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Factors Associated with Thirty-Day Emergency Department Revisits for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Insights from a Five-Year Retrospective Study

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 29.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1603516

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to identify key factors associated with 30-day emergency department (ED) revisits among patients discharged after upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), providing insights to optimize patient management and improve outcomes.

Material and Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with UGIB were included, while those with incomplete data or transferred to other facilities were excluded. Data on demographics, clinical features, laboratory parameters, endoscopic findings, and revisits were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of UGIB-related ED revisits.

Results: Among 862 patients, the 30-day revisit rate was 19.9%, with 84 revisits related to UGIB. Female gender, malignancy, anticoagulant use, prior UGIB history, and lower discharge hemoglobin levels were identified as significant predictors of UGIB-related revisits. Patients with Forrest IA ulcers had a 42.9% revisit rate, while those with Forrest III ulcers showed a significantly lower rate of 5.5%. Erythrocyte suspension was used more frequently in the revisit group (83.3% vs. 61.2%, p<0.001), reflecting the severity of these cases.

Conclusion: UGIB-related revisits are influenced by several factors, including anticoagulant use, malignancy, prior UGIB history, and endoscopic findings. Tailored discharge planning, patient education, and risk stratification are critical to reducing revisits. Future studies should focus on prospective validation and the development of predictive models for targeted interventions.

Ethical Statement

Marmara University Clinical Research Ethics Committee Clinical Research Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (protocol number: 09.2023.1426; November 11, 2023),

Supporting Institution

There is no supporting institution.

Thanks

None

References

  • DiGregorio AM, Alvey H. Gastrointestinal Bleeding. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2024,StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2024.
  • Kudu E, Danış F. The Evolution of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs with Bibliometric Analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol. Dec 2022;33(12):1012-1024. doi:10.5152/tjg.2022.22007
  • Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, et al. Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2018. Gastroenterology. Jan 2019;156(1):254-272.e11. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.063
  • Kudu E, Danış F. Recognizing and addressing the challenges of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. World J Clin Cases. Jul 6 2024;12(19):3648-3653. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i19.3648
  • Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, Martel M, Leontiadis GI. ACG ClinicalGuideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. May 1 2021;116(5):899-917. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001245
  • Alali AA, Barkun AN. An update on the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2023;11:goad011. doi:10.1093/gastro/goad011
  • Kim WS, Kim SH, Joo MK, Park JJ, Lee BJ, Chun HJ. Re-bleeding and allcause mortality risk in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: focusing on patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2253822. doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2253822
  • CMS. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Last updated: March 2017. Available at: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service payment/PhysicianFeedbackProgram/Downloads/2015-ACRMIF.pdf Accessed 25 November 2024
  • Tatlıparmak AC, Dikme Ö, Dikme Ö, Topaçoğlu H. Cancer, platelet distribution width, and total protein levels as predictors of rebleeding in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PeerJ. 2022;10:e14061. doi:10.7717/peerj.14061
  • Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453-1457. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X
  • Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet. Aug 17 1974;2(7877):394-7. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91770-x
  • Yen HH, Wu PY, Wu TL, et al. Forrest Classification for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer: A New Look at the Old Endoscopic Classification. Diagnostics (Basel). Apr 24 2022;12(5)doi:10.3390/diagnostics12051066
  • Wadhera RK, Joynt Maddox KE, Kazi DS, Shen C, Yeh RW. Hospital revisits within 30 days after discharge for medical conditions targeted by the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program in the United States: national retrospective analysis. BMJ. Aug 12 2019;366:l4563. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4563
  • Tai FWD, McAlindon ME. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Med (Lond). Mar 2021;21(2):131-134. doi:10.7861/clinmed.2021-0039
  • UyaroĞlu OA, BaŞaran N, ÖziŞik L, et al. Thirty-day readmission rate of COVID-19 patients discharged from a tertiary care university hospital in Turkey: an observational, single-center study. Int J Qual Health Care. Feb 20 2021;33(1)doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzaa144
  • Kerbage A, Nammour T, Tamim H, et al. Impact of blood transfusion on mortality and rebleeding in gastrointestinal bleeding: an 8-year cohort from a tertiary care center. Ann Gastroenterol. May-Jun 2024;37(3):303-312. doi:10.20524/aog.2024.0877
  • Cremers I, Ribeiro S. Management of variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. Sep 2014;7(5):206-16. doi:10.1177/1756283x14538688
  • Leppin AL, Gionfriddo MR, Kessler M, et al. Preventing 30-day hospital readmissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA Intern Med. Jul 2014;174(7):1095-107. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1608
  • Kudu E, Akdag G, Yildirim ME. Evaluation of emergency department visits and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) in patients treated with nivolumab. Support Care Cancer. Sep 9 2024;32(10):646. doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08856-x

Üst Gastrointestinal Kanama Nedeniyle 30 Gün İçerisindeki Acil Servis Tekrar Başvurularıyla İlişkili Faktörler: Beş Yıllık Retrospektif Bir Çalışmadan Bulgular

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 29.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1603516

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üst gastrointestinal kanama (ÜGİK) sonrası taburcu edilen hastalarda 30 günlük acil servis (AS) başvurularıyla ilişkili anahtar faktörleri belirleyerek hasta yönetimini optimize etmek ve sonuçları iyileştirmek için içgörüler sağlamaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tek merkezli retrospektif kohort çalışması, 1 Ocak 2018 ile 31 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya, ÜGİK tanısı almış 18 yaş üstü erişkin hastalar dahil edilmiş, eksik verileri olan veya başka bir merkeze sevk edilen hastalar çalışmadan çıkarılmıştır. Demografik veriler, klinik özellikler, laboratuvar parametreleri, endoskopik bulgular ve başvurulara ilişkin veriler analiz edilmiştir. ÜGİK ile ilişkili AS başvurularını öngören faktörleri belirlemek için tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon modelleri kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Toplam 862 hastanın %19,9’u 30 gün içinde tekrar AS başvurusu yapmış olup, bunların 84’ü ÜGİK ile ilişkilidir. Kadın cinsiyet, malignite, antikoagülan kullanımı, önceki ÜGİK öyküsü ve taburculuk sırasındaki düşük hemoglobin seviyeleri, ÜGİK ile ilişkili tekrar başvuruların anlamlı öngörücüleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Forrest IA ülseri olan hastalarda tekrar başvuru oranı %42,9 iken, Forrest III ülseri olan hastalarda bu oran anlamlı derecede düşük olup %5,5’tir. Eritrosit süspansiyonu, tekrar başvuru grubunda daha sık kullanılmıştır (%83,3 - %61,2, p<0,001) ve bu, bu hastaların klinik durumlarının ciddiyetini yansıtmaktadır.

Sonuç: UGIB ile ilişkili tekrar başvurular, antikoagülan kullanımı, malignite, önceki ÜGİK öyküsü ve endoskopik bulgular dahil olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Taburculuk planlamasının kişiselleştirilmesi, hasta eğitimi ve risk sınıflandırması, tekrar başvuruların azaltılmasında kritik öneme sahiptir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, bu bulguların prospektif doğrulamasına ve hedefe yönelik müdahaleler için öngörücü modellerin geliştirilmesine odaklanmalıdır.

Ethical Statement

Marmara University Clinical Research Ethics Committee Clinical Research Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (protocol number: 09.2023.1426; November 11, 2023),

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum yoktur.

References

  • DiGregorio AM, Alvey H. Gastrointestinal Bleeding. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2024,StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2024.
  • Kudu E, Danış F. The Evolution of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs with Bibliometric Analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol. Dec 2022;33(12):1012-1024. doi:10.5152/tjg.2022.22007
  • Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, et al. Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2018. Gastroenterology. Jan 2019;156(1):254-272.e11. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.063
  • Kudu E, Danış F. Recognizing and addressing the challenges of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. World J Clin Cases. Jul 6 2024;12(19):3648-3653. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i19.3648
  • Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, Martel M, Leontiadis GI. ACG ClinicalGuideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. May 1 2021;116(5):899-917. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001245
  • Alali AA, Barkun AN. An update on the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2023;11:goad011. doi:10.1093/gastro/goad011
  • Kim WS, Kim SH, Joo MK, Park JJ, Lee BJ, Chun HJ. Re-bleeding and allcause mortality risk in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: focusing on patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2253822. doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2253822
  • CMS. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Last updated: March 2017. Available at: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service payment/PhysicianFeedbackProgram/Downloads/2015-ACRMIF.pdf Accessed 25 November 2024
  • Tatlıparmak AC, Dikme Ö, Dikme Ö, Topaçoğlu H. Cancer, platelet distribution width, and total protein levels as predictors of rebleeding in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PeerJ. 2022;10:e14061. doi:10.7717/peerj.14061
  • Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453-1457. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X
  • Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet. Aug 17 1974;2(7877):394-7. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91770-x
  • Yen HH, Wu PY, Wu TL, et al. Forrest Classification for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer: A New Look at the Old Endoscopic Classification. Diagnostics (Basel). Apr 24 2022;12(5)doi:10.3390/diagnostics12051066
  • Wadhera RK, Joynt Maddox KE, Kazi DS, Shen C, Yeh RW. Hospital revisits within 30 days after discharge for medical conditions targeted by the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program in the United States: national retrospective analysis. BMJ. Aug 12 2019;366:l4563. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4563
  • Tai FWD, McAlindon ME. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Med (Lond). Mar 2021;21(2):131-134. doi:10.7861/clinmed.2021-0039
  • UyaroĞlu OA, BaŞaran N, ÖziŞik L, et al. Thirty-day readmission rate of COVID-19 patients discharged from a tertiary care university hospital in Turkey: an observational, single-center study. Int J Qual Health Care. Feb 20 2021;33(1)doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzaa144
  • Kerbage A, Nammour T, Tamim H, et al. Impact of blood transfusion on mortality and rebleeding in gastrointestinal bleeding: an 8-year cohort from a tertiary care center. Ann Gastroenterol. May-Jun 2024;37(3):303-312. doi:10.20524/aog.2024.0877
  • Cremers I, Ribeiro S. Management of variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. Sep 2014;7(5):206-16. doi:10.1177/1756283x14538688
  • Leppin AL, Gionfriddo MR, Kessler M, et al. Preventing 30-day hospital readmissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA Intern Med. Jul 2014;174(7):1095-107. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1608
  • Kudu E, Akdag G, Yildirim ME. Evaluation of emergency department visits and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) in patients treated with nivolumab. Support Care Cancer. Sep 9 2024;32(10):646. doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08856-x
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Emre Kudu 0000-0002-1422-5927

Mustafa Altun 0000-0002-7090-8917

Asli Bahar Uçar 0000-0003-0053-5657

Cansu Tiriş 0000-0001-7693-1782

Sinan Karacabey 0000-0001-5479-5118

Erkman Sanrı 0000-0002-7108-3304

Özge Ecmel Onur 0000-0002-0110-3533

Arzu Denizbaşı 0000-0002-4589-8251

Early Pub Date March 29, 2025
Publication Date March 29, 2025
Submission Date December 20, 2024
Acceptance Date February 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Kudu E, Altun M, Uçar AB, Tiriş C, Karacabey S, Sanrı E, Onur ÖE, Denizbaşı A. Factors Associated with Thirty-Day Emergency Department Revisits for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Insights from a Five-Year Retrospective Study. Anatolian J Emerg Med. March 2025;8(1):1-7. doi:10.54996/anatolianjem.1603516