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The Examination Of Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investments And Carbondioxide Emissions In Turkey With ARDL Approach

Year 2015, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2015, 107 - 112, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.17093/aj.2015.3.2.5000140084

Abstract

Environment is one of the gripping topic with the importance of the protection of it for future generations. In recent years, greenhouse gas emissions are important threat for environment. Within greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions takes big share. On the other hand, in the global World capital movements gain speed and foreign direct investment inflows gradually increase in Turkey. To this respect, we need to think about possible effects of these investments to environmental quality of country.  In this sense, this paper examines the relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and CO2 emissions for Turkey. The study covers 1980-2011 period. The Bounds test developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied to investigate the relationship between series for given period of time. According to bounds test results, there is no cointegration relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and CO2 series for Turkey. In other words, in the long term fdi inflows and CO2 emissions do not move together.

References

  • Acharyya, Joysrı (2009), “FDI, Growth and The Environment: Evidence From Indıa on CO2 Emission During The Last Two Decades”, Journal of Economic Development, Volume 34, Number 1, 43-58.
  • Almfraji, Mohammed Amin, Almsafir, Mahmoud Khalid, Yao, Liu (2014), “Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: The Case of Qatar”, Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1040-1045.
  • Al-mulali, Usama (2012), “Factors Affecting CO2 Emission in the Middle East: A Panel Data Analysis”, Energy, 44, 564-569.
  • Al-mulali, Usama, Sab, Che Normee Binti Che (2012), “The Impact of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission on the Economic and Financial Development in 19 Selected Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 4365-4369.
  • Blanco, Luisa, Gonzalez, Fidel, Ruiz, Isabel (2011), “The Impact of FDI on CO2 Emissions in Latin America”, School of Public Policy Working Papers.
  • Borensztein, E., Gregorio, J. De, Lee, J-W. (1998), “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?”, Journal of International Economics, 45, 115-135.
  • Chandran, V.G.R., Tang, Chor Foon (2013), “The Impacts of Transport Energy Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment and Income on CO2 Emissions in ASEAN-5 Economies”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 445-453.
  • Engle, R.F., Granger, C.W.J. (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica, Vol. 55, No 2, 251-276.
  • Granger, C.W.J., Newbold, P. (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2, 111-120.
  • Gujarati, D.N., (1995), Basic Econometrics, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Güneş, Ahmet M. (2010), “İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’nden Kyoto Protokolü’ne Küresel Isınmaya Karşı Uluslararası Alandaki Hukuki Gelişmeler”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, Sayı 87, 43-89.
  • Halıcıoğlu, Ferda (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37, 1156-1164.
  • Hayrullahoğlu, Betül (2012), “Çevresel Sorunlarla Mücadelede Karbon Vergisi”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt 4, No 2, 1-11.
  • Johansen, S., (1991), “Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Auotoregressive Models”, Econometrica, Vol.59, No 6, 1551-1580.
  • Johansen, S., (1995), “A Statistical Analysis of Cointegration for I(2) Variables”, Econometric Theory, 11, 25-59.
  • Karagöl, E., Erbaykal, E., Ertuğrul, H.M., (2007),”Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Elektrik Tüketimi İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(1), 72-80.
  • Lee, Jung Wan (2013), “The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to Clean Energy Use, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth”, Energy Policy, 55, 483-489.
  • Mahmood, Haider, Chaudhary, A.R. (2012), “FDI, Population Density and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Case Study of Pakistan”, Iranica Journal of Energy&Environment, 3(4), 355-361.
  • Mutlu, Ayşegül (2006), “Küresel Kamusal Mallar Bağlamında Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Çevre Kirlenmesi: Üretim, Finansman ve Yönetim Sorunları”, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı 150, 53-78.
  • Pamuk, M., Bektaş, H., (2014), “Türkiye’de Eğitim Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 2, 77-90.
  • Pao, Hsiao-Tien, Tsai, Chung-Ming (2011), “Multivariate Granger Casuality Between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Evidence From a Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) Countries”, Energy, 36, 685-693.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R.J., (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.
  • Phillips, P.C.B., Quliaris, S. (1990), “Asymptotic Properties of Residual Based Tests for Cointegration”, Econometrica, 58, 165-193.
  • Ren, Shenggang, Yuan, Baolong, Ma, Xie, Chen, Xiaohong (2014), “International Trade, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and Embodied CO2 Emissions: A Case Study of Chinas Industrial Sectors”, China Economic Review, 28,123-134.
  • Sarısoy, Sinan, Yıldız, Fazlı (2013), “Karbondioksit Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Panel Veri Analizi”, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 1-28.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, Hye, Qazi Muhammad Adnan, Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, Leitão, Nuno Carlos (2013), “Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, International Trade and CO2 Emissions in Indonesia”, Renewable and Sustainable Energt Reviews, 25, 109-121.
  • Tintin, Cem (2013), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in the Central and Eastern European Countries: The Importance of Institutions”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46, 287-298.
  • Zeng, Ka (2012), “Do Developing Countries Invets Up? The Environmental Effects of Foreign Direct Investment From Less-Developed Countries”, World Development, 40, 2221- 2233.
  • T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Çevresel Göstergeler 2010, http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/ced/index.php?Sayfa=sayfahtml&Id=1188, Erişim: 16.05.2014.

Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile Karbondioksit Emisyonu Arasındaki ilişkinin ARDL Yaklaşımı ile Araştırılması

Year 2015, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2015, 107 - 112, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.17093/aj.2015.3.2.5000140084

Abstract

Çevre, gelecek nesiller için korunmasının önemli olması bakımından ilgi çekici konulardan biridir. Son yıllarda, sera gazı emisyonları çevre için önemli bir tehdittir. Sera gazı emisyonları içinde de karbondioksit emisyonları büyük pay almaktadır. Diğer taraftan, küresel dünyada sermaye hareketleri hız kazanmaktadır ve Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar giderek artmaktadır. Bu noktada, bu yatırımların ülkenin çevresel kalitesine olası etkileri hakkında düşünmemiz gerekir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma Türkiye için doğrudan yabancı yatırım akımları ile karbondioksit emisyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışma 1980-2011 periyodunu kapsamaktadır. Verilen zaman dilimi için seriler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesinde Pesaran vd (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Sınır testi kullanılmıştır. Sınır testi sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye için doğrudan yabancı yatırım akımları ile CO2 serileri arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi yoktur. Diğer bir deyişle, uzun dönemde fdi akımları ile CO2 emisyonları birlikte hareket etmezler. 

References

  • Acharyya, Joysrı (2009), “FDI, Growth and The Environment: Evidence From Indıa on CO2 Emission During The Last Two Decades”, Journal of Economic Development, Volume 34, Number 1, 43-58.
  • Almfraji, Mohammed Amin, Almsafir, Mahmoud Khalid, Yao, Liu (2014), “Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: The Case of Qatar”, Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1040-1045.
  • Al-mulali, Usama (2012), “Factors Affecting CO2 Emission in the Middle East: A Panel Data Analysis”, Energy, 44, 564-569.
  • Al-mulali, Usama, Sab, Che Normee Binti Che (2012), “The Impact of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission on the Economic and Financial Development in 19 Selected Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 4365-4369.
  • Blanco, Luisa, Gonzalez, Fidel, Ruiz, Isabel (2011), “The Impact of FDI on CO2 Emissions in Latin America”, School of Public Policy Working Papers.
  • Borensztein, E., Gregorio, J. De, Lee, J-W. (1998), “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?”, Journal of International Economics, 45, 115-135.
  • Chandran, V.G.R., Tang, Chor Foon (2013), “The Impacts of Transport Energy Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment and Income on CO2 Emissions in ASEAN-5 Economies”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 445-453.
  • Engle, R.F., Granger, C.W.J. (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica, Vol. 55, No 2, 251-276.
  • Granger, C.W.J., Newbold, P. (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2, 111-120.
  • Gujarati, D.N., (1995), Basic Econometrics, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Güneş, Ahmet M. (2010), “İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’nden Kyoto Protokolü’ne Küresel Isınmaya Karşı Uluslararası Alandaki Hukuki Gelişmeler”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, Sayı 87, 43-89.
  • Halıcıoğlu, Ferda (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37, 1156-1164.
  • Hayrullahoğlu, Betül (2012), “Çevresel Sorunlarla Mücadelede Karbon Vergisi”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt 4, No 2, 1-11.
  • Johansen, S., (1991), “Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Auotoregressive Models”, Econometrica, Vol.59, No 6, 1551-1580.
  • Johansen, S., (1995), “A Statistical Analysis of Cointegration for I(2) Variables”, Econometric Theory, 11, 25-59.
  • Karagöl, E., Erbaykal, E., Ertuğrul, H.M., (2007),”Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Elektrik Tüketimi İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(1), 72-80.
  • Lee, Jung Wan (2013), “The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to Clean Energy Use, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth”, Energy Policy, 55, 483-489.
  • Mahmood, Haider, Chaudhary, A.R. (2012), “FDI, Population Density and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Case Study of Pakistan”, Iranica Journal of Energy&Environment, 3(4), 355-361.
  • Mutlu, Ayşegül (2006), “Küresel Kamusal Mallar Bağlamında Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Çevre Kirlenmesi: Üretim, Finansman ve Yönetim Sorunları”, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı 150, 53-78.
  • Pamuk, M., Bektaş, H., (2014), “Türkiye’de Eğitim Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 2, 77-90.
  • Pao, Hsiao-Tien, Tsai, Chung-Ming (2011), “Multivariate Granger Casuality Between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Evidence From a Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) Countries”, Energy, 36, 685-693.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R.J., (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.
  • Phillips, P.C.B., Quliaris, S. (1990), “Asymptotic Properties of Residual Based Tests for Cointegration”, Econometrica, 58, 165-193.
  • Ren, Shenggang, Yuan, Baolong, Ma, Xie, Chen, Xiaohong (2014), “International Trade, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and Embodied CO2 Emissions: A Case Study of Chinas Industrial Sectors”, China Economic Review, 28,123-134.
  • Sarısoy, Sinan, Yıldız, Fazlı (2013), “Karbondioksit Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Panel Veri Analizi”, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 1-28.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, Hye, Qazi Muhammad Adnan, Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, Leitão, Nuno Carlos (2013), “Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, International Trade and CO2 Emissions in Indonesia”, Renewable and Sustainable Energt Reviews, 25, 109-121.
  • Tintin, Cem (2013), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in the Central and Eastern European Countries: The Importance of Institutions”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46, 287-298.
  • Zeng, Ka (2012), “Do Developing Countries Invets Up? The Environmental Effects of Foreign Direct Investment From Less-Developed Countries”, World Development, 40, 2221- 2233.
  • T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Çevresel Göstergeler 2010, http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/ced/index.php?Sayfa=sayfahtml&Id=1188, Erişim: 16.05.2014.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Vildan Merve Yılmaz

Zeynep Karaca

Muammer Yaylalı This is me

Ebul Muhsin Doğan This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2015
Submission Date September 4, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume 3, Issue 2, 2015

Cite

APA Yılmaz, V. M., Karaca, Z., Yaylalı, M., Doğan, E. M. (2015). The Examination Of Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investments And Carbondioxide Emissions In Turkey With ARDL Approach. Alphanumeric Journal, 3(2), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.17093/aj.2015.3.2.5000140084

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