SAARC ve OECD ülkelerinde sağlık göstergeleri yeterliliğinin ARAS ve WASPAS ile analizi

Year 2023, , 53 - 75, 21.06.2023

Dilek Murat , Simla Güzel

https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1233313

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Sağlığa yönelik yatırımların ağırlığı ülkeden ülkeye değişmekle birlikte, bu yatırımların finansmanı kamu ve özel kesim tarafından sağlanır ve bu durum da toplumların refah seviyesi üzerinde etkili olur. Sağlık yatırımlarının nicelik olarak artırılmasının yanında niteliğinin de artırılması gerekmektedir ve sağlık göstergeleri performans analizlerinin yapılması faydalı olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Güney Asya Bölgesel İşbirliği Örgütü (SAARC) ülkeleri ile Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) ülkeleri içinde toplam sağlık harcamaları en yüksek olan ülkelerin sağlık göstergeleri performansı ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Sağlık performansını etkileyen kriterler olarak toplam, kamu ve özel sağlık harcamaları, bebek ölüm oranı, kişi başına düşen GSYİH, doğuşta beklenen yaşam süresi ve ölüm oranı değişkenleri dikkate alınmıştır. ARAS ve WASPAS’ın uygulandığı araştırmada ulaşılan en güncel yıl olan 2019 verileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta ARAS ve WASPAS’ın benzer sonuçlar ürettiği gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sağlık performansı en yüksek olan ülkeler Norveç, İsviçre, İsveç ve İrlanda iken en düşük olanlar ise Butan, Pakistan, Hindistan, Nepal ve Bangladeş’tir.

Keywords

Sağlık Göstergeleri, SAARC Ülkeleri, OECD Ülkeleri, ARAS, WASPAS

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

Analysis of health indicators effectiveness in SAARC and OECD countries with ARAS and WASPAS

Abstract

Investments in the health sector vary from country to country. However, financing of investments is provided by the public and private sectors; thus, it has an impact on the welfare of countries. Hence, increasing both the quality and quantity of health expenditures is essential. In this line, the research on performance analysis of health indicators is useful. This study analyzes the performance of health indicators of the countries in the South Asian Regional Cooperation Organization (SAARC) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which have the highest level of health expenditures. To do so, we have utilized total, public, and private health expenditures, infant mortality rate, GDP per capita, life expectancy at birth, and mortality rate as the variables affecting health performance. Employing ARAS and WASPAS methods, we have used the most recent data, 2019. Our results yield similar findings of ARAS and WASPAS. Furthermore, we have documented that the countries with the highest health performance are Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, and Ireland. In contrast, Bhutan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh are the countries with the lowest performance.

Keywords

Health Indicators, SAARC Countries, OECD Countries, ARAS, WASPAS

Project Number

yok

References

• Abolhallaje, M., Mousavi, S.M., Anjomshoa, M., Beigi Nasiri, A., Seyedin H., Sadeghifar J., Aryankhesal A., Rajabi Vasokolaei, G. & Beigi Nasiri, M. (2014). Assessing health inequalities in Iran: a focus on the distribution of health care facilities, Glob J Health Sci., 6(4), 285-91. https://doi.org/ 10.5539/gjhs.v6n4p285.
• Akçakanat, Ö., Eren, H., Aksoy, E., & Ömürbek, V. (2017), Bankacılık Sektöründe Entropi ve Waspas Yöntemleri İle Performans Değerlendirmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 285-300.
• Akinwale, Y. O. (2021), Health Expenditure, Economic Growth and Life Expectancy at Birth in Resource Rich Developing Countries: A case of Saudi Arabia and Nigeria, Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 42(2), 13-36.
• Aktas A, Ecer, B, Kabak, M. (2022), A Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Model for Healthcare Systems Ranking of European Countries, Systems, 10(219), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219
• Anand, S. & Sen A. (2000). Human development and economics sustainability, World Development, 28(12), 2029–49. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00071-1
• Antunes, J., Hadi-Vencheh, A. Jamshidi, A., Tan, Y., & Wanke, P. (2023). TEA-IS: A hybrid DEA-TOPSIS approach for assessing performance and synergy in Chinese health care, Decision Support System. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2022.113916.
• Anyanwu, J. C. & Erhijakpor, A. E. O. (2009). Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes in Africa, African Development Review, 21(2), 400-433.
• Araujo, C. A. S., Wanke, P. & Siqueira, M. M. (2018). A performance analysis of Brazilian public health: TOPSIS and neural networks application, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(9), 1526-1549.
• Aregbeshola B. S., Khan, S. M. (2018). Out-of-Pocket Payments, Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Poverty Among Households in Nigeria 2010, Int J Health Policy Manag., 7(9), 798-806. https://doi.org/ 10.15171/ijhpm.2018.19.
• Ayçin, E. (2019). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme: Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Çözümler, 1. Basım, Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Bakshi, T., & Sarkar, B. (2011). MCA Based Performance Evaluation of Project Selection, International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications, (IJSEA) 2(2), 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijsea.2011.2202
• Bakshi, T., & Sinharay, A. (2011). An Integrated Novel Approach in MCDM under Fuzziness, International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology, 2, 36–43.
• Barro, R. J. (1996). Health, Human Capital and Economic Growth. In American Health Organization.
• Batbaylı, Ş. (2022). Sağlık Ekonomisi Perspektifinde Seçilmiş Ülkelerin Sağlık Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 43-57.
• Bathrinath, S. Mohan, S., Koppiahraj, K., Bhalaji, R. K. A., & Santhi, B. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting sustainable performance in construction sites using fuzzy AHP-WASPAS methods, Materials Today: Proceedings, 62(6), 3118-3121.
• Bhattacharya, J., Hyde, T., & Tu, P. (2021). Sağlık Ekonomisi, (Çev. Çağdaş, Erkan Akyürek) Nobel Yay., Ankara. Bloom, D., Canning D., & Sevilla J. (2004). The effect of health on economic growth: a production function approach”, World Development Wor Dev. 32(1), 1–13
• Bloom, D. & Canning, D. (2010). The Health and Poverty ofNations: From theory to practice”, Journal of Human Development, 4(1), 47-71, DOI:10.1080/1464988032000051487
• Boachie, M., Ramu, K., & Polajeva, T. (2018). Public Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes: New Evidence from Ghana, Economies, 6(58) 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies6040058
• Bulutoğlu, K. (2008). Kamu Ekonomisine Giriş. Özkan Matbaacılık: Ankara.
• Chakraborty, S., & Zavadskas, E. Z. (2014). Applications of WASPAS Method in Manufacturing Decision Making, Informatica, 25(1), 1–20.
• Christiana, E. J., Balan, B., & Robu, I-B. (2014). The Relationship between Life Expectancy at Birth and Health Expenditures Estimated by a Cross-country and Time-series Analysis, Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 108-114.
• Cornia, G. A. (2001). Globalization and health: Results and Options, Bulletin of the World Health Organization,79(9), 834-841.
• Çakır, E., & Can, M. (2019). Best-Worst Yöntemine Dayalı ARAS Yöntemi ile Dış Kaynak Kullanım Tercihinin Belirlenmesi: Turizm Sektöründe Bir Uygulama, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1273-1300.
• Dadelo, S., Turskis, Z., Zavadskas, E. K., & Dadeliene, R. (2012). Multiple Criteria Assessment of Elite Security Personal on the Basis of ARAS and Expert Methods, Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 46(4), 65–87.
• Daştan, İ., & Çetinkaya, V. (2015). OECD Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin Sağlık Sistemleri, Sağlık Harcamaları ve Sağlık Göstergeleri Karşılaştırması, SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 5(1) , 104-134.
• Değirmenci, N. & Yakıcı Ayan, T. (2020). OECD Ülkelerinin Sağlık Göstergeleri Açısından Bulanık Kümeleme Analizi ve Topsis Yöntemine Göre Değerlendirilmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(2), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.592991
• Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., & Papayannakis, L. (1995). Determining Objective Weights in Multiple Criteria Problems: The Critic Method, Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H
• Ecer, F. (2016). ARAS Yöntemi Kullanılarak Kurumsal Kaynak Planlaması Yazılımı Seçimi, Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 89-98.
• Esen, E., & Çelik Keçili, M. (2022). Economic Growth and Health Expenditure Analysis for Turkey: Evidence from Time Series, J Knowl Econ.,13, 1786–1800.
• European Union (EU) (2022). South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)" https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/south-asian-association-regional-cooperationsaarc_en#:~:text=SAARC%20has%20eight%20member%20countries,Pakistan%20and%20Sri%2DL anka. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2022).
• Gedikli, A., Erdoğan, S. Kırca, M., & Demir, İ. (2019). An Analysis of Relationship between Health Expenditures and Life Expectancy: The Case of Turkey and Turkic Republics, Bilig, 91, 27-52.
• Hanson, K., Gilson, L., Goodman, C., Mills, A., Smith, R., Feachem, R., Neelam Sekhri, F., Tracey Perez K., & Heather, K. (2008). Is Private Health Care the Answer to the Health Problems of the World’s Poor?”, PLoS Medicine, 5(11), 1528-1532.
• Hashemkhani Zolfani, S., Aghdaie, M. H., Derakhti, A., Zavadskas, E. K., & Morshed Varzandeh, M. H. (2013). Decision making on business issues with foresight perspective; an application of new hybrid MCDM model in shopping mall locating, Expert Systems with Applications 40(17), 7111-7121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.06.040
• Hassan, S. A., Zaman, K., Zaman, S., & Shabir, M. (2014). Measuring health expenditures and outcomes in saarc region: health is a luxury?, Quality Quantity, 48, 1421–1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9844-2
• Hayati, H., Karimi, S., Sadeghifar, J., Ebrahimzadeh, J., Afshari, S., Khosravi B., & Ashrafi E. (2015). Determining the entitlement to structural indicators of health by means of fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS: a case study in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, JPPM, 1(3/4), 61-64.
• Hermanowski, T., Bystrov, V., Staszewska-Bystrova, A., Szafraniec-Buryło, S. I., Rabczenko, D., Kolasa, K. & Orlewska, E. (2015). Analysis of Trends In Life Expectancies And Per Capita Gross Domestic Product As Well As Pharmaceutical And Non-Pharmaceutical Healthcare Expenditures, Acta Pol Pharm, 72(5),1045-50.
• Heuvel, W. J. A., & Olaroiu, M. (2017). How Important are Health Care Expenditures for Life Expectancy? A Comparative, European Analysis, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 18(3), 276.e9-276.e12. https://r4d.org/resources/determinants-health-expenditure-country-level-panel-data-analysis/
• Ilgaz Yıldırım, B., Uysal, F., & Ilgaz, A. (2019). Havayolu İşletmelerinde Personel Seçimi: Aras Yöntemi ile Bir Uygulama, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(33), 219-231.
• İzgüden, D., Sezer Korucu, K., Çalışkan Söylemez, Ş., & Demir, M. (2022). OECD Ülkelerinin Sağlık Göstergeleri ve Sağlık Ekipmanlarının Entropi Temelli Aras ve Saw Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 13(35), 731-755.
• Jakovljevic, M., Sugahara, T., Timofeyev, Y., & Rancic, N. (2020). Predictors of (in) efficiencies of Healthcare Expenditure Among the Leading Asian Economies - Comparison of OECD and Non-OECD Nations, Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 13, 2261-2280.
• Kalhor, R., Asefzadeh, S., & Ghamari, F. (2016). Ranking Eastern Mediterranean Region Jeosantrik (EMRO) based on the Health Impact Indicators Using Multi-criteria Decision Approach, Journal of Biology and Today's World, 5(12), 213-217.
• Karaca, C., & Ulutaş, A. (2018). Entropi ve Waspas Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Türkiye İçin Uygun Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynağının Seçimi, Ege Akademik Bakış, 18(3), 483-494.
• Ke, X., Saksena P., & Holly, A. (2011). The Determinants of Health Expenditure: A Country-Level Panel Data Analysis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
• Kenger, M. D., & Organ, A. (2017). Banka Personel Seçiminin Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemlerinden Entropi Temelli ARAS Yöntemi İle Değerlendirilmesi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(4), 152-170.
• Kutut, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Lazauskas, M. (2013). Assessment of Priority Options for Preservation of Historic City Centre Buildings Using MCDM (ARAS), Procedia Engineering, 57, 657–661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. proeng.2013.04.083
• Lashgari, S., Antuchevičienė ,J., Delavari, A., & Kheirkhah, O., (2014). Using QSPM and WASPAS methods for determining outsourcing strategies, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(4), 729-743.
• Linden, M., & Ray, D. (2017). Life expectancy effects of public and private health expenditures in OECD countries 1970–2012: Panel time series approach, Economic Analysis and Policy, 56(2017), 101-113.
• Macfarlane, S., Racelis, M., & Florence Muli-Muslime, F. (2000). Public health in developing countries, The Lancet, 356(9232), 841-846.
• Majumder, P., & Saha, A. K. (2021). A new TOPSIS-based approach to evaluate the economic indicators in the healthcare system and the impact of biotechnology in (Ed. Yasha Hasija), Translational Biotechnology, 407-419.
• Nezamuddin, M. S., Effat, T., & Parvaneh, Z. (2016). Health Expendıture and Life-Expectancy in Islamic Countries”, Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies, 4(13), 25-40.
• Nixon, J., & Ulmann, P. (2006). The relationship between health care expenditure and health outcomes, Eur J Health Econ, 7, 7–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-005-0336-8
• Obrizan, M., & Wehby, G. L. (2012). Health Expenditures and Life Expectancy Around the World: A Quantile Regression Approach, Discussion Paper, No.47, Kyiv School of Economics and Kyiv Economics Institute, http://repec.kse.org.ua/pdf/KSE_dp47.pdf
• OECD. (2022), Who we are?, https://www.oecd.org/about/ (05.12.2022).
• Ömürbek, N., Eren, H., & Dağ, O. (2017). Entropi-Aras ve Entropi-Moosra Yöntemleri ile Yaşam Kalitesi Açısından AB Ülkelerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 29-48
• Ömürbek, V., Aksoy, E., & Akçakanat, Ö. (2017). Bankaların Sürdürülebilirlik Performanslarının Aras, Moosra ve Copras Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 8(19), 14-32.
• Özbek, A. (2019), Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri, 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Özsarı, H., & Boz, C. (2019). Comparison of Health Status and Macroeconomic Indicators in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries Using Multidimensional Scaling and TOPSIS, Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(3), 545-54.
• Pekkaya, M., & Dökmen G. (2019). OECD Ülkeleri Kamu Sağlık Harcamalarının Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Performans Değerlendirmesi, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 15(4), 923-950.
• Raghupathi V., & Raghupathi, W. (2020). Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Performance: Insights From the United States Data, Front. Public Health, 8(156), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00156
• Rahman, M. M., Khanam, R. & Rahman, M. (2018). Health care expenditure and health outcome nexus: new evidence from the SAARC-ASEAN region, Global Health., 14(113), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0430-1
• Rajkumar A. S., & Swaroop V. (2008). Public spending and outcomes: does governance matter?, Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), 96–111. https://10.1016/j. jdeveco.2007.08.003.
• Ravallion, M., & S. Chen (1997). What Can New Survey Data Tell Us About Recent Changes in Distribution and Poverty?, World Bank Economic Review, 11(2), 357–82.
• Rençber, Ö. F., & Avcı, T. (2018). BIST'te İşlem Gören Bankaların Sermaye Yeterliliklerine Göre Karşılaştırılması: WASPAS Yöntemi ile Uygulama, Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(ICEESS’ 18), 169-175.
• Sachs, J. D. (2001). Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development, Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42463.
• Sala-i-Martin, X. (1997). I Just Ran Two Million Regressions, American Economic Review, 8, 178–83. Satıcı, S. (2021). Ülkelerı̇n İnovasyon Performansının CRITIC Temellı̇ WASPAS Yöntemı̇yle Değerlendı̇rı̇lmesı̇, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 16(2), 91-104.
• Saygın, Z. Ö., & Kundakcı, N. (2020). Waspas ve Codas Yöntemleri İle Oecd Ülkelerinin Sağlık Göstergeleri Açısından Kıyaslamalı Analizi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 23(1), 23-42.
• Schultz, T. P. (1999). Health and Schooling Investments in Africa, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13(3), 67–88.
• Sel, A. (2022). G20 Ülkelerinin Uzun Dönemli Sağlık Göstergeleri Kullanılarak Sınıflandırılması Ve Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi. Verimlilik Dergisi, 3, 381-392.
• Shahraki M. (2019). Public and private health expenditure and life expectancy in Iran, Payesh, 18(3), 221-230.
• Shariati, S., Chamzini, A. Y., Salsani, A., & Tamosaitiene, J. (2014). Proposing a New Model for Waste Dump Site Selection: Case Study of Ayerma Phosphate Mine, Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 25(4), 410–419.
• Sliogeriene, J., Turskis, Z., & Streimikiene, D. (2013). Analysis and Choice of Generation Technologies: The Multiple Criteria Assessment on The Case Study of Energy Lithuania, Energy Procedia, 32, 11-20
• Smith, P. C., Mossialos, E., Papanicolas, I.i & Leatherman, S. (2010). Performance Measurement for Health System Improvement, Cambridge University Pres: United Kingdom.
• Sonğur, C. (2016). Sağlık Göstergelerine Göre Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü Ülkelerinin Kümeleme Analizi, SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 6(1), 197-224.
• Squire, L. (1993). Fighting Poverty, American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 83(2), 377–82.
• Suhrcke, M., McKee, M., Stuckler, D., Arce R. S., Tsolova, S., & Mortensen, J. (2006). The contribution of health to the economy in the European Union, Public Health, 120(11), 994-1001.
• Tayalı, H. A. (2017). Tedarı̇kçı̇ Seçı̇mı̇nde Waspas Yöntemı̇, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 47, 368-380.
• Türkoğlu, S. P. (2018). Avrupa Ülkelerinin Sağlık Göstergelerinin Topsis Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 65-78. http://dx.doi.org /10.11616/asbed.v18i38800.459468.
• Ural, M., Demireli, E., & Güler Özçalık, S. (2018). Kamu Bankalarında Performans Analizi: Entropi ve Waspas Yöntemleri ile Bir Uygulama, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 129-141.
• Yardim M.S., Cilingiroglu N., & Yardim N. (2010). Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in Turkey, Heal Pol., 94, 26–33.
• Yiğit, A. (2019). Performance Analysis of Oecd Countries Based on Health Outcomes and Expenditure Indicators, Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 5(9), 114-123.
• Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2011). Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods in Economics: an Overview, Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(2), 397–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913. 2011.593291
• Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Eviciene, J., (2015). Selecting a Contractor by Using a Novel Method for Multiple Attribute Analysis: Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assess- ment with Grey Values, Studies in Informatics and Control, 24(2), 141-150.
• Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Vilutiene, T. (2010). Multiple Criteria Analysis of Foundation Instalment Alternatives by Applying Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) Method, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, X(3), 123–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60141-1
• Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J., & Zakarevicius, A. (2012b). Optimization of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment, Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, 122(6), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.122.6.1810
• Zavadskas, E. K., Vainiunas, P., Turskis, Z., & Tamosaitiene, J. (2012a). Multiple Criteria Decision Support System for Assessment of Projects Managers in Construction, International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 11(2), 501–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219622012400135
• Zavadskas, E., K. & Turskis, Z. (2010). A New Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) Method in Multicriteria Decision‐Making, Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.10
• Zavadskas, E. K., Antucheviciene, J., Saparauskas, J., & Turskis, Z., (2013). MCDM Methods WASPAS and MULTIMOORA: Verification Of Robustness Of Methods When Assessing Alternative Solutions, Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 47(2), 1-5.
• Zenonas T., & Kazimieras Z. E. (2010). A Novel Method for Multiple Criteria Analysis: Grey Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS-G) Method, Informatica, 21(4), 597 – 610.