Case Report
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Primary Salmonella-associated Aortoenteric Fistula Presenting with Massive Hematemesis: A Case Report

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 146 - 149, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1722217

Abstract

Aim: Primary aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is a rare but life-threatening cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding, characterized by an abnormal communication between the abdominal aorta and the gastrointestinal tract. Salmonella-associated AEF represents a small subset (1–2%) of cases, typically arising from infectious arteritis leading to aortic wall necrosis and aneurysm formation.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 57-year-old man with a history of Salmonella arteritis and a known abdominal aortic aneurysm who presented with sudden massive hematemesis. Initial bedside ultrasonography suggested aneurysm rupture, and subsequent thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) angiography confirmed a 6 cm aneurysm with fistulization to the jejunum. Despite aggressive resuscitation, including intubation, massive transfusion, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, achieving temporary return of spontaneous circulation, the patient’s hemodynamic instability precluded surgical repair. The patient ultimately succumbed to recurrent cardiac arreste.
Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and high mortality associated with Salmonella-related primary AEF. Early consideration of AEF in patients with vascular infections presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding is critical. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis, enabling the timely identification of fistulization and guiding management. Multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate infection control, hemodynamic stabilization, and surgical intervention are essential for improving outcomes in this rare but fatal condition.

References

  • Skourtis G, Papacharalambous G, Makris S, et al. Primary aortoenteric fistula due to septic aortitis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24(6):825.e7-825.e11. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2010.03.011
  • Saers SJ, Scheltinga MR. Primary aortoenteric fistula. Br J Surg. 2005;92(2):143-152. doi:10.1002/bjs.4921
  • Armstrong PA, Back MR, Wilson JS, et al. Improved outcomes in the recent management of secondary aortoenteric fistula. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(4):660-666. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.06.020
  • Leon LR Jr, Mills JL Sr. Diagnosis and management of aortoenteric fistulas. Semin Vasc Surg. 2001;14(4):302-311. doi:10.1053/svas.2001.27885
  • Soravia C, Bühler H, Oertli D, et al. Salmonella-infected aortic aneurysm: aortoenteric fistula. Swiss Surg. 1999;5(3):119-122. doi:10.1024/1023-9332.5.3.119
  • Low RN, Wall SD, Jeffrey RB Jr, et al. Aortoenteric fistula and perigraft infection: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 1990;175(1):157-162. doi:10.1148/radiology.175.1.2315475
  • Mavila MG, Wu GY. Aortoenteric fistula. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019;119(2):135. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2019.022
  • Voorhoeve R, Moll FL, de Letter JA, et al. Primary aortoenteric fistula: report of eight new cases and review of the literature. Ann Vasc Surg. 1996;10(1):40-48. doi:10.1007/BF02002341
  • Chakfé N, Diener H, Lejay A, et al. European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 clinical practice guidelines on the management of vascular greft and endograft infections. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2020;59:339-84. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.10.005

Masif Hematemez ile Prezente Olan Primer Salmonella İlişkili Aortoenterik Fistül: Bir Olgu Sunumu

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 146 - 149, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1722217

Abstract

Amaç: Primer aortoenterik fistül (AEF), abdominal aort ile gastrointestinal sistem arasında anormal bir bağlantı ile karakterize, nadir ancak hayati tehlike oluşturan bir masif gastrointestinal kanama nedenidir. Salmonella ilişkili AEF, genellikle enfektif arterit sonucu aort duvarında nekroz ve anevrizma oluşumuyla ortaya çıkan vakaların küçük bir alt grubunu (%1–2) oluşturur.
Olgu Sunumu: Salmonella arteriti öyküsü ve bilinen abdominal aort anevrizması olan 57 yaşındaki bir erkek hastanın ani masif hematemezisle başvurduğu bir olguyu sunuyoruz. İlk yatak başı ultrasonografide anevrizma rüptürü şüphesi saptanmış, sonraki torakoabdominal bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) anjiyografisi 6 cm’lik bir anevrizma ile jejunuma fistülizasyonu doğrulamıştır. Entübasyon, masif transfüzyon ve kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyonla geçici spontan dolaşım dönüşü sağlanmasına rağmen, hastanın hemodinamik instabilitesi cerrahi onarımı engellemiştir. Hasta, tekrarlayan kardiyak arrest nedeniyle hayatını kaybetmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu olgu, Salmonella ilişkili primer AEF’nin tanısal zorluklarını ve yüksek mortalitesini vurgulamaktadır. Vasküler enfeksiyon öyküsü olan hastalarda gastrointestinal kanama ile başvuru durumunda AEF’nin erken düşünülmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Kontrastlı BT anjiyografi, fistülizasyonun zamanında tanımlanmasını ve tedavinin yönlendirilmesini sağlayan altın standart tanı yöntemidir. Enfeksiyon kontrolü, hemodinamik stabilizasyon ve cerrahi girişimi içeren multidisipliner yaklaşımlar, bu nadir ancak ölümcül durumun sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için gereklidir.

References

  • Skourtis G, Papacharalambous G, Makris S, et al. Primary aortoenteric fistula due to septic aortitis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24(6):825.e7-825.e11. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2010.03.011
  • Saers SJ, Scheltinga MR. Primary aortoenteric fistula. Br J Surg. 2005;92(2):143-152. doi:10.1002/bjs.4921
  • Armstrong PA, Back MR, Wilson JS, et al. Improved outcomes in the recent management of secondary aortoenteric fistula. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(4):660-666. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.06.020
  • Leon LR Jr, Mills JL Sr. Diagnosis and management of aortoenteric fistulas. Semin Vasc Surg. 2001;14(4):302-311. doi:10.1053/svas.2001.27885
  • Soravia C, Bühler H, Oertli D, et al. Salmonella-infected aortic aneurysm: aortoenteric fistula. Swiss Surg. 1999;5(3):119-122. doi:10.1024/1023-9332.5.3.119
  • Low RN, Wall SD, Jeffrey RB Jr, et al. Aortoenteric fistula and perigraft infection: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 1990;175(1):157-162. doi:10.1148/radiology.175.1.2315475
  • Mavila MG, Wu GY. Aortoenteric fistula. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019;119(2):135. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2019.022
  • Voorhoeve R, Moll FL, de Letter JA, et al. Primary aortoenteric fistula: report of eight new cases and review of the literature. Ann Vasc Surg. 1996;10(1):40-48. doi:10.1007/BF02002341
  • Chakfé N, Diener H, Lejay A, et al. European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 clinical practice guidelines on the management of vascular greft and endograft infections. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2020;59:339-84. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.10.005
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Furkan Yakın 0000-0002-8175-9785

Emir Ünal 0000-0003-2758-8214

Arzu Denizbaşı 0000-0002-4589-8251

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date June 18, 2025
Acceptance Date July 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Yakın F, Ünal E, Denizbaşı A. Primary Salmonella-associated Aortoenteric Fistula Presenting with Massive Hematemesis: A Case Report. Anatolian J Emerg Med. September 2025;8(3):146-149. doi:10.54996/anatolianjem.1722217