NR, Brenner R, Sharp AH, Leung AT et al. Sequence and expression of mRNAs encoding the α1 and α2 subunits of a DHP-sensitive calcium channel. Science. 1988; 241: 1661-1664.
• 23. De Jongh KS, Warner C, Catterall WA. Subunits of purified calcium channels. α2 and δ are encoded by the same gene. J Biol Chem. 1990; 265: 14738-14741.
• 24. Klugbauer N, Lacinová L, Marais E, Hobom M, Hofmann F. Molecular diversity of the calcium channel alpha2delta subunit. J Neurosci. 1999; 19: 684-691.
• 25. Bosse E, Regulla S, Biel M, Ruth P, Meyer HE, Flockerzi V et al. The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of the γ subunit of the L-type calcium channel from rabbit skeletal muscle. Febs Lett. 1990; 267: 153-156.
• 26. Eberst R, Dai S, Klugbauer N, Hofmann F. Identification and functional characterization of a calcium channel gamma subunit. Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology. 1997; 433: 633-637.
• 27. Black JL, Lennon VA. Identification and cloning of putative human neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel gamma-2 and gamma-3 subunits: neurologic implications. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1999; 74: 357-361.
• 28.Letts VA, Felix R, Biddlecome GH, Arikkath J, Mahaffey CL, Valenzuela A et al. The mouse stargazer gene encodes a neuronal Ca2+-channel gamma subunit. Nature Genetics. 1998; 19: 340-347.
• 29. Gurkoff G, Shahlaie K, Lyeth B, Berman R. Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Antagonists and Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceuticals. 2013; 6: 788-812
• 30. Reuter H. The dependence of slow inward current in Purkinje fibres on the extracellular calcium-concentration J Physiol. 1967 Sep;192(2):479-92.
• 31. Carbone E, Lux HD. A low voltage-activated, fully inactivating Ca2+ channel in vertebrate sensory neurones. Nature. 1984; 310: 501-502.
• 32.Tsien RW, Fox AP, Hess P, McCleskey EW, Nilius B, Nowycky MC at al. Multiple types of calcium channel in excitable cells. Soc Gen Physiol. 1987; Ser 41: 167-187.
• 33.Llinás R, Sugimori M, Hillman DE, Cherksey B. Distribution and functional significance of the P-type, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the mammalian central nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 1992; 15: 351-355.
• 34. Tsien RW, Tsien RY. Calcium Channels, Stores and Oscillations. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1990; 6: 715-60.
• 35.Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J. International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and StructureFunction Relationships of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Pharmacological Reviews. 2005; 57: 411-425.
• 36.Dolphin AC. G protein modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels. Pharmacological Reviews. 2003; 55: 607-627.
• 37. Eric RK, James HS, Thomas MJ, Steven AS, Hudspeth AJ. Principles of Neural Science. 5th Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2013.
• 38. Mikami A, Imoto K, Tanabe T, Niidome T, Mori Y, Takeshima H et al. Primary structure and FUNCTİONAL expression of the cardiac dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. Nature.1989; 340: 230-233.
• 39.Williams ME, Feldman DH, McCue AF, Brenner R, Veliçelebi G, Ellis SB et al. Structure and functional expression of α1, α2, and β subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype. Neuron. 1992; 8: 71-84.
• 40. Bech-Hansen NT, Naylor MJ, Maybaum TA, Pearce WG, Koop B, Fishman GA et al. Loss-of-function mutations in a calcium-channel alpha1-subunit gene in Xp11.23 cause incomplete X-linked congenital stationary night blindness.Nature Genetics. 1998;19: 264-267.
• 41. Chang FC, Hosey MM. Dihydropyridine and phenylalkylamine receptors associated with cardiac and skeletal muscle calcium channels are structurally different. The Journal of Biological Chemistry.1988; 263(35): 18929-18937.
• 42. Gupta D. A revıew on calcıum channel & ıts blockers. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012; 3: 57-61.
• 43.Hirning LD, Fox AP, McCleskey EW, Olivera BM, Thayer S A. Dominant role of N-type calcium channels in evoked release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons, Science. 1988; 239: 57-61.
• 44.Tsien, RW, Tsien RY. Calcium channels, stores, and oscillations. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1990; 6: 715-60.
• 45. Rane SG, Holz GG, Dunlap K. Dihydropyridine inhibition of neuronal calcium current and substance p release. Pflugers Arch. 1987; 409: 361-366.
• 46. Janis RA, Shrikhande AV, McCarthy RT, Howard AD, Greguski R, Scriabine A. Isolation and characterization of a fraction from brain that ınhibits 1,4-[3h]dihydroopyridine binding and L-type calcium channel current. FEBS Letters.1988; 239(2): 233-236.
• 47. Yue DT, Marban E. Permeation in the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. Multi-ıon occupancy but no anomalous mole-fraction effect between Ba2+ and Ca2+. J Gen Physiol. 1990; 95: 911-939.
• 48. Llinás R, Sugimori JW, Cherksey B. Blocking and Isolation of a Calcium Channel from Neurons in Mammals and Cephalopods Utilizing a Toxin Fraction (FTX) from Funnel-Web Spider Poison. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1989; 86: 1689-1693.
• 49. Adams ME, Bindokas VP, Hasegawa L, Venema VJ. Ω-agatoxins: novel calcium channel antagonists of two subtypes from funnel web spider (agelenopsis aperta) venom. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1990; 265(2): 861-867.
• 50.Yousef MF, Omar AH, Morsy MD, Abd El-Wahed MM. and Ghanayem NM. The mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, The International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2005; 13: 76-82.
• 51. Houman K, Gerald WZ. Voltage-gated calcium channels and İdiopathic generalized epilepsies. Physiol Rev. 2006; 86: 941–966.
• 52. Westenbroek RE, Hell JW, Warner C, Dubel SJ, Snutch TP, Catterall WA. Biochemical properties and subcellular distribution of an N-type calcium channel α1 subunit. Neuron. 1992; 9: 1099-1115.
• 53. Mills LR, Niesen CE, So AP, Carlen PL, Spigelman I, Jones OT. N-type Ca2+ channels are located on somata, dendrites, and a subpopulation of dendritic spines on live hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci. 1994; 14(11): 6815-24.
• 54. Williams ME, Brust PF, Feldman DH, Patthi S, Simerson S, Maroufi A et al. Structure and functional expression of an omega-conotoxin-sensitive human N-type calcium channel. Science. 1992; 257: 389-395.
• 55. Gribkoff VK. The role of voltage-gated calcium channels in pain and nociception.Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 2006; 17: 555–564
• 56. Perez-Reyes E. Molecular physiology of low-voltage-activated t-type calcium channels. Physiol Rev. 2003; 83: 117-161.
• 57. Aidley DJ, Stanfield PR. Ion channels: Molecules in action. 1th Edition, New York, Cambridge University Press, 59-100, 1996.
• 58. Terrance PS, Jean P, Eleanor M, John E. Molecular properties of voltage-gated calcium channels. (Eds Zamponi GW). Pages: 61-94, US, Plenum publishers, 2005.
• 59. Wormuth C, Lundt A, Henseler C, Müller R, Broich K, Papazoglou A et al. Review: Cav2.3 R-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels – functional implications in convulsive and non-convulsive seizure activity. The Open Neurology Journal. 2016; 10: 99-126.
• 60. Verret F, Wheeler G, Taylor AR, Farnham G, Brownlee C. Calcium channels in photosynthetic eukaryotes: implications for evolution of calcium-based signalling. New Phytol. 2010; 187: 23-43.
• 61. Horne WA, Ellinor PT, Inman I, Zhou M, Tsien RW, Schwarz TL. Molecular diversity of Ca2+ channel α1 subunits from the marine ray Discopyge ommata. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1993; 90: 3787-3791.
• 62. Moran Y, Barzilai MG, Liebeskind BJ, Zakon HH. Evolution of voltage-gated ion channels at the emergence of Metazoa. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 2015; 218: 515-525.
• 63. Greenberg DA.Calcium channels and calcium channel antagonists. Ann Neurol. 1987; 21(4): 317-30.
• 64. Edmonds B, Klein M, Dale N, Kandel ER. Contributions of two types of calcium channels to synaptic transmission and plasticity. Science. 1990; 250: 1142-1147.
• 65. Smith LA, Wang XJ, Peixoto AA, Neumann EK, Hall LM, Hall JC. A drosophila calcium channel α1 subunit gene maps to a genetic locus associated with behavioral and visual defects. J Neurosci. 1996; 16: 7868-7879.
• 66. Schafer WR, Kenyon CJ. A calcium-channel homologue required for adaptation to dopamine and serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 1995; 375: 73-78.
• 67. Grolleau F, Lapied B. Two distinct low-voltage-activated Ca2+ currents contribute to the pacemaker mechanism in cockroach dorsal unpaired median neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology.1996; 76: 963-976.
• 68. Lu J, Dalton JF, Stokes DR, Calabrese RL. Functional role of Ca2+ currents in graded and spike-mediated synaptic transmission between leech heart interneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1997; 77: 1779-1794.