Research Article

Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century

Volume: 10 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
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Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century

Abstract

The debate on liberalization and protectionism in the history of international economics has been one of the fundamental issues that have been going on among economists throughout history. Due to the current political and economic developments in the international arena, liberalization policies have come to the forefront in some periods, while protectionism trends have gained strength in some periods. Today, factors such as geopolitical tensions, climate change, pandemics and trade wars are causing significant disruptions in global supply chains. In this process, the customs tariffs imposed by Trump on national security grounds are causing profound transformations in global trade. The global trade system, established under the leadership of the United States after World War II, is now reshaping in line with the national interests of the United States.  The spread of protectionism practices in the world economy, which is integrated with the globalization process, will lead to a shrinking of the global trade volume and increase of economic vulnerabilities. In this context, the transformation of global trade within the framework of the Trump 2.0 period is examined within the theoretical framework. The results of hiss work are as follows: i) Customs tariffs, one of the main protectionism tools in international trade, are legitimized by Trump on the grounds of ‘national security’, but this situation shows a view that contradicts the basic rules of international trade and the basic principles of the multilateral system i.e., the world's economy, which plays an increasing role in the protection of the trade relations increased protectionism in international trade is likely to negatively impact economic growth and development processes by triggering mutual protectionist responses rather than protecting countries. In a global system where goods, services and information can reach one continent to another extremely quickly in a digitalizing age, restrictions and barriers to trade can shrink trade volume, slow growth and increase inflation.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Foreign Trade

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

March 17, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 3

APA
Günsan, N. (2026). Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 277-297. https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643
AMA
1.Günsan N. Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century. AJOSS. 2026;10(3):277-297. doi:10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643
Chicago
Günsan, Nida. 2026. “Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century”. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10 (3): 277-97. https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643.
EndNote
Günsan N (September 1, 2026) Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10 3 277–297.
IEEE
[1]N. Günsan, “Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century”, AJOSS, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 277–297, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643.
ISNAD
Günsan, Nida. “Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century”. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10/3 (September 1, 2026): 277-297. https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643.
JAMA
1.Günsan N. Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century. AJOSS. 2026;10:277–297.
MLA
Günsan, Nida. “Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century”. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 277-9, doi:10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643.
Vancouver
1.Nida Günsan. Transformation of Global Trade in the 2.0 Era of Trump: Trends in Protectionism in the 21st Century. AJOSS. 2026 Sep. 1;10(3):277-9. doi:10.30913/alinterisosbil.1911643