İdeoloji, Siyasi Gündem, ve Çatışma: ABD, Avrupa ve Türkiye’deki Yasama Organlarının Kürt Sorunu Söylemlerinin Bir Karşılaştırması

Year 2017, , 49 - 82, 01.01.2017

Akin Unver

https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.285107

Abstract

Söylem analizini nicel yöntemlerle birleştiren bu yazı, Türkiye, ABD ve AB yasama
organlarının Türkiye’deki Kürt sorununu söylemlerle nasıl inşa ettiğini karşılaştırıyor. 1990-
1999 yılları arasındaki yasama-siyasi söylemleri incelendiğinde, ayrılıkçı bir çatışmaya
maruz kalmış bir ülkenin bu sorunu dış gözlemcilerin ve dış paydaşlardan farklı bir şekilde
algıladığı ve sözlü olarak ifade ettiği ortaya çıkıyor. Çatışmanın yaşandığı ülkeler sorunlarını
daha güvenlik odaklı bir mercekle algılarken, bu çatışmaları dışarıdan gözlemleyenler daha
çok insani boyutlara odaklanmaktadırlar. Türkiye ile ilgili olarak bu makale, politikacıların
çatışmaları nasıl algıladığını ve bu algılamaların Kürt sorununa ilişkin mevcut siyasi
gündemleri üzerindeki etkisini tahlil etmekte ve devlet içi çatışmalar üzerine siyasi söylemleri
incelenmesine yönelik yeni bir model sunmaktadır. Makalede, muhafazakâr politikacıların
Kürt sorununa yaklaşımlarında siyasi gündemin önemli bir dinamik olarak ortaya çıktığı,
liberal/özgürleşme yanlısı politikacılar içinse ideolojinin daha büyük bir rol oynadığı ileri
sürülüyor. Verilere göre, siyasi muhafazakar politikacıların söylemleri mali, seçime yönelik
veya ittifak kurma gibi maddi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterirken, liberal ve/
veya sol kanat politikacıların söylemleri insan hakları ve demokrasi gibi ideolojik sınırlarla
çerçevelenmiştir

Keywords

devletiçi çatışma, çatışma söylemi analizi, yasama siyaseti, Kürt meselesi

Ideology, Political Agenda, and Conflict: A Comparison of American, European, and Turkish Legislatures’ Discourses on Kurdish Question

Abstract

Combining
discourse analysis with quantitative methods, this article compares how the
legislatures of Turkey, the US, and the EU discursively constructed Turkey’s
Kurdish question. An examination of the legislative-political discourse through
1990 to 1999 suggests that a country suffering from a domestic secessionist
conflict perceives and verbalizes the problem differently than outside
observers and external stakeholders do. Host countries of conflicts perceive
their problems through a more security-oriented lens, and those who observe
these conflicts at a distance focus more on the humanitarian aspects. As
regards Turkey, this study tests politicians’ perceptions of conflicts and the
influence of these perceptions on their pre-existing political agendas for the
Kurdish question, and offers a new model for studying political discourse on
intra-state conflicts. The article suggests that a political agenda emerges as
the prevalent dynamic in conservative politicians’ approaches to the Kurdish
question, whereas ideology plays a greater role for liberal/pro-emancipation
politicians. Data shows that politically conservative politicians have greater
variance in their definitions, based on material factors such as financial,
electoral, or alliance-building constraints, whereas liberal and/or left-wing
politicians choose ideologically confined discursive frameworks such as human
rights and democracy.

Keywords

Intra-state conflict, conflict discourse analysis, legislative politics

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