Liman Sürdürülebilirliği ve Dirençliliğinin SWOT ve PESTEL Analizleri ile Değerlendirilmesi: Haydarpaşa, Berbera ve İskenderiye Limanları Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı coğrafi, ekonomik ve kurumsal bağlamlara sahip Haydarpaşa (Türkiye), Berbera (Somali) ve İskenderiye (Mısır) limanlarının sürdürülebilirlik ve dirençlilik performanslarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Araştırmada nitel yöntem benimsenmiş; akademik literatür, uluslararası kuruluş raporları ve liman otoritelerinin yayımladığı ikincil veriler kullanılmıştır. Limanların iç kapasiteleri ve dış çevresel koşulları, SWOT ve PESTEL analizleri aracılığıyla bütüncül bir çerçevede değerlendirerek uzman görüşleri Etki-Olasılık-Güven (IPC) skorlarıyla sayısallaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, Haydarpaşa Limanı’nın kentsel baskılar ve afet riskleri nedeniyle yapısal kırılganlıklar taşıdığını; Berbera Limanı’nın yüksek büyüme potansiyeline rağmen kurumsal kapasite ve çevresel yönetim açısından gelişime ihtiyaç duyduğunu; İskenderiye Limanı’nın ise yüksek ticaret hacmi ve güçlü kurumsal yapısına karşın iklim değişikliğine bağlı risklere karşı savunmasız olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, limanların sürdürülebilirlik ve dirençlilik stratejilerinin tek tip yaklaşımlar yerine coğrafi ve kurumsal bağlama özgü politikalarla geliştirilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamakta ve liman yönetimine yönelik politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilirlik ve Dirençlilik
• Liman Yönetimi
• Haydarpaşa Limanı
• Berbera Limanı
• İskenderiye Limanı
• SWOT ve PESTEL Analizleri.

Evaluation of Port Sustainability and Resilience through SWOT and PESTEL Analyses: A Comparative Study of the Ports of Haydarpaşa, Berbera, and Alexandria

Abstract

This study comparatively examines the sustainability and resilience performance of the ports of Haydarpaşa (Türkiye), Berbera (Somalia), and Alexandria (Egypt), which operate within distinct geographical, economic, and institutional contexts. A qualitative research methodology is adopted, drawing on academic literature, reports from international organizations, and secondary data published by port authorities. The internal capacities and external environmental conditions of the ports are evaluated within an integrated framework using SWOT and PESTEL analyses, and expert assessments are quantified through Impact-Probability-Confidence (IPC) Scores. The findings indicate that the Port of Haydarpaşa exhibits structural vulnerabilities due to urban pressures and disaster risks; that the Port of Berbera, despite its high growth potential, requires further development in terms of institutional capacity and environmental management; and that the Port of Alexandria, while benefiting from high trade volumes and a strong institutional structure, remains vulnerable to risks associated with climate change. The study emphasizes that port sustainability and resilience strategies should be developed through context-specific policies rather than uniform approaches and offers policy recommendations for port management.

Keywords

• Sustainability & Resilience
• Port Management
• Port of Haydarpaşa
• Port of Berbera
• Port of Alexandria
• SWOT and PESTEL Analyses.

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