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China Reaches Turkey? Radio Peking’s Turkish Language Broadcasts During the Cold War

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 19 - 33, 14.09.2012
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.167301

Abstract

References

  • Chinese Language:
  • Cong Yingmin, ed. Guoji guangbo fazhan qushi yanjiu [Research on the Development of China Radio International]. Beijing: Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 1996.
  • Ding Ganlin, ed. Zhongguo xinwen shiye shi [History of China’s Journalism Work]. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe, 2002
  • Duan Liancheng. Zenyang duiwai jieshao zhongguo: duiwai chuanboxue chutan [How to Introduce China to Foreigners]. Beijing: Zhongguo duiwai fanyi chuban gongsi, 1993.
  • Gan Xianfeng. Zhongguo duiwai xinwen chuanbo shi [History of China’s Foreign News Broadcasts]. Fuzhou: Fujian renmin chubanshe, 2004.
  • Gao Jiming, ed. Nanwang suiyue [Unforgettable Years], Guoji guangbo diantai (guoji guangbo congshu) bianweihui bian. Beijing: Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 2001.
  • Huang Daqiang ed. Zhongguo guoji guangbo huiyilu [Recollections of Chinese International Broadcasting]. Beijing: Zhonnguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 1996.
  • Huang Zecun. Xin shiqi duiwai xuanchuan lungao [Draft Discussion of the Foreign Propaganda in the New Era]. Beijing: Wuzhou chuanbo chubanshe, 2002.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International
  • CRI’s online broadcast content can be found at the official website for Turkish broadcasts (http://turkish.cri.cn/).
  • See, Li Dan, Chen Minyi, Bumen zhi, Vol. 2, 318 Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 4, 2005.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 3, 2003.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 2, 2001.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 1, 2001.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai zhi,(shang) [Record of the China International Broadcasting Station, 1.volume]. Beijing: Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 2001.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai zhi,(xia) [Record of the China International Broadcasting Station, 2.volume]. Beijing: Zhongguo Guoji guangbo chubanshe, 2001.
  • Lin Zhida. Zhongguo gongchandang xuanchuan shi [Chinese Communist Party Propaganda History]. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe, 2001.
  • Pei Jianzhang, ed. Mao Zedong waijiao sixiang yanjiu [Research on Mao Zedong’s Foreign Relations Thinking] Zhonghua renmin gongheguo waijiao bu waijiao shi yanjiu shi bian. Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe, 1994.
  • Shen Suru. Duiwai baodao yewu jichu [Fundamentals of Foreign Reporting Work]. Beijing: Zhongguo jianshe chubanshe, 1989.
  • Shen Suru. Duiwai chuanbo de lilun he shixian [Theory and Practice of Foreign Broadcasts]. Beijing: Wuzhou chuanbo chubanshe, 2004.
  • Shen Suru. Duiwai chuanbo xue gaiyao[China’s International Communication –A theoretical study]. Beijing: Jinri zhongguo chubanshe, 1999.
  • Tong Zhixia. Zhongguo guoji xinwen chuanbo shi [A History of International News Communicaton of China]. Beijing: Zhongguo chuanbo daxue chubanshe, 2006 .
  • Zhang Kun. Guojia xingxiang chuanbo [Disseminating the Image of the Country]. Shanghai: Fudan Daxue Chubanshe, 2005.
  • Zhang Kun. Chuanbo guannian de lishi kaocha [Historical Analysis of Propaganda Concepts] Wuhan: Wuhan daxue chubanshe, 1997.
  • Zhang Yongde. Jianguo yilai wo guo duiwai xuanchuan de fansi [Examination of the Foreign Propaganda of Our Country Since Its Foundation]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Journalism Department, unpublished master’s thesis, 2003.
  • Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo Diantai Tai shi bian bianzu (Editorial board for the history of the China Radio International). Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo shiliao jianbian (1947-1987) [Short Edition of China Radio International Historical Materials (1947-1987)]. Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 1987. English Language:
  • ------------, The External Information and Cultural Relations Programs of the People’s Republic of China. United States Information Agency, Research Service, 1973.
  • Barnouin, Barbara, Yu Changgen eds. Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution. London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1998.
  • Bastid-Bruguiere, Marianne. “Patterns of Propaganda Organization in the National-revolutionary Movement in China in the 1920s”. In The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: between Triumph and Disaster, edited by Mechthild Leutner, et al., 3-29. London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2002.
  • Brady, Anne- Marie. “Treat Insiders and Outsiders Differently: The Use and Control of Foreigners in the PRC.” The China Quarterly 164 (Dec., 2000): 943-964.
  • Brady, Anne- Marie. Making the Foreign Serve China: Managing Foreigners in the People’s Republic. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003.
  • Chang, Julian. “The mechanics of state propaganda: The People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union in the 1950s.” In New Perspectives on State Socialism in China, Timothy Cheek, et al., 76-124. Armonk, NY: London, M.E. Sharpe, 1997.
  • Cheek, Timothy, “The Honorable Vocation: Intellectual Service in CCP Propaganda Institutions in Jin-Cha Ji, 1937- 1945.” In New Perspectives on the Chinese Communist Revolution Armonk, edited by Toby Saich, Hans J. Van de Ven, 235-262. N.Y; London: M.E. Sharpe, 1995.
  • Cheek, Timothy. “The Fading of Wild Lilies: Wang Shiwei and Mao Zedong’s Yan’an Talks in the First CPC Rectification Movement.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs No. 11 (Jan., 1984): 25-58.
  • Cheek, Timothy. Propaganda and Culture in Mao’s China: Deng Tuo and the Intelligentsia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
  • Chen Jian. Mao’s China and the Cold War. University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • Chen Ni. “From Propaganda to Public Relations: Evolutionary change in the Chinese government.” Asian Journal of Communication (Singapore) 13 no.2 (2003): 96-121.
  • Ching, Frank. “Red China Strives to Sway World Opinion.” New York Times, 14 March 1969.
  • Cull, Nicholas, David Culbert, David Welch eds. Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to Present. ABC Clio: Santa Barbara, CA, 2003.
  • Cunningham, Stanley B. The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2002.
  • Deery, Philip. “Propaganda in the Cold War.” Social Alternatives 23 Third Quarter (2004): 15-21.
  • Epstein, Israel. My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and Journalist. San Francisco: Long River Press, 2005.
  • Evans, F. Bowen. Worldwide Communist Propaganda Activities. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1955.
  • Hsiao, Ching-Chang and Timothy Cheek. “Open and Closed Media: External and Internal Newspapers in the Propaganda System.” In Decision-making in Deng’s China: Perspectives from Insiders, edited by Carol Lee Hamrin and Suisheng Zhao, 76-87. Armonk, N.Y. and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1995.
  • Jang, John Lan. Radio Peking and Its International Broadcasts, unpublished master’s thesis, Journalism Dep. Los Angeles: University of California, 1961.
  • Ji Fengyuan. Linguistic Engineering:Language and Politics in Mao’s China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2003.
  • Passin, Herbert. China’s Cultural Diplomacy. New York: Praeger, 1963.
  • Ye Zhimei. “Radio Peking and Its Listeners.”China Reconstructs (February 1981): 57-59.

China Reaches Turkey? Radio Peking’s Turkish Language Broadcasts During the Cold War

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 19 - 33, 14.09.2012
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.167301

Abstract

A young socialist regime with few diplomatic ties in the 1950s and 1960s, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) made significant attempts to reach foreign audiences through the use of mass media. Shortwave broadcasting was a particularly significant means of disseminating the PRC’s worldview abroad. Radio Peking’s Turkish language section, which was established in 1957 along with Arabic and Persian broadcasts, signaled China’s desire to reach countries in the Middle East. Predating official Sino-Turkish ties and providing a direct cultural link between China and Turkey at a time when few such channels existed, Radio Peking’s Turkish language broadcasts should be regarded as a significant aspect of Sino-Turkish relations during the Cold War years. Based on recently available Chinese language sources, as well as interviews with retired staff, this article examines Radio Peking’s Turkish language section with regard to its organization, program content and audience from 1957 to 1976. It is significant that the PRC regime continued its Turkish language broadcasts amidst various challenges, such as administrative instability, lack of trained personnel, poor technical equipment and unsatisfactory audience numbers. 

References

  • Chinese Language:
  • Cong Yingmin, ed. Guoji guangbo fazhan qushi yanjiu [Research on the Development of China Radio International]. Beijing: Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 1996.
  • Ding Ganlin, ed. Zhongguo xinwen shiye shi [History of China’s Journalism Work]. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe, 2002
  • Duan Liancheng. Zenyang duiwai jieshao zhongguo: duiwai chuanboxue chutan [How to Introduce China to Foreigners]. Beijing: Zhongguo duiwai fanyi chuban gongsi, 1993.
  • Gan Xianfeng. Zhongguo duiwai xinwen chuanbo shi [History of China’s Foreign News Broadcasts]. Fuzhou: Fujian renmin chubanshe, 2004.
  • Gao Jiming, ed. Nanwang suiyue [Unforgettable Years], Guoji guangbo diantai (guoji guangbo congshu) bianweihui bian. Beijing: Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 2001.
  • Huang Daqiang ed. Zhongguo guoji guangbo huiyilu [Recollections of Chinese International Broadcasting]. Beijing: Zhonnguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 1996.
  • Huang Zecun. Xin shiqi duiwai xuanchuan lungao [Draft Discussion of the Foreign Propaganda in the New Era]. Beijing: Wuzhou chuanbo chubanshe, 2002.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International
  • CRI’s online broadcast content can be found at the official website for Turkish broadcasts (http://turkish.cri.cn/).
  • See, Li Dan, Chen Minyi, Bumen zhi, Vol. 2, 318 Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 4, 2005.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 3, 2003.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 2, 2001.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai bumen zhi [Departmental Record of China International Broadcasting Station]. Beijing: Guoji guangbo chubanshe, Volume 1, 2001.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai zhi,(shang) [Record of the China International Broadcasting Station, 1.volume]. Beijing: Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 2001.
  • Li Dan, Chen Minyi eds. Zhongguo guoji guangbo diantai zhi,(xia) [Record of the China International Broadcasting Station, 2.volume]. Beijing: Zhongguo Guoji guangbo chubanshe, 2001.
  • Lin Zhida. Zhongguo gongchandang xuanchuan shi [Chinese Communist Party Propaganda History]. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe, 2001.
  • Pei Jianzhang, ed. Mao Zedong waijiao sixiang yanjiu [Research on Mao Zedong’s Foreign Relations Thinking] Zhonghua renmin gongheguo waijiao bu waijiao shi yanjiu shi bian. Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe, 1994.
  • Shen Suru. Duiwai baodao yewu jichu [Fundamentals of Foreign Reporting Work]. Beijing: Zhongguo jianshe chubanshe, 1989.
  • Shen Suru. Duiwai chuanbo de lilun he shixian [Theory and Practice of Foreign Broadcasts]. Beijing: Wuzhou chuanbo chubanshe, 2004.
  • Shen Suru. Duiwai chuanbo xue gaiyao[China’s International Communication –A theoretical study]. Beijing: Jinri zhongguo chubanshe, 1999.
  • Tong Zhixia. Zhongguo guoji xinwen chuanbo shi [A History of International News Communicaton of China]. Beijing: Zhongguo chuanbo daxue chubanshe, 2006 .
  • Zhang Kun. Guojia xingxiang chuanbo [Disseminating the Image of the Country]. Shanghai: Fudan Daxue Chubanshe, 2005.
  • Zhang Kun. Chuanbo guannian de lishi kaocha [Historical Analysis of Propaganda Concepts] Wuhan: Wuhan daxue chubanshe, 1997.
  • Zhang Yongde. Jianguo yilai wo guo duiwai xuanchuan de fansi [Examination of the Foreign Propaganda of Our Country Since Its Foundation]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Journalism Department, unpublished master’s thesis, 2003.
  • Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo Diantai Tai shi bian bianzu (Editorial board for the history of the China Radio International). Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo shiliao jianbian (1947-1987) [Short Edition of China Radio International Historical Materials (1947-1987)]. Zhongguo guoji guangbo chubanshe, 1987. English Language:
  • ------------, The External Information and Cultural Relations Programs of the People’s Republic of China. United States Information Agency, Research Service, 1973.
  • Barnouin, Barbara, Yu Changgen eds. Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution. London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1998.
  • Bastid-Bruguiere, Marianne. “Patterns of Propaganda Organization in the National-revolutionary Movement in China in the 1920s”. In The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: between Triumph and Disaster, edited by Mechthild Leutner, et al., 3-29. London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2002.
  • Brady, Anne- Marie. “Treat Insiders and Outsiders Differently: The Use and Control of Foreigners in the PRC.” The China Quarterly 164 (Dec., 2000): 943-964.
  • Brady, Anne- Marie. Making the Foreign Serve China: Managing Foreigners in the People’s Republic. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003.
  • Chang, Julian. “The mechanics of state propaganda: The People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union in the 1950s.” In New Perspectives on State Socialism in China, Timothy Cheek, et al., 76-124. Armonk, NY: London, M.E. Sharpe, 1997.
  • Cheek, Timothy, “The Honorable Vocation: Intellectual Service in CCP Propaganda Institutions in Jin-Cha Ji, 1937- 1945.” In New Perspectives on the Chinese Communist Revolution Armonk, edited by Toby Saich, Hans J. Van de Ven, 235-262. N.Y; London: M.E. Sharpe, 1995.
  • Cheek, Timothy. “The Fading of Wild Lilies: Wang Shiwei and Mao Zedong’s Yan’an Talks in the First CPC Rectification Movement.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs No. 11 (Jan., 1984): 25-58.
  • Cheek, Timothy. Propaganda and Culture in Mao’s China: Deng Tuo and the Intelligentsia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
  • Chen Jian. Mao’s China and the Cold War. University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • Chen Ni. “From Propaganda to Public Relations: Evolutionary change in the Chinese government.” Asian Journal of Communication (Singapore) 13 no.2 (2003): 96-121.
  • Ching, Frank. “Red China Strives to Sway World Opinion.” New York Times, 14 March 1969.
  • Cull, Nicholas, David Culbert, David Welch eds. Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to Present. ABC Clio: Santa Barbara, CA, 2003.
  • Cunningham, Stanley B. The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2002.
  • Deery, Philip. “Propaganda in the Cold War.” Social Alternatives 23 Third Quarter (2004): 15-21.
  • Epstein, Israel. My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and Journalist. San Francisco: Long River Press, 2005.
  • Evans, F. Bowen. Worldwide Communist Propaganda Activities. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1955.
  • Hsiao, Ching-Chang and Timothy Cheek. “Open and Closed Media: External and Internal Newspapers in the Propaganda System.” In Decision-making in Deng’s China: Perspectives from Insiders, edited by Carol Lee Hamrin and Suisheng Zhao, 76-87. Armonk, N.Y. and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1995.
  • Jang, John Lan. Radio Peking and Its International Broadcasts, unpublished master’s thesis, Journalism Dep. Los Angeles: University of California, 1961.
  • Ji Fengyuan. Linguistic Engineering:Language and Politics in Mao’s China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2003.
  • Passin, Herbert. China’s Cultural Diplomacy. New York: Praeger, 1963.
  • Ye Zhimei. “Radio Peking and Its Listeners.”China Reconstructs (February 1981): 57-59.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağlar Üngör This is me

Publication Date September 14, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Üngör, Çağlar. “China Reaches Turkey? Radio Peking’s Turkish Language Broadcasts During the Cold War”. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 1, no. 2 (December 2012): 19-33. https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.167301.

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