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Alternatives to the State: Or, Why a Non-Western IR Must Be a Revolutionary Science

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 149 - 162, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.747068

Abstract

The idea of the sovereign state is at the core of the Western understanding of international politics. If we are serious about coming up with non-Western theories of international politics, it is the state that must be questioned. This article suggests some ways in which this can be done. Only once we have unthought the state can we reconstruct international politics as a more equitable, and peaceful, world order.

References

  • Adi, Hakim. Pan-Africanism: A History. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
  • Badescu, Cristina Gabriela. Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: Security and Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2012.
  • Barkey, Karen, and George Gavrilis. “The Ottoman Millet System: Non-Territorial Autonomy and Its Contemporary Legacy.” Ethnopolitics 15, no. 1 (2016): 24–42.
  • Berent, Moshe. A Nation like All Nations: Towards the Establishment of an Israeli Republic. New Rochelle: Israel Academic Press, 2015.
  • Blockmans, Wim. “Inclusiveness and Exclusion: Trust Networks at the Origins of European Cities.” Theory and Society 39, no. 3–4 (2010): 315–26.
  • Brooks, Rosa Ehrenreich. “Failed States, or the State as Failure?” The University of Chicago Law Review 72, no. 4 (2005): 1159–96.
  • Chesterton, G. K. “Matthew Arnold, among Much That Was Arid and Arbitrary...” Illustrated London News, September 18, 1909.
  • Chittolini, Giorgio. “The "Private " the "Public," the State.” The Journal of Modern History 67 (1995): 34–61.
  • Deringil, Selim. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1909. London and NY: I. B. Tauris, 1999.
  • Farah, Tawfic E. Pan-Arabism and Arab Nationalism: The Continuing Debate. Oxon and New York: Routledge, 1987. Fauvelle, François-Xavier. The Golden Rhinoceros: Histories of the African Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.
  • Furbank, Philip N. “Chesterton, the Edwardian.” In G.K. Chesterton: A Centenary Appraisal, edited by John Sullivan. London: HarperCollins, 1974.
  • Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 2015.
  • –––. “Introduction.” (19 November 1909) In A Letter to a Hindu, by Leo Tolstoy. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7176/7176-h/7176-h.htm.
  • Green, Martin B. Gandhi: Voice of a New Age Revolution. Mount Jackson: Axios Press, 2009.
  • Highet, Keith. “Enigma of the Lex Mercatoria.” Tulane Law Review 63 (1988): 613–28.
  • Juenger, Friedrich K. “The Lex Mercatoria and Private International Law.” Louisiana Law Review 60 (1999): 1133–150.
  • Kedourie, Elie. Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
  • Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
  • Kusimba, Chapurukha M. The Rise and Fall of Swahili States. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 1999.
  • Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books, 1999.
  • Landau, Jacob M. Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: C. Hurst &Co., 1995.
  • Lattimore, Owen. “The Outer Mongolian Horizon.” In Studies In Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958, 259–69. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.
  • Mahan, Alfred Thayer. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783. Boston: Little Brown& Co.,1892.
  • Manning, Charles A.W. The Nature of International Society. London: Macmillan, 1975.
  • Marks, Michael P. Metaphors in International Relations Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • Massing, Michael. Fatal Discord: Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind. New York: Harper, 2018.
  • McCrindle, John Watson. The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythraean Sea: Being a Translation of the Periplus Maris ... London: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1879.
  • Menkhaus, Ken. “Traditional Conflict Management in Contemporary Somalia.” In Traditional Cures for Modern Conflicts: African Conflict “medicine", edited by Ira William Zartman, 183–200. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000.
  • Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Sea-Power in Greek Thought.” The Classical Review 58, no. 1 (1944): 1–7.
  • Mubarak, Jamil A. “The ‘Hidden Hand’ behind the Resilience of the Stateless Economy of Somalia.” World Development 25, no. 12 (1997): 2027–041.
  • Nandy, Ashis. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  • Pipes, Daniel. Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Poe, Daryl Zizwe. Kwame Nkrumah’s Contribution to Pan-Africanism: An Afrocentric Analysis. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Ringmar, Erik. “Order in a Borderless World: Nomads Confront Globalization.” In Theorizing Global Order: The International, Culture and Governance, edited by Gunther Hellman. Frankfurt: Campus, 2018.
  • ———. History of International Relations. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2019. Rosberg, Carl Gustav, and Aaron Segal. “An East African Federation.” International Conciliation no. 543 (1963): 5–72.
  • Russell, Gerard. Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East. New York: Basic Books, 2014.
  • Sassen, Saskia. Global Networks, Linked Cities. London: Routledge, 2016.
  • Scott, James C. Against the Grain: Plants, Animals, Microbes, Captives, Barbarians, and a New Story of Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
  • Shumsky, Dmitry. Beyond the Nation-State: The Zionist Political Imagination from Pinsker to Ben-Gurion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018.
  • Solomon, Ty. “Ontological Security, Circulations of Affect, and the Arab Spring.” Journal of International Relations and Development 21 (2018): 934–58.
  • Suganami, Hidemi. “British Institutionalists, or the English School, 20 Years On.” International Relations 17, no. 3 (2003): 253–72.
  • Tilly, Charles. “Cities, States, and Trust Networks: Chapter 1 of Cities and States in World History.” Theory and Society 39, no. 3–4 (2010): 265–80.
  • Tüzgen, Abdullah Enes. “Normative Consensus and Regional Orders: Saudi Reaction to Systemic Crises in the Middle East.” Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, Newark, 2019.
  • Vlassopoulos, Kostas. “Between East and West: The Greek Poleis as Part of a World-System.” Ancient West and East 6 (2007): 91–111.
  • Wigal, Donald. Historic Maritime Maps Used for Historic Exploration, 1290–1699. New York: Parkstone, 2000.
  • Wolters, Oliver W. History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Ithaca, N.Y: Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University, 1999.
Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 149 - 162, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.747068

Abstract

References

  • Adi, Hakim. Pan-Africanism: A History. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
  • Badescu, Cristina Gabriela. Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: Security and Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2012.
  • Barkey, Karen, and George Gavrilis. “The Ottoman Millet System: Non-Territorial Autonomy and Its Contemporary Legacy.” Ethnopolitics 15, no. 1 (2016): 24–42.
  • Berent, Moshe. A Nation like All Nations: Towards the Establishment of an Israeli Republic. New Rochelle: Israel Academic Press, 2015.
  • Blockmans, Wim. “Inclusiveness and Exclusion: Trust Networks at the Origins of European Cities.” Theory and Society 39, no. 3–4 (2010): 315–26.
  • Brooks, Rosa Ehrenreich. “Failed States, or the State as Failure?” The University of Chicago Law Review 72, no. 4 (2005): 1159–96.
  • Chesterton, G. K. “Matthew Arnold, among Much That Was Arid and Arbitrary...” Illustrated London News, September 18, 1909.
  • Chittolini, Giorgio. “The "Private " the "Public," the State.” The Journal of Modern History 67 (1995): 34–61.
  • Deringil, Selim. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1909. London and NY: I. B. Tauris, 1999.
  • Farah, Tawfic E. Pan-Arabism and Arab Nationalism: The Continuing Debate. Oxon and New York: Routledge, 1987. Fauvelle, François-Xavier. The Golden Rhinoceros: Histories of the African Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.
  • Furbank, Philip N. “Chesterton, the Edwardian.” In G.K. Chesterton: A Centenary Appraisal, edited by John Sullivan. London: HarperCollins, 1974.
  • Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 2015.
  • –––. “Introduction.” (19 November 1909) In A Letter to a Hindu, by Leo Tolstoy. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7176/7176-h/7176-h.htm.
  • Green, Martin B. Gandhi: Voice of a New Age Revolution. Mount Jackson: Axios Press, 2009.
  • Highet, Keith. “Enigma of the Lex Mercatoria.” Tulane Law Review 63 (1988): 613–28.
  • Juenger, Friedrich K. “The Lex Mercatoria and Private International Law.” Louisiana Law Review 60 (1999): 1133–150.
  • Kedourie, Elie. Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
  • Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
  • Kusimba, Chapurukha M. The Rise and Fall of Swahili States. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 1999.
  • Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books, 1999.
  • Landau, Jacob M. Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: C. Hurst &Co., 1995.
  • Lattimore, Owen. “The Outer Mongolian Horizon.” In Studies In Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958, 259–69. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.
  • Mahan, Alfred Thayer. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783. Boston: Little Brown& Co.,1892.
  • Manning, Charles A.W. The Nature of International Society. London: Macmillan, 1975.
  • Marks, Michael P. Metaphors in International Relations Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • Massing, Michael. Fatal Discord: Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind. New York: Harper, 2018.
  • McCrindle, John Watson. The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythraean Sea: Being a Translation of the Periplus Maris ... London: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1879.
  • Menkhaus, Ken. “Traditional Conflict Management in Contemporary Somalia.” In Traditional Cures for Modern Conflicts: African Conflict “medicine", edited by Ira William Zartman, 183–200. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000.
  • Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Sea-Power in Greek Thought.” The Classical Review 58, no. 1 (1944): 1–7.
  • Mubarak, Jamil A. “The ‘Hidden Hand’ behind the Resilience of the Stateless Economy of Somalia.” World Development 25, no. 12 (1997): 2027–041.
  • Nandy, Ashis. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  • Pipes, Daniel. Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Poe, Daryl Zizwe. Kwame Nkrumah’s Contribution to Pan-Africanism: An Afrocentric Analysis. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Ringmar, Erik. “Order in a Borderless World: Nomads Confront Globalization.” In Theorizing Global Order: The International, Culture and Governance, edited by Gunther Hellman. Frankfurt: Campus, 2018.
  • ———. History of International Relations. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2019. Rosberg, Carl Gustav, and Aaron Segal. “An East African Federation.” International Conciliation no. 543 (1963): 5–72.
  • Russell, Gerard. Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East. New York: Basic Books, 2014.
  • Sassen, Saskia. Global Networks, Linked Cities. London: Routledge, 2016.
  • Scott, James C. Against the Grain: Plants, Animals, Microbes, Captives, Barbarians, and a New Story of Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
  • Shumsky, Dmitry. Beyond the Nation-State: The Zionist Political Imagination from Pinsker to Ben-Gurion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018.
  • Solomon, Ty. “Ontological Security, Circulations of Affect, and the Arab Spring.” Journal of International Relations and Development 21 (2018): 934–58.
  • Suganami, Hidemi. “British Institutionalists, or the English School, 20 Years On.” International Relations 17, no. 3 (2003): 253–72.
  • Tilly, Charles. “Cities, States, and Trust Networks: Chapter 1 of Cities and States in World History.” Theory and Society 39, no. 3–4 (2010): 265–80.
  • Tüzgen, Abdullah Enes. “Normative Consensus and Regional Orders: Saudi Reaction to Systemic Crises in the Middle East.” Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, Newark, 2019.
  • Vlassopoulos, Kostas. “Between East and West: The Greek Poleis as Part of a World-System.” Ancient West and East 6 (2007): 91–111.
  • Wigal, Donald. Historic Maritime Maps Used for Historic Exploration, 1290–1699. New York: Parkstone, 2000.
  • Wolters, Oliver W. History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Ithaca, N.Y: Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University, 1999.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erik Ringmar This is me 0000-0002-8110-6514

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Ringmar, Erik. “Alternatives to the State: Or, Why a Non-Western IR Must Be a Revolutionary Science”. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 9, no. 2 (June 2020): 149-62. https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.747068.

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