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The Relationship of Thermal and Elastic Properties with Ultrasonic Wave Velocity of WC/Co-Ti Composites

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 20 - 28, 16.06.2019

Abstract




 



In this
study,
it is aimed to produce various composites and reveal their
physical properties. Tungsten carbide (WC) powder and the two of cobalt (Co)
and titanium (Ti) powders as binder phase have been used for the preparation
of WC-Co-Ti ceramic-metal composite with powder metallurgy.  Two different ultrasonic non-destructive
techniques were employed to measure the mechanical wave velocity in WC-Co-Ti
composites. The study was performed on various specimens with different WCx
content at the range from 60 to 80% and Co/Ti content in 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3
groups. The WCx content in examined materials was determined using
the standard destructive analysis. The Young modulus (E) of the produced composites and the ultrasonic velocity measured
through ultrasonic pulse-echo method and immersion method. Thermal
conductivity of samples has been measured via hot disk method. The relation
between the Young modulus' values with ultrasonic wave velocity,  which is obtained through two different
methods and thermal conductivity has been physically examined and the results
have been compared with the literature.


References

  • Ashraf A. A. “Measurement of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of different materials by the transient plane source method using hot disk thermal constants analyzer” (2014), pp. 1–7.
  • Bouda A. B., Halimi R., Benchaalaa A. and Lebaili S. Ultrasonic NDE of materials grain size and hardness. WCU, Paris, (2003).
  • Castellano A., Foti P., Fraddosio A., Marzano S. and Piccioni M.D., “Mechanical Characterization of CFRP Composites by Ultrasonic Immersion Tests: Experimental and Numerical Approaches”, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 66 (2014), pp. 299-310.
  • Castellano A., Foti P., Fraddosio A., Marzano S. and Piccioni M.D., The ultrasonic C-Scan technique for damage evaluation of GFRP composite materials, International Journal of Mechanics, Vol. 10, (2016), pp. 206-212.
  • Ekroth M., Frykholm R., Lindholm M., Andrén H. O. and Ågren J. “Gradient zones in WC–Ti(C,N)–Co-based cemented carbides: experimental study and computer simulations”, Acta Materialia, 48, (2000), p. 2177 – 2185.
  • Fernandes C. M., Senos A. M. R., Vieira M. T., Antunes J. M.” Mechanical characterization of composites prepared from WC powders coated with Ni rich binders”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 26, (2008), p. 491.
  • Fernandes C. M., Senos A. M. R., “Cemented carbide phase diagrams: A review”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 29, (2011), p. 405 – 418.
  • Gaoa Y., Luoa B. H., Heb K. J., Zhanga W. W. and Baia Z. H. “Effect of Fe/Ni ratio on the microstructure and properties of WC-Fe-Ni-Co cemented carbides”, Ceramics International, 44, (2018), p. 2030 – 2041.
  • Genga R. M., Cornish L. A. and Akdoğan G., “Effect of Mo2C additions on the properties of SPS manufactured WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbides”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 41, (2013), p. 12-21.
  • Guo Z., Xiong J., Yang M., Song X. and Jiang C. “Effect of Mo2C on the microstructure and properties of WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbide” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 26, (2008), p. 601-605.
  • Gu D. D. and Shen Y. F., “Influence of reinforcement weight fraction on microstructure and properties of submicron WC-Co-p/Cu bulk MMCs prepared by direct laser sintering”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 431, (2007), p. 112 – 120.Hong S., Wu Y. P., Zhang J. F., Zheng Y. G., Zheng Y. and Lin J. R., “Synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation erosion and corrosion of WC-CoCr and FeCrSiBMn coatings prepared by HVOF spraying”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 31, (2016), p. 563 – 569.
  • Hong S., Wu Y. P., Zhang J. F., Zheng Y. G., Zheng Y. and Lin J. R., “Synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation erosion and corrosion of WC-CoCr and FeCrSiBMn coatings prepared by HVOF spraying”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 31, (2016), p. 563 – 569.
  • Hongsheng C., Keqin F., Ji X., Jianjun L., Zhixing G.and Hui W.,”Characterization and forming process of a functionally graded WC–Co/Ni composite”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 35, (2012), p. 306-310.
  • Konyashin I., Lachmann F., Ries B., Mazilkin A. A., Straumal B. B., Kübel C., Llanes L. and Baretzky B.” Strengthening zones in the Co matrix of WC–Co cemented carbides”, Scripta Materialia, 83, (2014), p. 17 – 20.
  • Krautkramer J. H., “Ultrasonic Testing of Materials”, Springer–Verlag, Berlin, (1977).
  • Krishnaveni K., Sankara N. and Seshadri S. K.,”Electrodeposited Ni–B coatings: Formation and evaluation of hardness and wear resistance”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 99 (2-3), (2006), p. 300-308.
  • Kursawe S, Pott P, Sockel HG, Heinrich W, Wolf M. On the influence of binder content and binder composition on the mechanical properties of hardmetals. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 19,(2001), p. 335–40.
  • Lekatou A., Karantzalis A. E., Evangelou A., Gousia V., Kaptay G., Gacsi Z., Baumli P. and Simon A., “Aluminium reinforced by WC and TiC nanoparticles (exsitu) and aluminide particles (in-situ): Microstructure, wear and corrosion behavior”, Materials & Design, 65, (2015), p. 1121 – 1135.
  • Markham M. F., “Measurement of elastic constants by the ultrasonic pulse method”, British Journal of Applied Physics, 6, (1957), p. 56 – 63.
  • Mohammadzadeh H., Rezaie H., Samim H., Barati M. and Razavizadeh H., “Synthesis of WC–Ni composite powders by thermochemical processing method based on co-precipitation“, 149-150, (2015), p. 145-155.
  • Shon I-J., Jeong I-K., Ko I-Y., Doh J-M. and Woo K-D.,” Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of WC–10Co, WC–10Ni and WC–10Fe hard materials produced by high-frequency induction heated sintering”, Ceramic International, 35, (2009), p. 339-344.
  • Tarrago J. M., Roa J. J., Valle V., Marshall J. M. and Llanes L., “Fracture and fatigue behavior of WC-Co and WC-CoNi cemented carbides”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 49, (2015), p. 184 – 191.
  • Voitovich V. B., Sverdel V. V., Voitovich R. F. and Golovko, E. I.,” Oxidation of WC-Co, WC-Ni and WC-Co-Ni hard metals in the temperature range 500–800 °C”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 14, (1996), p. 289-295.
  • Yi He, “Rapid thermal conductivity measurement with a hot disk sensor Part 1. Theoretical considerations”, Thermochimica Acta, 436, (2005), p. 122 -129.
  • Zhang Z. Q., Wang H. D., Xu B. S. and Zhang G. S., “Investigation on influence of WC-Ni addition on rolling contact fatigue behavior of plasma sprayed Ni-based alloy coating”, Tribology International, 90, (2015), p. 509 – 518.
  • Zhong Y. and Shaw L. L., “Growth mechanisms of WC in WC-5.75 wt% Co”, Ceramics International, 37, (2011), p. 3591 – 3597.
  • Zhong L. S., Zhang X., Wang X., Xu Y. H., Wu H. and Fu Y. H.,”Growth kinetics of WCFe layer formed at the surface iron during solid-phase diffusion”, Ceramics International, 42, (2016), p. 16941 – 16947.
  • Xu P. Q., “Dissimilar welding of WC–Co cemented carbide to Ni42Fe50.9C0.6 Mn3.5Nb3 invar alloy by laser–tungsten inert gas hybrid welding”, Materials and Design, 32, (2011), p. 229-237.
Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 20 - 28, 16.06.2019

Abstract

References

  • Ashraf A. A. “Measurement of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of different materials by the transient plane source method using hot disk thermal constants analyzer” (2014), pp. 1–7.
  • Bouda A. B., Halimi R., Benchaalaa A. and Lebaili S. Ultrasonic NDE of materials grain size and hardness. WCU, Paris, (2003).
  • Castellano A., Foti P., Fraddosio A., Marzano S. and Piccioni M.D., “Mechanical Characterization of CFRP Composites by Ultrasonic Immersion Tests: Experimental and Numerical Approaches”, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 66 (2014), pp. 299-310.
  • Castellano A., Foti P., Fraddosio A., Marzano S. and Piccioni M.D., The ultrasonic C-Scan technique for damage evaluation of GFRP composite materials, International Journal of Mechanics, Vol. 10, (2016), pp. 206-212.
  • Ekroth M., Frykholm R., Lindholm M., Andrén H. O. and Ågren J. “Gradient zones in WC–Ti(C,N)–Co-based cemented carbides: experimental study and computer simulations”, Acta Materialia, 48, (2000), p. 2177 – 2185.
  • Fernandes C. M., Senos A. M. R., Vieira M. T., Antunes J. M.” Mechanical characterization of composites prepared from WC powders coated with Ni rich binders”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 26, (2008), p. 491.
  • Fernandes C. M., Senos A. M. R., “Cemented carbide phase diagrams: A review”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 29, (2011), p. 405 – 418.
  • Gaoa Y., Luoa B. H., Heb K. J., Zhanga W. W. and Baia Z. H. “Effect of Fe/Ni ratio on the microstructure and properties of WC-Fe-Ni-Co cemented carbides”, Ceramics International, 44, (2018), p. 2030 – 2041.
  • Genga R. M., Cornish L. A. and Akdoğan G., “Effect of Mo2C additions on the properties of SPS manufactured WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbides”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 41, (2013), p. 12-21.
  • Guo Z., Xiong J., Yang M., Song X. and Jiang C. “Effect of Mo2C on the microstructure and properties of WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbide” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 26, (2008), p. 601-605.
  • Gu D. D. and Shen Y. F., “Influence of reinforcement weight fraction on microstructure and properties of submicron WC-Co-p/Cu bulk MMCs prepared by direct laser sintering”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 431, (2007), p. 112 – 120.Hong S., Wu Y. P., Zhang J. F., Zheng Y. G., Zheng Y. and Lin J. R., “Synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation erosion and corrosion of WC-CoCr and FeCrSiBMn coatings prepared by HVOF spraying”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 31, (2016), p. 563 – 569.
  • Hong S., Wu Y. P., Zhang J. F., Zheng Y. G., Zheng Y. and Lin J. R., “Synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation erosion and corrosion of WC-CoCr and FeCrSiBMn coatings prepared by HVOF spraying”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 31, (2016), p. 563 – 569.
  • Hongsheng C., Keqin F., Ji X., Jianjun L., Zhixing G.and Hui W.,”Characterization and forming process of a functionally graded WC–Co/Ni composite”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 35, (2012), p. 306-310.
  • Konyashin I., Lachmann F., Ries B., Mazilkin A. A., Straumal B. B., Kübel C., Llanes L. and Baretzky B.” Strengthening zones in the Co matrix of WC–Co cemented carbides”, Scripta Materialia, 83, (2014), p. 17 – 20.
  • Krautkramer J. H., “Ultrasonic Testing of Materials”, Springer–Verlag, Berlin, (1977).
  • Krishnaveni K., Sankara N. and Seshadri S. K.,”Electrodeposited Ni–B coatings: Formation and evaluation of hardness and wear resistance”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 99 (2-3), (2006), p. 300-308.
  • Kursawe S, Pott P, Sockel HG, Heinrich W, Wolf M. On the influence of binder content and binder composition on the mechanical properties of hardmetals. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 19,(2001), p. 335–40.
  • Lekatou A., Karantzalis A. E., Evangelou A., Gousia V., Kaptay G., Gacsi Z., Baumli P. and Simon A., “Aluminium reinforced by WC and TiC nanoparticles (exsitu) and aluminide particles (in-situ): Microstructure, wear and corrosion behavior”, Materials & Design, 65, (2015), p. 1121 – 1135.
  • Markham M. F., “Measurement of elastic constants by the ultrasonic pulse method”, British Journal of Applied Physics, 6, (1957), p. 56 – 63.
  • Mohammadzadeh H., Rezaie H., Samim H., Barati M. and Razavizadeh H., “Synthesis of WC–Ni composite powders by thermochemical processing method based on co-precipitation“, 149-150, (2015), p. 145-155.
  • Shon I-J., Jeong I-K., Ko I-Y., Doh J-M. and Woo K-D.,” Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of WC–10Co, WC–10Ni and WC–10Fe hard materials produced by high-frequency induction heated sintering”, Ceramic International, 35, (2009), p. 339-344.
  • Tarrago J. M., Roa J. J., Valle V., Marshall J. M. and Llanes L., “Fracture and fatigue behavior of WC-Co and WC-CoNi cemented carbides”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 49, (2015), p. 184 – 191.
  • Voitovich V. B., Sverdel V. V., Voitovich R. F. and Golovko, E. I.,” Oxidation of WC-Co, WC-Ni and WC-Co-Ni hard metals in the temperature range 500–800 °C”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 14, (1996), p. 289-295.
  • Yi He, “Rapid thermal conductivity measurement with a hot disk sensor Part 1. Theoretical considerations”, Thermochimica Acta, 436, (2005), p. 122 -129.
  • Zhang Z. Q., Wang H. D., Xu B. S. and Zhang G. S., “Investigation on influence of WC-Ni addition on rolling contact fatigue behavior of plasma sprayed Ni-based alloy coating”, Tribology International, 90, (2015), p. 509 – 518.
  • Zhong Y. and Shaw L. L., “Growth mechanisms of WC in WC-5.75 wt% Co”, Ceramics International, 37, (2011), p. 3591 – 3597.
  • Zhong L. S., Zhang X., Wang X., Xu Y. H., Wu H. and Fu Y. H.,”Growth kinetics of WCFe layer formed at the surface iron during solid-phase diffusion”, Ceramics International, 42, (2016), p. 16941 – 16947.
  • Xu P. Q., “Dissimilar welding of WC–Co cemented carbide to Ni42Fe50.9C0.6 Mn3.5Nb3 invar alloy by laser–tungsten inert gas hybrid welding”, Materials and Design, 32, (2011), p. 229-237.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Classical Physics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Vildan Özkan Bilici 0000-0002-3077-2103

İsmail Hakkı Sarpün 0000-0002-3077-2103

Mehmet Selami Kılıçkaya This is me 0000-0002-3077-2103

Publication Date June 16, 2019
Submission Date March 21, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özkan Bilici, V., Sarpün, İ. H., & Kılıçkaya, M. S. (2019). The Relationship of Thermal and Elastic Properties with Ultrasonic Wave Velocity of WC/Co-Ti Composites. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Uluslararası Mühendislik Teknolojileri Ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 20-28.