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Sherrington ve Sinirbilimde Çığır Açan Çalışmaları

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 117 - 125, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1520304

Abstract

Bu yazıda, sinir sistemi fizyolojisi ve sinirbilim alanındaki en temel kavramları ortaya koyan Sherrington'ın hayatı ve çalışmaları ele alınmaktadır. Sherrington bilimsel çalışmalarını yürütürken, döneminin toplumsal, iktisadi ve siyasi koşulları oldukça etkili olmuştur. Özellikle 17. yüzyılda İngiltere'de başlayan burjuva devrimleri ve sanayi devrimi, beraberinde teknoloji alanında bir sıçramayı da getirerek bilimsel araştırmalara büyük etki yapmıştır. Sherrington'ın nörofizyoloji çalışmaları, Londra'daki St. Thomas Hastanesi'nde başlamış ve zamanla refleks, sinaps, motor birim, proprioseptif duyu, resiprokal inhibisyon gibi kavramları ortaya koymuştur. Hayvan deneylerine önem veren Sherrington, özellikle deserebre hayvanları kullanarak refleks mekanizmalarını incelemiştir. Aynı zamanda, sinir sistemi ile ilgili birçok kural ve fenomeni açıklamıştır. 1932'de Tıp/Fizyoloji alanında Nobel ödülünü kazanan Sherrington sinirbilim, nörofizyoloji ve nöroloji gibi alanlara büyük bir katkı sağlamıştır.

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References

  • 1 Drouin, E., Hammond, E.J., Hautecoeur, P., Charles Sherrington’s apparatus. Lancet Neurol. 2022; 21:508. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00181-8 (3)
  • 2 Nalçacı, E., Bilim Tarihinin Neresindeyiz? In Tarihselci Yöntem ve Bilim Tarihi. 1. Baskı. Editör: E.Nalçacı. İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi. 2017
  • 3 Granit R. Charles Scott Sherrington A Biography of the Neurophysiologist. Doubleday&Company Inc. New York, 1967.
  • 4 Bennett M.R. ve Hacker P.M.S., Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 2003.
  • 5 Yeliseva N.V. Yakın Çağlar Tarihi. Çev. Ö. İnce. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Yordam Kitabevi. 2010;200-207.
  • 6 Artuvan Korkmaz, H., Nalçacı, E., 2017. Nörofizyolojide bir dönüm noktası İngiltere’de gerçekleşiyor : Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952), Tarihselci Yöntem ve Bilim Tarihi. 3. Baskı Editör: Nalçacı, E. İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi. 2023;127–150.
  • 7 Nigro, C., The Brain Electric: A History of Neuroscientific Ideas About How We Changed. (Doktora Tezi). San Francisco: University Of California, 2020.
  • 8 Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1922-1941. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965. Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2024 Nereden edinilebilir: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/sherrington-bio.html
  • 9 Sherrington, C.S., Decerebrate Rigidity and Reflex Coordination of Movements. J Physiol. 1898;12:319–332.
  • 10 Fulton, J.F., Sherrington’s Impact on Neurophysiology. Br. Med. J. 1947;807–810.
  • 11 Kandel, E. R. Principles of neural science. McGraw-Hill. 2000.
  • 12 Ward, Z.B., Muscles or Movements? Representation in the Nascent Brain Sciences, Journal of the History of Biology. Springer Netherlands. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-023-09703-1
  • 13 Ward, L.M., Synchronous neural oscillations and cognitive processes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2003. 7, 553–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.012
  • 14 Leyton, A.S.F., Sherrington, C.S., Observations on the excitable cortex of the chimpanzee, orang‐utan, and gorilla. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 1917;11:135–222. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1917.sp000240
  • 15 Molnár, Z., Brown, R.E., Insights into the life and work of Sir Charles Sherrington. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010. 11, 429–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2835
  • 16 Nalçacı E. Aydınlanma mücadelesinde önemli bir adım: I. M. Seçenov’un Beynin Refleksleri kitabı. Bilim ve Gelecek. 2014;122:72-75.
  • 17 Foster, M. ve Sherrington, C. S. A Textbook of Physiology. Macmillan and Co. New York, 1897.
  • 18 Maxwell Cowan W., Südhof T. C. ve Stevens C. F. Synapses, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London, 2003.
  • 19 Akçay M. Sinir Sistemi Fizyolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları. 5. Basım. 1979:77. Ankara.
  • 20 Sherrington, C. S. Further experimental note on the correlation of antagonistic muscles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1893;53:407-420.
  • 21 Hinsey, J. C., ve Cutting, C. C. The Sherrington Phenomenon. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 1933. 105(3), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1933.105.3.535
  • 22 Burke R.E. Sir Charles Sherrington's the integrative action of the nervous system: a centenary appreciation. Brain. 2007;130:887-894.
  • 23 Fuller J. The Poetry of Sir Charles Sherrington. Brain. 2007;130:1981-1983. 24 Sherrington, C. S. The Endeavour of Jean Fernel with a List of the Editions of His Writings. Canberra: U.P., 1946.
  • 25 Sherrington, C. S. Man on His Nature. The Gifford Lectures. London: Cambridge University Press, 1940.
  • 26 Smith, R. Representations of mind: C. S. Sherrington and scientific opinion, c. 1930-1950. Science in Context. 2001;14(04):511-539. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889701000230
  • 27 McConnell, G.C., Leung, L.S., Editorial: 90th anniversary of the Sherrington and Adrian Nobel Prize: brain rhythms and oscillations in neural activity modulation, brain function and dysfunction. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 17. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1332956

Sherrington and His Impressive Work in Neuroscience

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 117 - 125, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1520304

Abstract

In this article, the life and works of Sherrington, who introduced important concepts in the field of nervous system physiology and neuroscience, are evaluated. While Sherrington was conducting his scientific studies, the social, economic and political conditions of his time were highly influential. The Industrial Revolution, which started in England in the 17th century, brought with it a technological advance and had a great impact on scientific research. Sherrington's neurophysiological studies began at St. Thomas Hospital in London and in time he introduced concepts such as reflex, synapse, motor unit, proprioceptive sensation, and reciprocal inhibition. Sherrington, who gave importance to animal experiments, studied reflex mechanisms, especially using deserebrated animals. At the same time, he explained many rules and phenomena related to the nervous system. Sherrington, who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology in 1932, made a major contribution to neuroscience, neurophysiology and neurology.

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References

  • 1 Drouin, E., Hammond, E.J., Hautecoeur, P., Charles Sherrington’s apparatus. Lancet Neurol. 2022; 21:508. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00181-8 (3)
  • 2 Nalçacı, E., Bilim Tarihinin Neresindeyiz? In Tarihselci Yöntem ve Bilim Tarihi. 1. Baskı. Editör: E.Nalçacı. İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi. 2017
  • 3 Granit R. Charles Scott Sherrington A Biography of the Neurophysiologist. Doubleday&Company Inc. New York, 1967.
  • 4 Bennett M.R. ve Hacker P.M.S., Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 2003.
  • 5 Yeliseva N.V. Yakın Çağlar Tarihi. Çev. Ö. İnce. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Yordam Kitabevi. 2010;200-207.
  • 6 Artuvan Korkmaz, H., Nalçacı, E., 2017. Nörofizyolojide bir dönüm noktası İngiltere’de gerçekleşiyor : Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952), Tarihselci Yöntem ve Bilim Tarihi. 3. Baskı Editör: Nalçacı, E. İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi. 2023;127–150.
  • 7 Nigro, C., The Brain Electric: A History of Neuroscientific Ideas About How We Changed. (Doktora Tezi). San Francisco: University Of California, 2020.
  • 8 Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1922-1941. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965. Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2024 Nereden edinilebilir: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/sherrington-bio.html
  • 9 Sherrington, C.S., Decerebrate Rigidity and Reflex Coordination of Movements. J Physiol. 1898;12:319–332.
  • 10 Fulton, J.F., Sherrington’s Impact on Neurophysiology. Br. Med. J. 1947;807–810.
  • 11 Kandel, E. R. Principles of neural science. McGraw-Hill. 2000.
  • 12 Ward, Z.B., Muscles or Movements? Representation in the Nascent Brain Sciences, Journal of the History of Biology. Springer Netherlands. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-023-09703-1
  • 13 Ward, L.M., Synchronous neural oscillations and cognitive processes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2003. 7, 553–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.012
  • 14 Leyton, A.S.F., Sherrington, C.S., Observations on the excitable cortex of the chimpanzee, orang‐utan, and gorilla. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 1917;11:135–222. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1917.sp000240
  • 15 Molnár, Z., Brown, R.E., Insights into the life and work of Sir Charles Sherrington. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010. 11, 429–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2835
  • 16 Nalçacı E. Aydınlanma mücadelesinde önemli bir adım: I. M. Seçenov’un Beynin Refleksleri kitabı. Bilim ve Gelecek. 2014;122:72-75.
  • 17 Foster, M. ve Sherrington, C. S. A Textbook of Physiology. Macmillan and Co. New York, 1897.
  • 18 Maxwell Cowan W., Südhof T. C. ve Stevens C. F. Synapses, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London, 2003.
  • 19 Akçay M. Sinir Sistemi Fizyolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları. 5. Basım. 1979:77. Ankara.
  • 20 Sherrington, C. S. Further experimental note on the correlation of antagonistic muscles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1893;53:407-420.
  • 21 Hinsey, J. C., ve Cutting, C. C. The Sherrington Phenomenon. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 1933. 105(3), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1933.105.3.535
  • 22 Burke R.E. Sir Charles Sherrington's the integrative action of the nervous system: a centenary appreciation. Brain. 2007;130:887-894.
  • 23 Fuller J. The Poetry of Sir Charles Sherrington. Brain. 2007;130:1981-1983. 24 Sherrington, C. S. The Endeavour of Jean Fernel with a List of the Editions of His Writings. Canberra: U.P., 1946.
  • 25 Sherrington, C. S. Man on His Nature. The Gifford Lectures. London: Cambridge University Press, 1940.
  • 26 Smith, R. Representations of mind: C. S. Sherrington and scientific opinion, c. 1930-1950. Science in Context. 2001;14(04):511-539. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889701000230
  • 27 McConnell, G.C., Leung, L.S., Editorial: 90th anniversary of the Sherrington and Adrian Nobel Prize: brain rhythms and oscillations in neural activity modulation, brain function and dysfunction. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 17. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1332956
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Neurosciences (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Hazal Artuvan Korkmaz 0000-0001-7739-8676

Erhan Nalçacı 0000-0003-4850-4745

Project Number -
Early Pub Date September 25, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date July 22, 2024
Acceptance Date September 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 33 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Artuvan Korkmaz H, Nalçacı E. Sherrington ve Sinirbilimde Çığır Açan Çalışmaları. aktd. September 2024;33(3):117-125. doi:10.17827/aktd.1520304