Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Pine Processionary Caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) Envenomations and Global Climate Change: A Retrospective Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 112 - 117, 28.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1539165

Abstract

Aim: Pine Processionary Caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) envenomations have become increasingly relevant due to the species' expanding habitat, influenced by global climate change. These envenomations present unique challenges, particularly in regions previously unexposed to this species. This study aims to retrospectively analyze envenomations caused by the Pine Processionary Caterpillar over a ten-year period, evaluating the frequency, clinical manifestations, and the impact of climate change on these cases.

Material and Methods: We reviewed patient records from four different hospitals between January 2014 and May 2024, focusing on cases with confirmed contact or exposure to the caterpillar. Data on demographics, clinical findings, treatment approaches, and seasonal trends were collected and analyzed.

Results: A total of 53 patients were included, with a nearly equal distribution between male and female patients. The most affected areas were the neck and face, primarily due to outdoor activities in pine forests. The peak incidence of envenomations was observed in May and June. Antihistamines, particularly intramuscular administration, were the most common treatment, with racemic epinephrine used in cases of severe reactions. Notably, the northward expansion of the caterpillar's habitat has been linked to increasing cases of envenomation.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for heightened awareness and preventive measures, especially during the caterpillar's peak activity season. As climate change continues to alter the distribution of Thaumetopoea pityocampa, regions unaccustomed to such exposures must prepare for the associated health risks.

Thanks

We thank all the study participants and our colleagues.

References

  • Vega J, Vega JM, Moneo I. Skin reactions on exposure to the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):658-667.
  • Hódar JA, Castro J, Zamora R. Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming. Biol Conserv. 2003;110(1):123-129.
  • Kriticos DJ, Leriche A, Palmer DJ, Cook DC, Brockerhoff EG, Stephens AEA, et al. Linking climate suitability, spread rates and host-impact when estimating the potential costs of invasive pests. PLoS One. 2013;8(2).
  • Ricciardi L, Giorgianni C, Briguglio G, Gangemi S, Spatari G. Processionary caterpillar reactions in Southern Italy forestry workers: description of three cases. Clin Mol Allergy. 2021;19(1).
  • Vega J, Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, Caballero ML, Miranda A. Occupational immunologic contact urticaria from pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa): experience in 30 cases. Contact Dermatitis. 2004;50(2):60-64.
  • Portero A, Carreño E, Galarreta D, Herreras JM. Corneal inflammation from pine processionary caterpillar hairs. Cornea. 2013;32(2):161-164.
  • Fuentes Aparicio V, de Barrio Fernández M, Rubio Sotés M, Rodríguez Paredes A, Martínez Molero MI, Zapatero Remón L, et al. Non-occupational allergy caused by the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Allergol Immunopathol. 2004;32(2):69-75.
  • Ducombs G, Lamy M, Mollard S, Guillard JM, Maleville J. Contact dermatitis from processional pine caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff Lepidoptera). Contact Dermatitis. 1981;7(5):287-288.
  • Werno J, Lamy M, Vincendeau P. Caterpillar hairs as allergens. Lancet. 1993;342(8876):936-937.
  • Lamy M, Pastureaud MH, Novak F, Ducombs G, Vincendeau P, Maleville J, et al. Thaumetopoein: an urticating protein from the hairs and integument of the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff., Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae). Toxicon. 1986;24(4):347-356.
  • Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, Vega J, De La Fuente R, Fernández A. Pine processionary caterpillar as a new cause of immunologic contact urticaria. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43(3):129-132.
  • Cuevas P, Angulo J, Giménez-Gallego G. Topical treatment of contact dermatitis by pine processionary caterpillar. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011.
  • Netherer S, Schopf A. Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests—general aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example. For Ecol Manage. 2010;259(4):831-838.
  • Bonamonte D, Foti C, Vestita M, Angelini G. Skin reactions to pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013.
  • Galip N, Şanlıdağ B, Babayiğit A, Bahçeciler NN. Cutaneous allergic reactions to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa): a complicated cutaneous reaction in an infant and review of the literature. Turk J Pediatr. 2022;64(2):389-393.
  • Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, Lopez-Rico R, Curiel G, Bartolome B, et al. Anaphylaxis to a pine caterpillar. Allergy. 1997;52(12):1244-1245.

Çam Kese Tırtılı (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) Envenomasyonları ve Küresel İklim Değişikliği: Retrospektif Analiz

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 112 - 117, 28.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1539165

Abstract

Amaç: Küresel iklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle yaşam alanı genişleyen Çam Kese Tırtılı (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) zehirlenmeleri, giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu zehirlenmeler, özellikle bu tür ile karşılaşmamış bölgelerde benzersiz zorluklar oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Çam Kese Tırtılı ile temas sonrası oluşan zehirlenmeleri on yıllık bir dönem boyunca retrospektif olarak analiz ederek, vakaların sıklığını, klinik belirtilerini ve iklim değişikliğinin bu vakalar üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2014 ile Mayıs 2024 arasında dört farklı hastaneden alınan hasta kayıtları incelendi ve tırtıl ile temas veya maruziyetin doğrulandığı vakalar tespit edildi. Demografik veriler, klinik bulgular, tedavi yaklaşımları ve mevsimsel değişimler tespit edildi ve analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Toplamda 53 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi ve cinsiyet dağılımı neredeyse eşit bulundu. En çok etkilenen vücut bölgeleri boyun ve yüz olup, bu durum çoğunlukla çam ormanlarında yapılan açık hava aktivitelerine bağlandı. Zehirlenmelerin en yoğun olduğu dönem Mayıs ve Haziran aylarıydı. Tedavide en sık kullanılan ilaç antihistaminikler olup, özellikle kas içi uygulama tercih edildi; ciddi reaksiyonlar için ise rasemik epinefrin kullanıldı. Tırtılın yaşam alanının kuzeye doğru genişlemesi, artan zehirlenme vakalarıyla ilişkilendirildi.

Sonuç: Bulgular, özellikle böceğin en aktif olduğu mevsimde farkındalık ve önleyici tedbirlerin artırılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. İklim değişikliği Thaumetopoea pityocampa'nın dağılımını değiştirmeye devam ettikçe, bu tür maruziyetlere alışık olmayan bölgeler ilgili sağlık risklerine hazırlıklı olmalıdır.

References

  • Vega J, Vega JM, Moneo I. Skin reactions on exposure to the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):658-667.
  • Hódar JA, Castro J, Zamora R. Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming. Biol Conserv. 2003;110(1):123-129.
  • Kriticos DJ, Leriche A, Palmer DJ, Cook DC, Brockerhoff EG, Stephens AEA, et al. Linking climate suitability, spread rates and host-impact when estimating the potential costs of invasive pests. PLoS One. 2013;8(2).
  • Ricciardi L, Giorgianni C, Briguglio G, Gangemi S, Spatari G. Processionary caterpillar reactions in Southern Italy forestry workers: description of three cases. Clin Mol Allergy. 2021;19(1).
  • Vega J, Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, Caballero ML, Miranda A. Occupational immunologic contact urticaria from pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa): experience in 30 cases. Contact Dermatitis. 2004;50(2):60-64.
  • Portero A, Carreño E, Galarreta D, Herreras JM. Corneal inflammation from pine processionary caterpillar hairs. Cornea. 2013;32(2):161-164.
  • Fuentes Aparicio V, de Barrio Fernández M, Rubio Sotés M, Rodríguez Paredes A, Martínez Molero MI, Zapatero Remón L, et al. Non-occupational allergy caused by the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Allergol Immunopathol. 2004;32(2):69-75.
  • Ducombs G, Lamy M, Mollard S, Guillard JM, Maleville J. Contact dermatitis from processional pine caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff Lepidoptera). Contact Dermatitis. 1981;7(5):287-288.
  • Werno J, Lamy M, Vincendeau P. Caterpillar hairs as allergens. Lancet. 1993;342(8876):936-937.
  • Lamy M, Pastureaud MH, Novak F, Ducombs G, Vincendeau P, Maleville J, et al. Thaumetopoein: an urticating protein from the hairs and integument of the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff., Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae). Toxicon. 1986;24(4):347-356.
  • Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, Vega J, De La Fuente R, Fernández A. Pine processionary caterpillar as a new cause of immunologic contact urticaria. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43(3):129-132.
  • Cuevas P, Angulo J, Giménez-Gallego G. Topical treatment of contact dermatitis by pine processionary caterpillar. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011.
  • Netherer S, Schopf A. Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests—general aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example. For Ecol Manage. 2010;259(4):831-838.
  • Bonamonte D, Foti C, Vestita M, Angelini G. Skin reactions to pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013.
  • Galip N, Şanlıdağ B, Babayiğit A, Bahçeciler NN. Cutaneous allergic reactions to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa): a complicated cutaneous reaction in an infant and review of the literature. Turk J Pediatr. 2022;64(2):389-393.
  • Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, Lopez-Rico R, Curiel G, Bartolome B, et al. Anaphylaxis to a pine caterpillar. Allergy. 1997;52(12):1244-1245.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

M.ferudun Çelikmen 0000-0002-7659-1906

Mustafa Cicek 0000-0003-4307-3261

Melih İmamoğlu 0000-0003-4197-8999

Özgen Gönenç Çekiç 0000-0002-0011-7044

Early Pub Date September 27, 2024
Publication Date September 28, 2024
Submission Date August 27, 2024
Acceptance Date September 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Çelikmen M, Cicek M, İmamoğlu M, Gönenç Çekiç Ö. Pine Processionary Caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) Envenomations and Global Climate Change: A Retrospective Analysis. Anatolian J Emerg Med. September 2024;7(3):112-117. doi:10.54996/anatolianjem.1539165