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The effect of foreign direct investments on economic growth: Comparison of green field investments with acquisitions and mergers

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 1 - 13
https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1529696

Abstract

It is known that the effects of foreign direct investment on the host country's economy differ according to a wide variety of factors. Although there are many studies addressing these factors, there is no consensus in the literature on these effects. In this study, the way the investment enters the host country, which is thought to play a role in the differentiation of the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, is discussed, and direct investments are examined in terms of (i) greenfield investments, and (ii) acquisitions and mergers. In the study, 15 countries with the highest foreign direct investment inflows in the 2003-2021 period were examined to determine the importance of the way direct investments enter the country. The analyses conducted reveal that the effects of cross-border greenfield investments and inter-company mergers and acquisitions on the economies of host countries differ. According to the findings, while the effect of greenfield investments on economic growth is statistically significant and positive, acquisitions and mergers do not have a significant effect on economic growth.

References

  • Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Özcan, Ş. ve Sayek, S. (2004). FDI and economic growth: The role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics, 64, 89-112.
  • Alvarado, R., Iniquez M. ve Ponce, P. (2017). Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Latin America. Economic Analysis and Policy, 56, 176-187.
  • Barthelemy, J. C. ve Demurger, S. (2000). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: Theory and application to China. Review of Development Economics, 4(2), 140-155.
  • Batten, J. A. ve Vo, X. V. (2009). An analysis of the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Applied Economics, 41(13), 1621-1641.
  • Bayar, Y. (2014). Effects of foreign direct investment inflows and domestic investment on economic growth: Evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6, 69-78.
  • Bengoa, M. ve Sanchez-Robles, B. (2003). Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: New evidence from Latin America. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 529-545.
  • Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. ve Lee, J. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?. Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115-135.
  • Bosworth, B. ve Collins, S. M. (1999). Capital flows to developing economies: Implications for saving and invesment. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, 143‐169.
  • Campos, N. F. ve Kinoshita, Y. (2002). Foreign direct investment as technology transferred: Some panel evidence from the transition countries. William Davidson Institute Working Paper, 438, 1-34.
  • Carkovic, M. ve Levine, R. (2002). Does foreign direct investment accelerate economic growth?. Working Paper University of Minnesota Department of Finance, 195- 220.
  • De Mello, L. (1999). Foreign direct investment-led growth: Evidence from time series and panel data. Oxford Economic Papers, 51(1), 133-151.
  • Dunning, J. H. ve Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational enterprises and the global economy (2. Baskı). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Erdoğan, A. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları etkinliği: Türkiye için ekonometrik bir uygulama [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Erol, E. ve Çınar, S. (2013). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların analizi ve gelir ilişkisi: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneği. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 17-36.
  • Foltz, J. C., Aracı, H. ve Kargın, M. (2002). Mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and consolidations in agribusiness: An example of acquisition (acquisition of continental grain by cargill). Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 9(1-2), 135-156.
  • Gökmen, A. (2011). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Güven, Y. (2007). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, gelişme yolunda ülke ekonomileri üzerine etkileri: Türkiye için ampirik bulgular ve değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Hussain, M. E. ve Haque, M. (2016). Foreign direct investment, trade, and economic growth: An empirical analysis of Bangladesh. Economies, 4(7), 1-14.
  • Iamsiraroj, S. ve Ulubaşoğlu, M. A. (2015). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: A real relationship or wishful thinking?. Economic Modelling, 51(C), 200-213.
  • Ibhagui, O. (2017). How does foreign direct investment affect growth in sub-Saharan Africa? New evidence from threshold analysis. Journal of Economic Studies, 1(47), 149-181.
  • Jyun-Yi, W. ve Chih-Chiang, H. (2008). Does foreign direct investment promote economic growth? Evidence from a threshold regression analysis. Economics Bulletin, 12(15), 1-10.
  • Kegley, C.W. ve Blanton (2015). World politics: Trend and transformation. Cengage Learning.
  • Köprücü, Y. (2017). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların teknolojik yayılma ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(30), 105- 122.
  • Lensink, R. ve Morrissey, O. (2001). Foreign direct investment: Flows, volatility and growth in developing countries. University of Groningen Working Papers, 1-28.
  • Li, X. ve Liu, X. (2005). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: An increasingly endogenous relationship. World Development, 33(3), 393-407.
  • Lyroudi, K., Papanastasiou, J. ve Vamvakidis, A. (2004). Foreign direct investment and economic growth in transition economies. South Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 2(1), 97-110.
  • Martensson, A. ve Kübek, C. (2006). Foreign direct investments Swedish corporations investments in Brazil 1990-2005 [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Jönköping University Jönköping International Business School.
  • Mazenda, A. (2014). The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Evidence from South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10), 95-108.
  • Melnyk, L., Kubatko, O. ve Pysarenko, S. (2014). The impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Case of post communism transition economies. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 12(1), 17-24.
  • Mencinger, J. (2003). Does foreign direct investment always enhance economic growth?. Kyklos, 56(4), 491-508.
  • Mody, A. ve Murshid, A. (2005). Growing up with capital flows. Journal of International Economics, 65(1), 249-266.
  • Moosa, I. A. (2002). Foreign direct investment theory, evidence and practice. Palgrave Publishers.
  • Pandya, V. ve Sisombat, S. (2017). Impacts of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Empirical evidence from Australian economy. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(5), 121-131.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Saqib, N., Masnoon, M. ve Rafique, N. (2013). Impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth of Pakistan. Advances in Management and Apllied Economics, 3(1), 35-45.
  • Vissak, T. ve Roolaht, T. (2005) The negative impact of foreign direct investment on the estonian economy. Problems of Economic Transition, 48(2), 43-66.
  • Westerlund, J. ve Edgerton, D. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. Economic Letters, 97(3), 185-190.
  • Yılmaz, M. (2008). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi panel veri analizi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • UNCTAD (2009). World investment prospects survey 2009-2011. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaeia20098_en.pdf.
  • Üzar, U. (2018). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve gelir eşitsizliği: Teori, tartışma ve analiz. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 8(2), 199-222.
  • Zhang, K. (2001). Does foreign direct investment promote economic growth? Evidence from East Asia and Latin America. Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(2), 175- 185.

Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşil alan yatırımları ile satın alma ve birleşmelerin karşılaştırması

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 1 - 13
https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1529696

Abstract

Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ev sahibi ülke ekonomisine etkilerinin çok çeşitli faktörlere göre farklılık gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Bu faktörleri ele alan birçok çalışma bulunmasına rağmen, literatürde söz konusu etkiler üzerine fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin farklılaşmasında rol oynadığı düşünülen faktörlerden yatırımın ev sahibi ülkeye giriş şekli ele alınmakta, doğrudan yatırımlar yeşil alan yatırımları ile satın alma ve birleşmeler itibariyle incelenmektedir. Çalışmada, doğrudan yatırımların ülkeye giriş şeklinin önemini tespit etmek üzere 2003-2021 döneminde en fazla doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı girişine sahip 15 ülke incelenmiştir. Yürütülen analizlerle sınır ötesi yeşil alan yatırımları ve şirketler arası birleşme ve satın alma işlemlerinin ev sahibi ülkelerin ekonomisi üzerindeki etkilerinin farklılaştığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yeşil alan yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde iken, satın alma ve birleşmeler ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı etki taşımamaktadır.

References

  • Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Özcan, Ş. ve Sayek, S. (2004). FDI and economic growth: The role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics, 64, 89-112.
  • Alvarado, R., Iniquez M. ve Ponce, P. (2017). Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Latin America. Economic Analysis and Policy, 56, 176-187.
  • Barthelemy, J. C. ve Demurger, S. (2000). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: Theory and application to China. Review of Development Economics, 4(2), 140-155.
  • Batten, J. A. ve Vo, X. V. (2009). An analysis of the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Applied Economics, 41(13), 1621-1641.
  • Bayar, Y. (2014). Effects of foreign direct investment inflows and domestic investment on economic growth: Evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6, 69-78.
  • Bengoa, M. ve Sanchez-Robles, B. (2003). Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: New evidence from Latin America. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 529-545.
  • Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. ve Lee, J. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?. Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115-135.
  • Bosworth, B. ve Collins, S. M. (1999). Capital flows to developing economies: Implications for saving and invesment. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, 143‐169.
  • Campos, N. F. ve Kinoshita, Y. (2002). Foreign direct investment as technology transferred: Some panel evidence from the transition countries. William Davidson Institute Working Paper, 438, 1-34.
  • Carkovic, M. ve Levine, R. (2002). Does foreign direct investment accelerate economic growth?. Working Paper University of Minnesota Department of Finance, 195- 220.
  • De Mello, L. (1999). Foreign direct investment-led growth: Evidence from time series and panel data. Oxford Economic Papers, 51(1), 133-151.
  • Dunning, J. H. ve Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational enterprises and the global economy (2. Baskı). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Erdoğan, A. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları etkinliği: Türkiye için ekonometrik bir uygulama [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Erol, E. ve Çınar, S. (2013). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların analizi ve gelir ilişkisi: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneği. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 17-36.
  • Foltz, J. C., Aracı, H. ve Kargın, M. (2002). Mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and consolidations in agribusiness: An example of acquisition (acquisition of continental grain by cargill). Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 9(1-2), 135-156.
  • Gökmen, A. (2011). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Güven, Y. (2007). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, gelişme yolunda ülke ekonomileri üzerine etkileri: Türkiye için ampirik bulgular ve değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Hussain, M. E. ve Haque, M. (2016). Foreign direct investment, trade, and economic growth: An empirical analysis of Bangladesh. Economies, 4(7), 1-14.
  • Iamsiraroj, S. ve Ulubaşoğlu, M. A. (2015). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: A real relationship or wishful thinking?. Economic Modelling, 51(C), 200-213.
  • Ibhagui, O. (2017). How does foreign direct investment affect growth in sub-Saharan Africa? New evidence from threshold analysis. Journal of Economic Studies, 1(47), 149-181.
  • Jyun-Yi, W. ve Chih-Chiang, H. (2008). Does foreign direct investment promote economic growth? Evidence from a threshold regression analysis. Economics Bulletin, 12(15), 1-10.
  • Kegley, C.W. ve Blanton (2015). World politics: Trend and transformation. Cengage Learning.
  • Köprücü, Y. (2017). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların teknolojik yayılma ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(30), 105- 122.
  • Lensink, R. ve Morrissey, O. (2001). Foreign direct investment: Flows, volatility and growth in developing countries. University of Groningen Working Papers, 1-28.
  • Li, X. ve Liu, X. (2005). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: An increasingly endogenous relationship. World Development, 33(3), 393-407.
  • Lyroudi, K., Papanastasiou, J. ve Vamvakidis, A. (2004). Foreign direct investment and economic growth in transition economies. South Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 2(1), 97-110.
  • Martensson, A. ve Kübek, C. (2006). Foreign direct investments Swedish corporations investments in Brazil 1990-2005 [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Jönköping University Jönköping International Business School.
  • Mazenda, A. (2014). The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Evidence from South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10), 95-108.
  • Melnyk, L., Kubatko, O. ve Pysarenko, S. (2014). The impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Case of post communism transition economies. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 12(1), 17-24.
  • Mencinger, J. (2003). Does foreign direct investment always enhance economic growth?. Kyklos, 56(4), 491-508.
  • Mody, A. ve Murshid, A. (2005). Growing up with capital flows. Journal of International Economics, 65(1), 249-266.
  • Moosa, I. A. (2002). Foreign direct investment theory, evidence and practice. Palgrave Publishers.
  • Pandya, V. ve Sisombat, S. (2017). Impacts of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Empirical evidence from Australian economy. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(5), 121-131.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Saqib, N., Masnoon, M. ve Rafique, N. (2013). Impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth of Pakistan. Advances in Management and Apllied Economics, 3(1), 35-45.
  • Vissak, T. ve Roolaht, T. (2005) The negative impact of foreign direct investment on the estonian economy. Problems of Economic Transition, 48(2), 43-66.
  • Westerlund, J. ve Edgerton, D. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. Economic Letters, 97(3), 185-190.
  • Yılmaz, M. (2008). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi panel veri analizi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • UNCTAD (2009). World investment prospects survey 2009-2011. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaeia20098_en.pdf.
  • Üzar, U. (2018). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve gelir eşitsizliği: Teori, tartışma ve analiz. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 8(2), 199-222.
  • Zhang, K. (2001). Does foreign direct investment promote economic growth? Evidence from East Asia and Latin America. Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(2), 175- 185.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Macroeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Güneş Nehir Şişeci 0000-0001-7038-2145

Ekrem Erdem 0000-0002-5876-8747

Early Pub Date December 4, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date August 7, 2024
Acceptance Date November 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şişeci, G. N., & Erdem, E. (2024). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşil alan yatırımları ile satın alma ve birleşmelerin karşılaştırması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1529696

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