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Does Flattened IVC on CT Can Show Hypovolemia in Trauma Patients?

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 30.03.2020

Abstract

Aim
In this study, we investigated the relationship between IVC flattening detected in the CT and vital signs, blood transfusion requirement and patient outcome in patients with blunt torso trauma.


Material and Methods
Patients older than 18 years of age who presented to the emergency department (ED) with blunt torso trauma and underwent abdominal CT were included in this retrospective study. IVC diameter was measured above and below the level of the renal veins. The CT images were evaluated by three emergency medicine attending physicians. An anteroposterior diameter less than half of the transverse diameter was defined as IVC flattening.


Results
Seventy-four patients were enrolled in the study. Because of motion artifacts and inability to distinguish the IVC from the surrounding tissues, IVC measurements could not be carried out properly in 3 patients. One patient lacked both upper and lower IVC measurement results and 2 patients lacked upper IVC measurement results. Of the 71 patients in whom the measurements were made above the level of the renal veins, 21 had IVC flattening. There was a statistically significant difference between patients with flattened and non-flattened IVC by means of initial hemoglobin values (p = 0.044) and applied blood transfusions (p = 0.027). Of the 73 patients in whom the measurements were made below the level of the renal veins, 16 had IVC flattening. There was a significant difference between patients with flattened and non-flattened IVC by means of initial hemoglobin values (p = 0.042). There was no significant difference between the suprarenal and infrarenal measurement groups with respect to intensive care hospitalization and mortality rates.


Conclusion
In patients with blunt torso trauma, the measurement of the IVC above the renal veins may predict the severity of hypovolemia and the amount of blood transfusion required. While the CT images are examined, the examination of the inferior vena cava may give information on the volume status of the trauma patients.

References

  • 1. Demetriades D, Murray J, Brown C et al. High-level falls: Type and severity of injuries and survival outcome according to age. J Trauma.2005 Feb;58(2):342-5.
  • 2. Milia DJ, Dua A, Paul JS et al. Clinical utility of flat inferior vena cava by axial tomography in severely injured elderly patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Dec;75(6):1002-5.
  • 3. Simonson JS, Schiller NB. Sonospirometry: a new method for noninvasive estimation of mean right atrial pressure based on two-dimensional echographic measurements of the inferior vena cava during measured inspiration. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Mar;11(3):557-64.
  • 4. Ferrada P, Anand RJ, Whelan J et al. Qualitative assessment of the inferior vena cava: useful tool for the evaluation of fluid status in critically ill patients. Am Surg. 2012 Apr;78(4):468-70.
  • 5. Li Y, Zhang LY, Wang Y et al. The flatness index of inferior vena cava is useful in predicting hypovolemic shock in severe multiple-injury patients. 2013 Dec;45(6):872-8
  • 6. Miraflor E, Yeung L, Strumwasser A et al. Correlation between IVC dimensions and volume status on CT scan. J Surg Res. 2011 Oct;170(2):291-6
  • 7. Matsumoto S, Sekine K, Yamazaki Met al. Predictive value of a flat inferior vena cava on initial computed tomography for hemodynamic deterioration in patients with blunt torso trauma. J Trauma. 2010;69(6):1398-402
  • 8. Liao YY, Lin HJ, Lu YH et al. Does CT evidence of a flat inferior vena cava indicate hypovolemia in blunt trauma patients with solid organ injuries? J Trauma. 2011;70(6):1358-61
  • 9. Nguyen A, Plurad DS, Bricker S et al. Flat or fat? Inferior vena cava ratio is a marker for occult shock in trauma patients. J Surg Res. 2014 Dec;192(2):263-7
  • 10. Johnson JJ, Garwe T, Albrecht RM et al. Initial inferior vena cava diameter on computed tomographic scan independently predicts mortality in severely injured trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg.2013 Mar;74(3):741-5.

Travma Hastalarında BT'de İVK'nın Yassılaşmış Olarak Görülmesi Hipovolemiyi Gösterebilir mi?

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 30.03.2020

Abstract

Amaç
Bu çalışmada, künt gövde travmalı (KGT) hastalarda bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ile saptanan abdominal inferior vena kava (IVK) çapındaki düzleşmenin; yaşamsal bulgular, kan transfüzyon gereksinimi ve mortalite arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırdık.


Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu retrospektif çalışmaya KGT ile acil servise (AS) başvuran ve abdominal BT çekilen 18 yaşından büyük hastalar dahil edildi. IVK çapı, renal venler seviyesinin üstünden ve altından ölçüldü. BT görüntüleri üç acil tıp uzmanı tarafından değerlendirildi. IVK anterior çapı transvers çapının yarısından daha az olanlar düz IVK olarak tanımlandı.


Bulgular
Çalışmaya 74 hasta dahil edildi. Hareket artefaktları ve İVK'nın çevre dokulardan ayırt edilememesi nedeniyle 3 hastada İVK ölçümü yapılamadı. Bir hastada hem üst hem de alt İVK ölçümleri, 2 hastada ise üst İVK ölçümleri yapılamadı. Ölçümleri renal ven seviyesinin üzerinde yapılan 71 hastanın 21'inde IVK düzleşmesi vardı. Düzleşmiş ve düzleşmemiş IVK'lı hastalar arasında başlangıç hemoglobin değerleri (p = 0.044) ve uygulanan kan transfüzyonları (p = 0.027) açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı. Ölçümlerin renal ven seviyesinin altında yapıldığı 73 hastanın 16'sında IVK düzleşmesi vardı. Başlangıç hemoglobin değerleri açısından düzleşmiş ve düzleşmemiş IVK'lı hastalar arasında anlamlı bir fark vardı (p = 0.042). Yoğun bakımda yatış ve mortalite oranları açısından suprarenal ve infrarenal ölçüm grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu.


Sonuç
BT'de IVK'nın böbrek venleri seviyesinin üstünde belirlenen çapı, KGT'li hastalarda hipovoleminin ciddiyetini ve gerekli olan kan transfüzyonu miktarını öngörebilir. BT görüntüleri incelenirken, İVK çapının da incelenmesi travma hastalarının rolüm durumu hakkında bilgi verebilir.

References

  • 1. Demetriades D, Murray J, Brown C et al. High-level falls: Type and severity of injuries and survival outcome according to age. J Trauma.2005 Feb;58(2):342-5.
  • 2. Milia DJ, Dua A, Paul JS et al. Clinical utility of flat inferior vena cava by axial tomography in severely injured elderly patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Dec;75(6):1002-5.
  • 3. Simonson JS, Schiller NB. Sonospirometry: a new method for noninvasive estimation of mean right atrial pressure based on two-dimensional echographic measurements of the inferior vena cava during measured inspiration. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Mar;11(3):557-64.
  • 4. Ferrada P, Anand RJ, Whelan J et al. Qualitative assessment of the inferior vena cava: useful tool for the evaluation of fluid status in critically ill patients. Am Surg. 2012 Apr;78(4):468-70.
  • 5. Li Y, Zhang LY, Wang Y et al. The flatness index of inferior vena cava is useful in predicting hypovolemic shock in severe multiple-injury patients. 2013 Dec;45(6):872-8
  • 6. Miraflor E, Yeung L, Strumwasser A et al. Correlation between IVC dimensions and volume status on CT scan. J Surg Res. 2011 Oct;170(2):291-6
  • 7. Matsumoto S, Sekine K, Yamazaki Met al. Predictive value of a flat inferior vena cava on initial computed tomography for hemodynamic deterioration in patients with blunt torso trauma. J Trauma. 2010;69(6):1398-402
  • 8. Liao YY, Lin HJ, Lu YH et al. Does CT evidence of a flat inferior vena cava indicate hypovolemia in blunt trauma patients with solid organ injuries? J Trauma. 2011;70(6):1358-61
  • 9. Nguyen A, Plurad DS, Bricker S et al. Flat or fat? Inferior vena cava ratio is a marker for occult shock in trauma patients. J Surg Res. 2014 Dec;192(2):263-7
  • 10. Johnson JJ, Garwe T, Albrecht RM et al. Initial inferior vena cava diameter on computed tomographic scan independently predicts mortality in severely injured trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg.2013 Mar;74(3):741-5.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Can Erkan Arslan 0000-0001-7475-8218

Murat Yesilaras This is me 0000-0002-2357-1274

Ozge Duman This is me 0000-0002-7363-7868

Publication Date March 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Arslan CE, Yesilaras M, Duman O. Does Flattened IVC on CT Can Show Hypovolemia in Trauma Patients?. Anatolian J Emerg Med. March 2020;3(1):1-5.