Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2018, , 5 - 30, 13.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.336839

Abstract

References

  • Arnold, Douglas. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
  • Brunnstrom, David. “China Seeks Investment For Disputed Islands, to Launch Flights.” Reuters, January 15, 2016. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-idUSKCN0UT0QR.
  • Burden, Barry. Personal Roots of Representation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
  • Carter, Ralph, and James M. Scott. Choosing to Lead: Understanding Congressional Foreign Policy Entrepreneurs. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009.
  • ——— . “Understanding Congressional Foreign Policy Innovators: Mapping Entrepreneurs and their Strategies.” Social Science Journal 47, no. 2 (2010): 418-38.
  • Cheng, Rita, and Elaine Hou. “U.S. Congress Members Support Taiwan's Initiatives in South China Sea.” Focus Taiwan, December 19, 2015. http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201512190005.aspx.
  • Cloud, David, and Julie Makinen. “China, Angered over Warship Patrol Near Artificial Islands, warns U.S. not to 'create trouble’.” Los Angeles Times, October 26, 2015. http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-navy-china-islands-20151026-story.html.
  • Conley, Richard. “Congress, the Presidency, Information Technology, and the Internet: Policy Entrepreneurship at Both Ends of Pennsylvania Avenue.” In Congress and the Internet, edited by James A. Thurber and Colton C. Campbell, 135-60. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
  • Cooper, Joseph, and Garry Young. “Partisanship, Bipartisanship, and Crosspartisanship in Congress since the New Deal.” In Congress Reconsidered, 6th ed., edited by Lawrence. C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer, 246-73.Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1997.
  • DeLaet, C. James, and James M. Scott. “Treaty Making and Partisan Politics: Arms Control and the U.S. Senate, 1960-2001.” Foreign Policy Analysis 2 (2006): 177-200.
  • DeLuce, Dan. “China Fears Bring the U.S. Military Back to the Philippines.” Foreign Policy, January 12, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/12/china-fears-bring-the-u-s-military-back-to-the-philippines/.
  • ——— . “Lawmakers to White House: Get Tough with Beijing over South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, April 27, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/04/27/lawmakers-to-white-house-get-tough-with-beijing-over-south-china-sea/.
  • ——— . “Senators to Trump: Show Resolve with Beijing in South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, May 10, 2017. http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/05/10/senators-to-trump-show-resolve-with-beijing-in-south-china-sea/.
  • Forsythe, Michael. “Rex Tillerson’s South China Sea Remarks Foreshadow Possible Foreign Policy Crisis.” New York Times, January 12, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/world/asia/rex-tillerson-south-china-sea-us.html . Friedrich, Carl J. Constitutional Government and Democracy: Theory and Practice in Europe and America, rev.ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1941.
  • Fulbright, J. William. The Arrogance of Power. New York: Vintage Books, 1966.
  • ——— . The Crippled Giant: American Foreign Policy and Its Domestic Consequences. New York: Random House, 1972.
  • Garrison, Jean. Making China Policy: From Nixon to G.W. Bush. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
  • George, A., and A. Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
  • Goldsmith, Jack. “Letter from Heads of SFRC and SASC to Kerry and Carter on South China Sea.” Lawfare, March 20, 2015. https://www.lawfareblog.com/letter-heads-sfrc-and-sasc-kerry-and-carter-south-china-sea.
  • Herman, Arthur. “The Showdown in the South China Sea.” The National Review, January 6, 2016. http://www.nationalreview.com/node/429281/print.
  • Hermann, Charles. International Crises: Insights from Behavioral Research. New York: Free Press, 1972.
  • ———, ed. When Things Go Wrong: Foreign Policy Decision Making under Adverse Feedback. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Hersman, Rebecca. Friends and Foes: How Congress and the President Really Make Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings, 2000.
  • Howell, William, and Jon Pevehouse. While Dangers Gather: Congressional Checks on Presidential War Powers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
  • Hurst, Steven. “Parties, Polarization, and US Foreign Policy.” In Obama and the World: New Directions in US Foreign Policy, 2nd edition, edited by Inderjeet Parmar, Linda B. Miller, and Mark Ledwidge. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.
  • Jeon, Yongjoo, and Donald Haider-Markel. “Tracing Issue Definition and Policy Change: An Analysis of Disability Issue Images and Policy Response.” Policy Studies Journal 29 (2001): 215-31.
  • Jochim, Ashley, and Bryan D. Jones. “Issue Politics in A Polarized Congress.” Political Research Quarterly 66, no. 2 (2013): 352-69.
  • Kazianis, Harry. “Can Congress Stop China in the South China Sea.” The National Interest, March 22, 2015. http://nationalinterest.org/print/feature/can-congress-stop-china-the-south-china-sea-12459.
  • Kerry, John. “Remarks on U.S.-China Relations.” Remarks at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Washington, DC, November 4, 2014. http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/11/233705.htm. Kingdon, John. “Models of Legislative Voting.” Journal of Politics 39 (1977): 563-95.
  • Kriner, Douglas. After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2010.
  • Levy, J. “Case Studies: Types, Designs, and Logics of Inference.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (2008): 1-18.
  • Lijphart, A. “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method.” American Political Science Review 65, no. 3 (1971): 682-93.
  • Lindsay, James. “Congress and Foreign Policy: Why the Hill Matters.” Political Science Quarterly 107 (1993): 613.
  • ----. Congress and the Politics of US Foreign Policy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
  • Loomis, Burdett, and Wendy Schiller. The Contemporary Congress, 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 2005.
  • Mayhew, David. America’s Congress: Actions in the Public Sphere, James Madison through Newt Gingrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.
  • McCormick, James, and Eugene Wittkopf. “Bipartisanship, Partisanship, and Ideology in Congressional-Executive Foreign Policy Relations, 1947-1988.” Journal of Politics 52 (1990): 1077-100.
  • McCormick, James, Eugene Wittkopf, and David Danna. “Politics and Bipartisanship at the Water's Edge: A Note on Bush and Clinton.” Polity 30, no. 1 (1997):133-50.
  • McCormick, James, and Neil J. Mitchell. “Commitments, Transnational Interests, and Congress: Who Joins the Congressional Human Rights Caucus?” Political Research Quarterly 60 (2007): 579-92.
  • Melanson, Richard. American Foreign Policy since the Vietnam War: The Search for Consensus from Nixon to Clinton. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
  • O’Rourke, Ronald. Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress (CRS Report No. R42784). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, December 22, 2015.
  • Oneal, John, and Anna Lillian Bryan. “The Rally ‘Round the Flag Effect in U.S. Foreign Policy Crises: 1950-1985.” Political Behavior 17 (1995): 379-401.
  • Panda, Ankit. “US to Support Taiwan in South China Sea Per 2016 Defense Budget Bill.” The Diplomat, October 4, 2015. http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/us-to-support-taiwan-in-south-china-sea-per-2016-defense-budget-bill/.
  • Pastor, Robert. Whirlpool: US Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.
  • Perlez, Jane. “Tribunal Rejects Beijing’s Claims in South China Sea.” New York Times, July 12, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/world/asia/south-china-sea-hague-ruling-philippines.html.
  • Rapp-Hooper, Mira. “Before and After: The South China Sea Transformed.” Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. Center for Strategic and International Studies, February 18, 2015.
  • Ripley, Randall, and Grace Franklin. Congress, the Bureaucracy, and Public Policy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1990.
  • Ripley, Randall, and James Lindsay. “Foreign and Defense Policy in Congress: An Overview and Preview.” In Congress Resurgent: Foreign and Defense Policy on Capitol Hill, edited by Randall Ripley and James Lindsay, 3-16. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
  • Rudalevige, Andrew. “The Executive Branch and the Legislative Process.” In The Executive Branch, edited by Joel D. Aberbach and Mark A. Peterson, 419-51. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Schraeder, Peter. United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Scott, James M. Deciding to Intervene: The Reagan Doctrine and American Foreign Policy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996.
  • Scott, James M. “In the Loop: Congressional Influence in American Foreign Policy.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 25 (1997):47-76.
  • Scott, James M., and Ralph Carter. “Acting on the Hill: Congressional Assertiveness in U.S. Foreign Policy.” Congress & the Presidency 29 (2002):151-69.
  • ——— . “The Not-So-Silent Partner: Patterns of Legislative-Executive Interaction on the War on Terror.” International Studies Perspectives 15, no. 2 (2014): 186-208.
  • Smeltz, Dina, Ivo Daalder, Karl Friedho, and Craig Kafura. America Divided: Political Partisanship and US Foreign Policy. Chicago: Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 2015.
  • Smith, Steven. “Congressional Party Leaders.” In The President, The Congress, and the Making of Foreign Policy, edited by Paul E. Peterson, 129-60. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
  • Torbati, Yeganeh. “Pentagon Chief Visits U.S. Carrier in Disputed South China Sea, blames Beijing for tension.” Reuters, November 5, 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-usa-carter-idUSKCN0ST35J20151105.
  • Torbati, Yeganeh, and Trinna Leong. “ASEAN Defense Chiefs Fail to Agree on South China Sea Statement.” Reuters, November 4, 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-asean-malaysia-statement-idUSKCN0ST07G20151104.
  • Trubowitz, Peter. Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition and American Statecraft. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
  • Trubowitz, Peter, and Nicole Mellow. “Foreign Policy, Bipartisanship and the Paradox of Post-September 11 America.” International Politics 48 (2011):164-87.
  • Valencia, Mark. “Trump’s South China Sea policy taking shape.” Japan Times, June 23, 2017. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/06/23/commentary/world-commentary/trumps-south-china-sea-policy-taking-shape/#.WXIlQca-LGI.
  • Van Evera, S. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1997. Wawro, Gregory. Legislative Entrepreneurship in the U.S. House of Representatives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001.
  • Webb Hammond, Susan. “Congressional Caucuses in the Policy Process.” In Congress Reconsidered, 4th ed., edited by Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer., 351-71. Washington: CQ Press, 1989. Westcott, Ben, and Barbara Starr. “South China Sea: US warship challenges China's claims with first operation under Trump.” CNN, May 25, 2017. http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/24/politics/south-china-sea-us-mischief-reef/index.html.

The Challenge of the South China Sea: Congressional Engagement and the U.S. Policy Response

Year 2018, , 5 - 30, 13.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.336839

Abstract

Maritime territorial disputes in Asia are increasingly contentious, with
competing claims and confrontations among numerous states of the region
carrying significant implications for the relations among the countries of
the region, between the U.S. and the region, and for the broader US-China
relationship. This analysis examines the politics of the U.S. approach to the
challenge, focusing on the role of Congress as a factor shaping the U.S.
response. After establishing an analytical framework that directs attention
to legislative-executive interactions and the domestic political/institutional
context, it assesses the consequences of this context for U.S. policies and
approaches to the problem. The analysis reveals the sequence and dynamics
of congressional engagement, by which members moved from indirect and
non-legislative approaches to direct and legislative approaches to narrow the
boundaries and the shape the direction of US foreign policy. It concludes by
addressing the implications for the U.S. approach and the relationships among
the key parties.

References

  • Arnold, Douglas. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
  • Brunnstrom, David. “China Seeks Investment For Disputed Islands, to Launch Flights.” Reuters, January 15, 2016. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-idUSKCN0UT0QR.
  • Burden, Barry. Personal Roots of Representation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
  • Carter, Ralph, and James M. Scott. Choosing to Lead: Understanding Congressional Foreign Policy Entrepreneurs. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009.
  • ——— . “Understanding Congressional Foreign Policy Innovators: Mapping Entrepreneurs and their Strategies.” Social Science Journal 47, no. 2 (2010): 418-38.
  • Cheng, Rita, and Elaine Hou. “U.S. Congress Members Support Taiwan's Initiatives in South China Sea.” Focus Taiwan, December 19, 2015. http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201512190005.aspx.
  • Cloud, David, and Julie Makinen. “China, Angered over Warship Patrol Near Artificial Islands, warns U.S. not to 'create trouble’.” Los Angeles Times, October 26, 2015. http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-navy-china-islands-20151026-story.html.
  • Conley, Richard. “Congress, the Presidency, Information Technology, and the Internet: Policy Entrepreneurship at Both Ends of Pennsylvania Avenue.” In Congress and the Internet, edited by James A. Thurber and Colton C. Campbell, 135-60. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
  • Cooper, Joseph, and Garry Young. “Partisanship, Bipartisanship, and Crosspartisanship in Congress since the New Deal.” In Congress Reconsidered, 6th ed., edited by Lawrence. C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer, 246-73.Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1997.
  • DeLaet, C. James, and James M. Scott. “Treaty Making and Partisan Politics: Arms Control and the U.S. Senate, 1960-2001.” Foreign Policy Analysis 2 (2006): 177-200.
  • DeLuce, Dan. “China Fears Bring the U.S. Military Back to the Philippines.” Foreign Policy, January 12, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/12/china-fears-bring-the-u-s-military-back-to-the-philippines/.
  • ——— . “Lawmakers to White House: Get Tough with Beijing over South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, April 27, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/04/27/lawmakers-to-white-house-get-tough-with-beijing-over-south-china-sea/.
  • ——— . “Senators to Trump: Show Resolve with Beijing in South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, May 10, 2017. http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/05/10/senators-to-trump-show-resolve-with-beijing-in-south-china-sea/.
  • Forsythe, Michael. “Rex Tillerson’s South China Sea Remarks Foreshadow Possible Foreign Policy Crisis.” New York Times, January 12, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/world/asia/rex-tillerson-south-china-sea-us.html . Friedrich, Carl J. Constitutional Government and Democracy: Theory and Practice in Europe and America, rev.ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1941.
  • Fulbright, J. William. The Arrogance of Power. New York: Vintage Books, 1966.
  • ——— . The Crippled Giant: American Foreign Policy and Its Domestic Consequences. New York: Random House, 1972.
  • Garrison, Jean. Making China Policy: From Nixon to G.W. Bush. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
  • George, A., and A. Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
  • Goldsmith, Jack. “Letter from Heads of SFRC and SASC to Kerry and Carter on South China Sea.” Lawfare, March 20, 2015. https://www.lawfareblog.com/letter-heads-sfrc-and-sasc-kerry-and-carter-south-china-sea.
  • Herman, Arthur. “The Showdown in the South China Sea.” The National Review, January 6, 2016. http://www.nationalreview.com/node/429281/print.
  • Hermann, Charles. International Crises: Insights from Behavioral Research. New York: Free Press, 1972.
  • ———, ed. When Things Go Wrong: Foreign Policy Decision Making under Adverse Feedback. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Hersman, Rebecca. Friends and Foes: How Congress and the President Really Make Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings, 2000.
  • Howell, William, and Jon Pevehouse. While Dangers Gather: Congressional Checks on Presidential War Powers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
  • Hurst, Steven. “Parties, Polarization, and US Foreign Policy.” In Obama and the World: New Directions in US Foreign Policy, 2nd edition, edited by Inderjeet Parmar, Linda B. Miller, and Mark Ledwidge. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.
  • Jeon, Yongjoo, and Donald Haider-Markel. “Tracing Issue Definition and Policy Change: An Analysis of Disability Issue Images and Policy Response.” Policy Studies Journal 29 (2001): 215-31.
  • Jochim, Ashley, and Bryan D. Jones. “Issue Politics in A Polarized Congress.” Political Research Quarterly 66, no. 2 (2013): 352-69.
  • Kazianis, Harry. “Can Congress Stop China in the South China Sea.” The National Interest, March 22, 2015. http://nationalinterest.org/print/feature/can-congress-stop-china-the-south-china-sea-12459.
  • Kerry, John. “Remarks on U.S.-China Relations.” Remarks at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Washington, DC, November 4, 2014. http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/11/233705.htm. Kingdon, John. “Models of Legislative Voting.” Journal of Politics 39 (1977): 563-95.
  • Kriner, Douglas. After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2010.
  • Levy, J. “Case Studies: Types, Designs, and Logics of Inference.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (2008): 1-18.
  • Lijphart, A. “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method.” American Political Science Review 65, no. 3 (1971): 682-93.
  • Lindsay, James. “Congress and Foreign Policy: Why the Hill Matters.” Political Science Quarterly 107 (1993): 613.
  • ----. Congress and the Politics of US Foreign Policy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
  • Loomis, Burdett, and Wendy Schiller. The Contemporary Congress, 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 2005.
  • Mayhew, David. America’s Congress: Actions in the Public Sphere, James Madison through Newt Gingrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.
  • McCormick, James, and Eugene Wittkopf. “Bipartisanship, Partisanship, and Ideology in Congressional-Executive Foreign Policy Relations, 1947-1988.” Journal of Politics 52 (1990): 1077-100.
  • McCormick, James, Eugene Wittkopf, and David Danna. “Politics and Bipartisanship at the Water's Edge: A Note on Bush and Clinton.” Polity 30, no. 1 (1997):133-50.
  • McCormick, James, and Neil J. Mitchell. “Commitments, Transnational Interests, and Congress: Who Joins the Congressional Human Rights Caucus?” Political Research Quarterly 60 (2007): 579-92.
  • Melanson, Richard. American Foreign Policy since the Vietnam War: The Search for Consensus from Nixon to Clinton. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
  • O’Rourke, Ronald. Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress (CRS Report No. R42784). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, December 22, 2015.
  • Oneal, John, and Anna Lillian Bryan. “The Rally ‘Round the Flag Effect in U.S. Foreign Policy Crises: 1950-1985.” Political Behavior 17 (1995): 379-401.
  • Panda, Ankit. “US to Support Taiwan in South China Sea Per 2016 Defense Budget Bill.” The Diplomat, October 4, 2015. http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/us-to-support-taiwan-in-south-china-sea-per-2016-defense-budget-bill/.
  • Pastor, Robert. Whirlpool: US Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.
  • Perlez, Jane. “Tribunal Rejects Beijing’s Claims in South China Sea.” New York Times, July 12, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/world/asia/south-china-sea-hague-ruling-philippines.html.
  • Rapp-Hooper, Mira. “Before and After: The South China Sea Transformed.” Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. Center for Strategic and International Studies, February 18, 2015.
  • Ripley, Randall, and Grace Franklin. Congress, the Bureaucracy, and Public Policy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1990.
  • Ripley, Randall, and James Lindsay. “Foreign and Defense Policy in Congress: An Overview and Preview.” In Congress Resurgent: Foreign and Defense Policy on Capitol Hill, edited by Randall Ripley and James Lindsay, 3-16. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
  • Rudalevige, Andrew. “The Executive Branch and the Legislative Process.” In The Executive Branch, edited by Joel D. Aberbach and Mark A. Peterson, 419-51. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Schraeder, Peter. United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Scott, James M. Deciding to Intervene: The Reagan Doctrine and American Foreign Policy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996.
  • Scott, James M. “In the Loop: Congressional Influence in American Foreign Policy.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 25 (1997):47-76.
  • Scott, James M., and Ralph Carter. “Acting on the Hill: Congressional Assertiveness in U.S. Foreign Policy.” Congress & the Presidency 29 (2002):151-69.
  • ——— . “The Not-So-Silent Partner: Patterns of Legislative-Executive Interaction on the War on Terror.” International Studies Perspectives 15, no. 2 (2014): 186-208.
  • Smeltz, Dina, Ivo Daalder, Karl Friedho, and Craig Kafura. America Divided: Political Partisanship and US Foreign Policy. Chicago: Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 2015.
  • Smith, Steven. “Congressional Party Leaders.” In The President, The Congress, and the Making of Foreign Policy, edited by Paul E. Peterson, 129-60. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
  • Torbati, Yeganeh. “Pentagon Chief Visits U.S. Carrier in Disputed South China Sea, blames Beijing for tension.” Reuters, November 5, 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-usa-carter-idUSKCN0ST35J20151105.
  • Torbati, Yeganeh, and Trinna Leong. “ASEAN Defense Chiefs Fail to Agree on South China Sea Statement.” Reuters, November 4, 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-asean-malaysia-statement-idUSKCN0ST07G20151104.
  • Trubowitz, Peter. Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition and American Statecraft. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
  • Trubowitz, Peter, and Nicole Mellow. “Foreign Policy, Bipartisanship and the Paradox of Post-September 11 America.” International Politics 48 (2011):164-87.
  • Valencia, Mark. “Trump’s South China Sea policy taking shape.” Japan Times, June 23, 2017. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/06/23/commentary/world-commentary/trumps-south-china-sea-policy-taking-shape/#.WXIlQca-LGI.
  • Van Evera, S. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1997. Wawro, Gregory. Legislative Entrepreneurship in the U.S. House of Representatives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001.
  • Webb Hammond, Susan. “Congressional Caucuses in the Policy Process.” In Congress Reconsidered, 4th ed., edited by Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer., 351-71. Washington: CQ Press, 1989. Westcott, Ben, and Barbara Starr. “South China Sea: US warship challenges China's claims with first operation under Trump.” CNN, May 25, 2017. http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/24/politics/south-china-sea-us-mischief-reef/index.html.
There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

James M. Scott This is me

Publication Date June 13, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

Chicago Scott, James M. “The Challenge of the South China Sea: Congressional Engagement and the U.S. Policy Response”. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 7, no. 2 (June 2018): 5-30. https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.336839.

Widening the World of IR