The Impact of Lactate Clearance, Bilirubin, and Albumin on Mortality in Elderly COPD Patients: Insights from Emergency Department Data
Year 2024,
Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 153 - 158, 30.12.2024
Mahmut Yaman
,
Abdullah Şen
,
Hasan Mansur Durgun
,
Sema Belek
,
Murat Orak
,
Veysi Tekin
,
Ercan Gündüz
,
Cahfer Güloğlu
Abstract
Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition characterized by symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and airflow limitation. The prevalence and health risks of COPD increase with age, making emergency interventions crucial for elderly patients. This study investigated the influence of bilirubin, lactate clearance, and albumin levels on mortality rates among elderly COPD patients in emergency settings to inform treatment strategies and improve clinical outcomes.
Material and Methods: Elderly patients diagnosed with COPD were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory results, comorbidities, and outcomes were collected. Biochemical measurements were performed via biochemical analyses and arterial blood gas analyses.
Results: Among the 139 patients studied, 89 (64%) were male with a mean age of 75 years. The mortality rate was 7.92%. No significant differences were observed in age, sex distribution, or comorbidities between deceased and surviving patients. Lactate clearance and bilirubin levels did not significantly affect mortality. However, albumin levels were notably lower in deceased patients (p<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed significant effects of PO₂, neutrophil, and albumin levels on mortality, whereas the multivariate model confirmed that PO₂ and albumin levels were significant predictors.
Conclusion: This study highlights the prognostic value of biochemical markers in predicting mortality among elderly COPD patients in emergency settings. While lactate clearance and bilirubin levels are not reliable predictors of mortality, lower albumin levels are strongly associated with increased mortality risk. These findings underscore the importance of the serum albumin concentration as a critical biomarker in the clinical assessment of elderly COPD patients.
Ethical Statement
This study was approved by Dicle University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee for Noninterventional Studies (Date: June 9, 2022; Number: 189). This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
References
- Agusti A, Vogelmeier CF. GOLD 2024: a brief overview of key changes. J Bras Pneumol. 2023;49(6):e20230369. doi:10.36416/18063756/e20230369.
- Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet 2007;370(9589):765-773. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61380-4.
- López-Campos JL, Tan W, Soriano JB. Global burden of COPD. Respirology. 2016;21(1):14-23. doi:10.1111/resp.12660.
- QuickStats: Percentage of adults aged ≥18 years with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by urbanization level and age group—National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(26):959. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7026a3.
- Schrijver J, Lenferink A, Brusse-Keizer M, et al. Self-management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;1(1):CD002990. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002990.pub4.
- Cross AJ, Thomas D, Liang J, et al. Educational interventions for health professionals managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;5(5):CD012652.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012652.pub2.
- Sullivan J, Pravosud V, Mannino DM, et al. National and state estimates of COPD morbidity and mortality—United States, 2014-2015. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2018;5(4):324-333. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.5.4.2018.0157.
- Liu Y, Carlson SA, Watson KB, et al. Trends in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged ≥18 years—United States, 2011-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(46):1250
1256. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7246a1.
- Tian HH, Han SS, Lv CJ, et al. The effect of early goal lactate clearance rate on the outcome of septic shock patients with severe pneumonia. Chin J Crit Care Med. 2012;24:42-45.
- Sullivan JI, Rockey DC. Diagnosis and evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2017;33(3):164-170. doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000354.
- Li X, Qin S, Sun X, et al. Prognostic significance of albumin-globulin score in patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018;25(12):3647-3659. doi:10.1245/s10434-018-6715-z.
- Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martínez FJ, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report: GOLD executive summary. Arch Bronconeumol.
2017;53(3):128-149. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2017.02.001.
- Durmuş U, Doğan NÖ, Pekdemir M, et al. The value of lactate clearance in admission decisions of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(6):972-976. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.11.002.
- Vincent JL, Quintairos E Silva A, Couto L Jr, et al. The value of blood lactate kinetics in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):257. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1403-5.
- Ramirez-Ramos CF, Saldarriaga-Giraldo CI, Yepes-Calderón M, et al. Arterial lactate levels and their prognostic value in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Arch Peru Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc. 2021;2(2):96-102. doi:10.47487/apcyccv.v2i2.131.
- MacDonald DM, Kunisaki KM, Wilt TJ, et al. Serum bilirubin and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):33. doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01395-9.
- Chen CW, Chen YY, Lu CL, et al. Severe hypoalbuminemia is a strong independent risk factor for acute respiratory failure in COPD: a nationwide cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:1147-1154. doi:10.2147/COPD.S85831.
- Nowak M, Brożek GM, Zejda JE, et al. Impact of changing GOLD guidelines (2007-2011-2017) on assignment of a COPD patient to disease severity category. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020;37(2):221
228. doi:10.5114/ada.2018.79143.
Yaşlı KOAH Hastalarında Laktat Klirensi, Bilirubin ve Albüminin Mortalite Üzerindeki Etkisi: Acil Servis Verilerinden Elde Edilen Bulgular
Year 2024,
Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 153 - 158, 30.12.2024
Mahmut Yaman
,
Abdullah Şen
,
Hasan Mansur Durgun
,
Sema Belek
,
Murat Orak
,
Veysi Tekin
,
Ercan Gündüz
,
Cahfer Güloğlu
Abstract
Amaç: Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), öksürük, nefes darlığı ve hava yolu tıkanıklığı gibi semptomlarla karakterize edilen yaygın bir solunum rahatsızlığıdır. KOAH'ın prevalansı ve sağlık riskleri yaşla birlikte artmakta olup, yaşlı hastalar için acil müdahaleler hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, acil durumlarda yaşlı KOAH hastaları arasında bilirubin, laktat klirensi ve albümin seviyelerinin mortalite oranları üzerindeki etkisini araştırarak tedavi stratejilerini bilgilendirmeyi ve klinik sonuçları iyileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: KOAH tanısı konan yaşlı hastalar bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasına dahil edilmiştir. Demografik veriler, klinik bulgular, laboratuvar sonuçları, komorbiditeler ve sonuçlar gibi veriler toplanmıştır. Biyokimyasal ölçümler, biyokimyasal analizler ve arteriyel kan gazı analizleri yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: İncelenen 139 hasta arasında 89'u (%64) erkek olup, ortalama yaş 75 idi. Mortalite oranı %7,92 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölen ve yaşayan hastalar arasında yaş, cinsiyet dağılımı veya komorbiditelerde anlamlı farklar gözlenmemiştir. Laktat klirensi ve bilirubin seviyeleri mortaliteyi anlamlı şekilde etkilememiştir. Ancak, ölen hastalarda albümin seviyeleri belirgin şekilde daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Tek değişkenli analizde PO₂, nötrofil ve albümin seviyelerinin mortalite üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğu belirlenmiş, çok değişkenli modelde ise PO₂ ve albümin seviyelerinin anlamlı prediktörler olduğu doğrulanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, acil durumlarda yaşlı KOAH hastalarında mortaliteyi öngörmede biyokimyasal belirteçlerin prognostik değerini vurgulamaktadır. Laktat klirensi ve bilirubin seviyeleri güvenilir prediktörler olmamakla birlikte, düşük albümin seviyeleri artmış mortalite riski ile güçlü bir şekilde ilişkilidir. Bu bulgular, yaşlı KOAH hastalarının klinik değerlendirilmesinde serum albümin konsantrasyonunun kritik bir biyomarker olarak önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
References
- Agusti A, Vogelmeier CF. GOLD 2024: a brief overview of key changes. J Bras Pneumol. 2023;49(6):e20230369. doi:10.36416/18063756/e20230369.
- Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet 2007;370(9589):765-773. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61380-4.
- López-Campos JL, Tan W, Soriano JB. Global burden of COPD. Respirology. 2016;21(1):14-23. doi:10.1111/resp.12660.
- QuickStats: Percentage of adults aged ≥18 years with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by urbanization level and age group—National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(26):959. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7026a3.
- Schrijver J, Lenferink A, Brusse-Keizer M, et al. Self-management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;1(1):CD002990. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002990.pub4.
- Cross AJ, Thomas D, Liang J, et al. Educational interventions for health professionals managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;5(5):CD012652.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012652.pub2.
- Sullivan J, Pravosud V, Mannino DM, et al. National and state estimates of COPD morbidity and mortality—United States, 2014-2015. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2018;5(4):324-333. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.5.4.2018.0157.
- Liu Y, Carlson SA, Watson KB, et al. Trends in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged ≥18 years—United States, 2011-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(46):1250
1256. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7246a1.
- Tian HH, Han SS, Lv CJ, et al. The effect of early goal lactate clearance rate on the outcome of septic shock patients with severe pneumonia. Chin J Crit Care Med. 2012;24:42-45.
- Sullivan JI, Rockey DC. Diagnosis and evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2017;33(3):164-170. doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000354.
- Li X, Qin S, Sun X, et al. Prognostic significance of albumin-globulin score in patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018;25(12):3647-3659. doi:10.1245/s10434-018-6715-z.
- Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martínez FJ, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report: GOLD executive summary. Arch Bronconeumol.
2017;53(3):128-149. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2017.02.001.
- Durmuş U, Doğan NÖ, Pekdemir M, et al. The value of lactate clearance in admission decisions of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(6):972-976. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.11.002.
- Vincent JL, Quintairos E Silva A, Couto L Jr, et al. The value of blood lactate kinetics in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):257. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1403-5.
- Ramirez-Ramos CF, Saldarriaga-Giraldo CI, Yepes-Calderón M, et al. Arterial lactate levels and their prognostic value in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Arch Peru Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc. 2021;2(2):96-102. doi:10.47487/apcyccv.v2i2.131.
- MacDonald DM, Kunisaki KM, Wilt TJ, et al. Serum bilirubin and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):33. doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01395-9.
- Chen CW, Chen YY, Lu CL, et al. Severe hypoalbuminemia is a strong independent risk factor for acute respiratory failure in COPD: a nationwide cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:1147-1154. doi:10.2147/COPD.S85831.
- Nowak M, Brożek GM, Zejda JE, et al. Impact of changing GOLD guidelines (2007-2011-2017) on assignment of a COPD patient to disease severity category. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020;37(2):221
228. doi:10.5114/ada.2018.79143.