EN YÜKSEK GÜCE BAĞLI OTOMATİK YÖNLENEN ANTEN SİSTEMİ TASARIMI
Year 2025,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 10
Ünal Umut Güner
,
Şükrü Özen
,
Kayhan Ateş
Abstract
Haberleşme sistemlerinde alıcı ve verici antenlerin birbirine karşı fiziksel konumları, haberleşme verimini etkileyen önemli parametrelerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, kablosuz haberleşme sistemlerinde kullanılan alıcı antenin hizalamasını otomatikleştiren iki eksenli bir yönlendirme sistemi sunulmuştur. Bu sayede, haberleşme veriminin artırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sistem, bir alıcı ve bir verici anten arasında en yüksek sinyal gücünü elde etmek için alıcı anteni döndüren mekanik bir yapıya sahiptir. Alıcı antenin en yüksek güce yönlenmesi, Python programlama dili temelli geliştirilen bir kullanıcı arayüzü ile kontrol edilen bir vektörel ağ analizörü (VNA) aracılığıyla sağlanmıştır. Geliştirilen bilgisayar arayüzü sayesinde, kullanıcı tarafından anten yönelim açısı belirlenebilmektedir. Ayrıca, verici antenin saçılma parametreleri analiz edilerek en verimli açıya otomatik olarak yönlenmektedir. Bu çalışma sayesinde anten ölçüm sistemlerine bir alternatif olması için anten ışıma örüntüsü elde edilebilmektedir. Çalışmada, Friis yayılma formülü göz önünde bulundurulmuş ve sistemin performansı 1,8, 2,5, 4 GHz frekanslarında test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, otomatik yönlenme sisteminin istenen doğruluğu ve verimliliği sağlayarak antenlerin maksimum güç iletimine odaklandığını göstermektedir.
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK
Project Number
1919B012224030
Thanks
Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK 2209–A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Desteği Programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir (Proje No: 1919B012224030).
References
- [1] J. Smith, Automated Antenna Alignment and Optimization System, International Journal of Electrical Engineering, Volume 15(3), 98-115, 2023.
- [2] A. Alexiou, M. Haardt, Smart Antenna Technologies for Future Wireless Systems: Trends and Challenges, IEEE Communications Magazine, 42(9), 90-97, 2004.
- [3] M. M. Taygur, S. Bas, E. Yumrukaya, E. A. Miran, S. Gunel, Low-Cost FPGA Based Antenna Pattern Measurement System, 2013 International Conference on Applied Electronics, Czech Republic, pp. 1-4, 2013.
- [4] A. Rehman, T. Rasul, M. F. Shafique, B. Ijaz, K. S. Alimgeer, M. S. Khan, R. M. Shubair, N. Khaddaj Mallat, Development of a Cost Effective Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement Setup, 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, pp. 1-4, 2016
- [5] Aaronia HyperLOG-60 LogPeriodic Antennas, https://downloads.aaronia.com/datasheets/antennas/HyperLOG/Aaronia_HyperLOG_60_Logper_Antennas.pdf, 2014 [accessed 2 March 2022].
- [6] Aaronia HyperLOG-70 LogPeriodic Antennas, https://downloads.aaronia.com/datasheets/antennas/HyperLOG/Aaronia_HyperLOG_70_Logper_Antennas.pdf, 2014 [accessed 2 March 2022].
- [7] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Second Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
- [8] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, Fourth Ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.
- [9] J. A. Shaw, Radiometry and the Friis Transmission Equation, American Journal of Physics, 81, 33-37, 2013.
- [10] K. Ates, T. Z. Kocaer, S. Ozen, N.U. Kockal, Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and microwave absorption performance of plaster mortars containing metal waste chips in X-band frequency range. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 57(3), 230-244, 2023.
- [11] N. Gülmez, N.U. Koçkal, Ş. Özen, and Ateş, Corrosion Potential and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Geopolymer Tiles Produced with Waste Metal Particles. Sādhanā, 47 (3), 115, 2022.
- [12] Ç. Gökçek-Saraç, G. Akçay, S. Karakurt, K. Ateş and Ş.Özen, Possible Effects of Different Doses of 2.1 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation on Learning, and Hippocampal Levels of Cholinergic Biomarkers in Wistar Rats, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 40 (1), 179-190, 2021.
- [13] K. Ateş, C. Yeter ve Ş. Özen, WLAN Uygulamaları için 4×4 MIMO Antenin Elektromanyetik Dozimetri Karakteristiğinin İncelenmesi, TIPTEKNO’20, Çevrimiçi, 19-20 Kasım 2020.
- [14] K. Ates and H. F. Carlak, Dosimetry Analysis of the Human Head Model due to Mobile Phone Usage at GSM-850 Frequency Band, 2017 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET), Antalya, Türkiye, 2017.
- [15] J. Olencki, V. Waladi, A. Bekasiewicz ve L. Leifsson, A Low-Cost System for Far-Field Non-Anechoic Measurements of Antenna Performance Figures, IEEE Access, 11, 39165-39175, 2023.
- [16] A. Rehman, T. Rasul, M. F. Shafique, B. Ijaz, K. S. Alimgeer, M. S. Khan, R. M. Shubair ve N. K. Mallat, Development of a Cost Effective Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement Setup, 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2016.
- [17] T. Zhang, L. Du, J. J. Lv, B. Zhou, Y. Yang, X. Y. Zhou, X. Cheng, J. Pei ve T. J. Cui, A Simple System for Measuring Antenna Radiation Patterns in the Wi-Fi Band, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 55 (1), 191-202, 2013.
- [18] C. Fontá, F. R. Varela, A. Arboleya ve E. Martinez-De-Rioja, Robotic Arm-Based Antenna Measurement System, 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and INC/USNC‐URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/INC-USNC-URSI), Firenze, Italy, 2024.
- [19] N. İl, K. Ateş and Ş. Özen, Electromagnetic Field Exposure to Human Head Model with Various Metal Objects at Sub-6 GHz Frequencies, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 42 (3), 114-122, 2023.
- [20] K. Ates, H.F. Carlak and S. Ozen, Dosimetry Analysis of the Magnetic Field of Underground Power Cables and Magnetic Field Mitigation Using an Electromagnetic Shielding Technique, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 28 (3), 1672-1682, 2022.
- [21] K. Ates, H.F. Carlak and S. Ozen, Magnetic Field Exposures due to Underground Power Cables: a Simulation Study, 2nd World Congress on Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems and Science (EECSS'16). 2016.
- [22] M. Bedeloğlu, N. İl, K. Ateş and Ş. Özen, Measurement and Analysis of Electric and Magnetic Field Strength in Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Power System Components, Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 194 (1), 57-64, 2021.
DESIGN OF A SELF-DIRECTED ANTENNA SYSTEM BASED ON THE MAXIMUM POWER
Year 2025,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 10
Ünal Umut Güner
,
Şükrü Özen
,
Kayhan Ateş
Abstract
In communication systems, the physical alignment of the transmitting and receiving antennas is a critical parameter that affects communication efficiency. This study presents a two-axis rotation system that automates the alignment of the receiver antenna used in wireless communication systems. The aim is to increase the communication efficiency. The system has a mechanical structure that rotates the receiver antenna to obtain the highest signal strength between a receiver and a transmitter antennas. The alignment of the receiver antenna to the highest power is achieved through a vector network analyzer (VNA) controlled by the Python programming language based a graphical user interface based. The developed computer interface allows the user to define the antenna orientation angle. Additionally, the transmitter antenna’s scattering parameters are analyzed to automatically direct the receiver to the most efficient angle. With this study, an alternative to antenna measurement systems can be provided to obtain antenna radiation patterns. In this study, the Friis transmission equation were considered, and the system’s performance was tested at frequencies of 1.8, 2.5, and 4 GHz. The results demonstrate that the automatic steering system ensures the desired accuracy and efficiency, allowing the antennas to focus on maximum power transmission.
Project Number
1919B012224030
References
- [1] J. Smith, Automated Antenna Alignment and Optimization System, International Journal of Electrical Engineering, Volume 15(3), 98-115, 2023.
- [2] A. Alexiou, M. Haardt, Smart Antenna Technologies for Future Wireless Systems: Trends and Challenges, IEEE Communications Magazine, 42(9), 90-97, 2004.
- [3] M. M. Taygur, S. Bas, E. Yumrukaya, E. A. Miran, S. Gunel, Low-Cost FPGA Based Antenna Pattern Measurement System, 2013 International Conference on Applied Electronics, Czech Republic, pp. 1-4, 2013.
- [4] A. Rehman, T. Rasul, M. F. Shafique, B. Ijaz, K. S. Alimgeer, M. S. Khan, R. M. Shubair, N. Khaddaj Mallat, Development of a Cost Effective Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement Setup, 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, pp. 1-4, 2016
- [5] Aaronia HyperLOG-60 LogPeriodic Antennas, https://downloads.aaronia.com/datasheets/antennas/HyperLOG/Aaronia_HyperLOG_60_Logper_Antennas.pdf, 2014 [accessed 2 March 2022].
- [6] Aaronia HyperLOG-70 LogPeriodic Antennas, https://downloads.aaronia.com/datasheets/antennas/HyperLOG/Aaronia_HyperLOG_70_Logper_Antennas.pdf, 2014 [accessed 2 March 2022].
- [7] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Second Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
- [8] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, Fourth Ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.
- [9] J. A. Shaw, Radiometry and the Friis Transmission Equation, American Journal of Physics, 81, 33-37, 2013.
- [10] K. Ates, T. Z. Kocaer, S. Ozen, N.U. Kockal, Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and microwave absorption performance of plaster mortars containing metal waste chips in X-band frequency range. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 57(3), 230-244, 2023.
- [11] N. Gülmez, N.U. Koçkal, Ş. Özen, and Ateş, Corrosion Potential and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Geopolymer Tiles Produced with Waste Metal Particles. Sādhanā, 47 (3), 115, 2022.
- [12] Ç. Gökçek-Saraç, G. Akçay, S. Karakurt, K. Ateş and Ş.Özen, Possible Effects of Different Doses of 2.1 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation on Learning, and Hippocampal Levels of Cholinergic Biomarkers in Wistar Rats, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 40 (1), 179-190, 2021.
- [13] K. Ateş, C. Yeter ve Ş. Özen, WLAN Uygulamaları için 4×4 MIMO Antenin Elektromanyetik Dozimetri Karakteristiğinin İncelenmesi, TIPTEKNO’20, Çevrimiçi, 19-20 Kasım 2020.
- [14] K. Ates and H. F. Carlak, Dosimetry Analysis of the Human Head Model due to Mobile Phone Usage at GSM-850 Frequency Band, 2017 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET), Antalya, Türkiye, 2017.
- [15] J. Olencki, V. Waladi, A. Bekasiewicz ve L. Leifsson, A Low-Cost System for Far-Field Non-Anechoic Measurements of Antenna Performance Figures, IEEE Access, 11, 39165-39175, 2023.
- [16] A. Rehman, T. Rasul, M. F. Shafique, B. Ijaz, K. S. Alimgeer, M. S. Khan, R. M. Shubair ve N. K. Mallat, Development of a Cost Effective Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement Setup, 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2016.
- [17] T. Zhang, L. Du, J. J. Lv, B. Zhou, Y. Yang, X. Y. Zhou, X. Cheng, J. Pei ve T. J. Cui, A Simple System for Measuring Antenna Radiation Patterns in the Wi-Fi Band, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 55 (1), 191-202, 2013.
- [18] C. Fontá, F. R. Varela, A. Arboleya ve E. Martinez-De-Rioja, Robotic Arm-Based Antenna Measurement System, 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and INC/USNC‐URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/INC-USNC-URSI), Firenze, Italy, 2024.
- [19] N. İl, K. Ateş and Ş. Özen, Electromagnetic Field Exposure to Human Head Model with Various Metal Objects at Sub-6 GHz Frequencies, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 42 (3), 114-122, 2023.
- [20] K. Ates, H.F. Carlak and S. Ozen, Dosimetry Analysis of the Magnetic Field of Underground Power Cables and Magnetic Field Mitigation Using an Electromagnetic Shielding Technique, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 28 (3), 1672-1682, 2022.
- [21] K. Ates, H.F. Carlak and S. Ozen, Magnetic Field Exposures due to Underground Power Cables: a Simulation Study, 2nd World Congress on Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems and Science (EECSS'16). 2016.
- [22] M. Bedeloğlu, N. İl, K. Ateş and Ş. Özen, Measurement and Analysis of Electric and Magnetic Field Strength in Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Power System Components, Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 194 (1), 57-64, 2021.