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Political Hegemony and Media: A Comparative Analysis of Single-Party Governments in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 17, 15.02.2020

Abstract

This article analyses the conditions under which the political parties who obtain political power as a single government can retain it by ideological and political hegemony instead of coercion. The factors that affect establishment of hegemony are the existing political setting, the balance of power between political actors such as the government, opposition parties, civilian and military bureaucracy, interest groups and the media and the legal framework of media activities. The analysis is based on the comparative study of single-party governments in Turkey, since the country has recently become a focus of political debate regarding the future of democracy. The comparative analysis shows that the favouring conditions arising as a result of these three factors create hegemonic political parties.

References

  • Ahmad, F. (1993) The Making of Modern Turkey, Taylor&Francis, London.
  • Akşin, S. (2007) Yakın Çağ Türkiye Tarihi 1908-1980, Kelebek Matbaacılık, İstanbul.
  • Alemdar, K. & Kaya, R. (1989) Basında Tekelleşmeler, Mozaik Basım, İstanbul.
  • Alemdar, K & Uzun, R. (2013) Herkes İçin Gazetecilik, Tanyeri, Ankara.
  • Altheide, D.L. (1984) ‘Media Hegemony: A Failure of Perspective’, The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol.48, no.2, pp. 476-490.
  • Althusser, L. (1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, Monthly Review Press, New York.
  • Atılgan, G. (2015) Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Türkiye’de Siyasal Hayat, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Barrett, M. (1991) The Politics of Truth: From Marx to Foucault, Stanford University Press, California.
  • Block, E. (2013) ‘A Culturalist Approach to Mediatization of Politics: The Age of Media Hegemony’, Communication Theory, vol.23, pp. 259-278.
  • Buğra, A. & Savaşkan, O. (2015) Türkiye’de Yeni Kapitalizm: Siyaset, Din ve İş Dünyası, İletişim, İstanbul.
  • Cumhuriyet (1983) ‘Letter to the Prime Minister’, 11 May, 1983.
  • Dearing, J.W. & Rogers, E.M. (1996) Agenda-Setting, Sage Publications, London.
  • Eroğul, C. (1990) Demokrat Parti Tarihi ve İdeolojisi, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from Prison Notebooks, Lawrence &Wishart, London.
  • Hale, W. (1993) Turkish Politics and the Military, Rouledge, London.
  • Hale, W. & Özbudun, E. (2009) Islamism, Liberalism and Democracy in Turkey: The Case of the AKP, Routledge, London.
  • Heper, M. (1985) The State Tradition in Turkey, The Eothen Press, Walkington.
  • Hürriyet (1983) ‘Letter to the Prime Minister’, 11 May, 1983.
  • İnan, S. (2008) ‘Demokrat Parti Dönemi, 1950-1960’, Yakın Dönem Türk Politik Tarihi, pp.117-145.
  • Kabacalı, A. (1990) Başlangıçtan Günümüze Türkiye’de Basın Sansürü, Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kahraman, H.B. (2010) Türk Siyasetinin Yapısal Analizi, Agora Kitaplığı, İstanbul.
  • Keyman, F. (2014) İletişim ve Diplomasi, İletişim, Ankara.
  • Koç, Y.T. (2011) 12 Eylül’den 12 Haziran’a Siyasi Partiler, SETA, Ankara.
  • Koçoğlu, Y. (1990) ‘1989 Bilançosu Günlük 16 Gazeteye 394 Dava’, İletişim Araştırma Bülteni, vol. 3, p. 10.
  • Lewis, B. (1961) The Emergence of Modern Turkey, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922) Public Opinion, Mac Millan, New York.
  • McCombs, M. & Shaw, D. (1972) ‘The Agenda Setting Function of Mass Media’, The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 36, no.2, pp. 176-187.
  • Mecham, R.Q. (2004) ‘From the Ashes of Virtue, A Promise of Light: The Transformation of Political Islam in Turkey’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 339-358.
  • Milliyet (1983) ‘Letter to the Prime Minister’, 11 May, 1983.
  • Milliyet (1988) ‘Yalan Haber Yasa Tasarısına Tepki’, 5 January, 1988.
  • Official Gazette (1950) Press Law No. 5680, 15 July, 1950.
  • Official Gazette (1954) Law On Crimes By Means of Press No. 6334, 17 March, 1954.
  • Official Gazette (1960) Law on Investigation Committee No.7468, 27 April, 1960.
  • Official Gazette (2004) Press Law No. 5187, 26 June, 2004
  • Official Gazette (2011) Law on Media Ownership No. 6112
  • Öztin, T. (1954) ‘The Fault of Government’, Hürriyet Daily Newspaper, 2 March 1954.
  • Rado, Ş. (1950)’ New Press Law’, Akşam, 17 July, 1950.
  • Saraçoğlu, C. & Yeşilbağ, M. (2015) Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Türkiye’de Siyasal Hayat, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Sözeri, C. (2015) Türkiye’de Medya-İktidar İlişkileri, İstanbul Enstitüsü Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Şenkal, Y. (2015) Türkiye’nin Seçimleri TV Programme. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeYyZCi88GQ (accessed 1 April 2019).
  • Tanör, B. (2007) Yakınçağ Türkiye Tarihi 1980-2003, Kelebek Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Topuz, H. (2003) II. Mahmut’tan Holdinglere Türk Basın Tarihi, Remzi Kitapevi, İstanbul.
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly Records (1959) ‘Report on the Revenues of Newspapers from Official Advertisements 1951-1958’.
  • Yeni Şafak (2001) ‘İmdat Çankaya’, 15 June, 2001.
  • Zürcher, E.J. (1993) Turkey: A Modern History, I. B. Tauris, London.

Political Hegemony and Media: A Comparative Analysis of Single-Party Governments in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 17, 15.02.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı tek parti iktidarlarının hangi koşullarda medya aracılığı ile siyasal güçlerini siyasal hegemonya aracılığı ile koruduklarını saptamaktır. Bu koşullar; Türkiye’de çok partili yaşama geçildikten sonra serbest seçimlerle iktidara gelen üç siyasal parti olan Demokrat Parti, Anavatan Partisi ve Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin karşılaştırmalı analizi ile saptanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda; mevcut siyasal yapı, siyasal aktörler arasındaki güç dengesi ve medya faaliyetlerinin hukuki çerçevesinin medya üzerinden siyasal hegemonya inşasını şekillendirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Ahmad, F. (1993) The Making of Modern Turkey, Taylor&Francis, London.
  • Akşin, S. (2007) Yakın Çağ Türkiye Tarihi 1908-1980, Kelebek Matbaacılık, İstanbul.
  • Alemdar, K. & Kaya, R. (1989) Basında Tekelleşmeler, Mozaik Basım, İstanbul.
  • Alemdar, K & Uzun, R. (2013) Herkes İçin Gazetecilik, Tanyeri, Ankara.
  • Altheide, D.L. (1984) ‘Media Hegemony: A Failure of Perspective’, The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol.48, no.2, pp. 476-490.
  • Althusser, L. (1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, Monthly Review Press, New York.
  • Atılgan, G. (2015) Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Türkiye’de Siyasal Hayat, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Barrett, M. (1991) The Politics of Truth: From Marx to Foucault, Stanford University Press, California.
  • Block, E. (2013) ‘A Culturalist Approach to Mediatization of Politics: The Age of Media Hegemony’, Communication Theory, vol.23, pp. 259-278.
  • Buğra, A. & Savaşkan, O. (2015) Türkiye’de Yeni Kapitalizm: Siyaset, Din ve İş Dünyası, İletişim, İstanbul.
  • Cumhuriyet (1983) ‘Letter to the Prime Minister’, 11 May, 1983.
  • Dearing, J.W. & Rogers, E.M. (1996) Agenda-Setting, Sage Publications, London.
  • Eroğul, C. (1990) Demokrat Parti Tarihi ve İdeolojisi, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from Prison Notebooks, Lawrence &Wishart, London.
  • Hale, W. (1993) Turkish Politics and the Military, Rouledge, London.
  • Hale, W. & Özbudun, E. (2009) Islamism, Liberalism and Democracy in Turkey: The Case of the AKP, Routledge, London.
  • Heper, M. (1985) The State Tradition in Turkey, The Eothen Press, Walkington.
  • Hürriyet (1983) ‘Letter to the Prime Minister’, 11 May, 1983.
  • İnan, S. (2008) ‘Demokrat Parti Dönemi, 1950-1960’, Yakın Dönem Türk Politik Tarihi, pp.117-145.
  • Kabacalı, A. (1990) Başlangıçtan Günümüze Türkiye’de Basın Sansürü, Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kahraman, H.B. (2010) Türk Siyasetinin Yapısal Analizi, Agora Kitaplığı, İstanbul.
  • Keyman, F. (2014) İletişim ve Diplomasi, İletişim, Ankara.
  • Koç, Y.T. (2011) 12 Eylül’den 12 Haziran’a Siyasi Partiler, SETA, Ankara.
  • Koçoğlu, Y. (1990) ‘1989 Bilançosu Günlük 16 Gazeteye 394 Dava’, İletişim Araştırma Bülteni, vol. 3, p. 10.
  • Lewis, B. (1961) The Emergence of Modern Turkey, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922) Public Opinion, Mac Millan, New York.
  • McCombs, M. & Shaw, D. (1972) ‘The Agenda Setting Function of Mass Media’, The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 36, no.2, pp. 176-187.
  • Mecham, R.Q. (2004) ‘From the Ashes of Virtue, A Promise of Light: The Transformation of Political Islam in Turkey’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 339-358.
  • Milliyet (1983) ‘Letter to the Prime Minister’, 11 May, 1983.
  • Milliyet (1988) ‘Yalan Haber Yasa Tasarısına Tepki’, 5 January, 1988.
  • Official Gazette (1950) Press Law No. 5680, 15 July, 1950.
  • Official Gazette (1954) Law On Crimes By Means of Press No. 6334, 17 March, 1954.
  • Official Gazette (1960) Law on Investigation Committee No.7468, 27 April, 1960.
  • Official Gazette (2004) Press Law No. 5187, 26 June, 2004
  • Official Gazette (2011) Law on Media Ownership No. 6112
  • Öztin, T. (1954) ‘The Fault of Government’, Hürriyet Daily Newspaper, 2 March 1954.
  • Rado, Ş. (1950)’ New Press Law’, Akşam, 17 July, 1950.
  • Saraçoğlu, C. & Yeşilbağ, M. (2015) Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Türkiye’de Siyasal Hayat, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Sözeri, C. (2015) Türkiye’de Medya-İktidar İlişkileri, İstanbul Enstitüsü Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Şenkal, Y. (2015) Türkiye’nin Seçimleri TV Programme. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeYyZCi88GQ (accessed 1 April 2019).
  • Tanör, B. (2007) Yakınçağ Türkiye Tarihi 1980-2003, Kelebek Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Topuz, H. (2003) II. Mahmut’tan Holdinglere Türk Basın Tarihi, Remzi Kitapevi, İstanbul.
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly Records (1959) ‘Report on the Revenues of Newspapers from Official Advertisements 1951-1958’.
  • Yeni Şafak (2001) ‘İmdat Çankaya’, 15 June, 2001.
  • Zürcher, E.J. (1993) Turkey: A Modern History, I. B. Tauris, London.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşe Aslıhan Çelenk 0000-0002-9538-3109

Halil Emre Deniş 0000-0002-9830-5624

Publication Date February 15, 2020
Submission Date December 18, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çelenk, A. A., & Deniş, H. E. (2020). Political Hegemony and Media: A Comparative Analysis of Single-Party Governments in Turkey. Analytical Politics, 1(1), 1-17.