Conus arteriosus: an anatomic and terminologic evaluation

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy and terminology for the conus arteriosus, thereby revealing possible differences among various sources of this information.

Methods: Twenty-four textbooks, nine anatomy atlases, and six original articles related to terminology were examined. The term “conus arteriosus,” first used in Terminologia Anatomica, published in 1998, was also evaluated.

Results: Conus arteriosus is a part of the right ventricle (ventriculus dexter). Physicians refer to this structure as the ‘infundibulum’. Taking into account the three-dimensional aspect of the right ventricle, its outer surface is considered to be the conus arteriosus. This structure is supplied by branches of the right and left coronary arteries which are called the conus arteries. Thus, utilization of the term “conus artery” supports the aforementioned suggestion.

Conclusion: In case the term “conus arteriosus” falls out of preference for this structure as a whole, the nomenclature used for this structure in anatomy atlases must be corrected. This point is of importance for instructors and students. 

Keywords

• conus arteriosus
• infundibulum
• right ventricle
• sternocostal surface

References

1. Mesut R. Kardiyovasküler anatomi. In: Duran E, ed. Kalp ve damar cerrahisi. 1. baskı. ‹stanbul: Çapa Tıp Kitabevi; 2004. p. 37–41.
2. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT). Terminologia Anatomica. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1998.
3. Kaçar D, Barut Ç. Veins of the heart: an evaluation of the terminol- ogy. Türk Gö¤üs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi 2011;19:529–32.
4. Wilcox BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH. Kalbin cerrahi anatomisi. [Çev. Ed. Oran B]. 3. Baskı. Ankara: Günefl Tıp Kitabevleri; 2010. p. 14–129.
5. Kulkarni NV. Clinical anatomy (A Problem Solving Approach). 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers; 2012. p. 238–57.
6. Wilcox BR, Anderson RH. Surgical anatomy of the heart. In: Baue AE, ed. Glenn’s thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Vol 2. 6th ed. Stanford, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange; 1995. p. 1544–45.
7. Cook AC, Wilcox BR, Anderson RH. Surgical anatomy of the heart. In: Sellke FW, ed. Sabiston and Spencer’s surgery of the chest. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2010. p. 697–710.
8. Malouf JF, Edwards WD, Tajik AJ, Seward JB. Functional anato- my of the heart. In: Fuster V, Alexander RW, O’Rourke RA, eds. Hurst’s the heart. 11th ed. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill; 2004. p. 65–7.

9. Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi. Cilt 2. 4. baskı. Ankara: Günefl Kitabevi; 2006. p. 6.
10. Zeren Z. Anatomi. ‹stanbul: Filiz Kitabevi; 1966. p. 196.
11. Odar ‹V. Anatomi. Cilt 2. 7. baskı. Ankara: Hacettepe Kitapçılık; 1986. p. 403–4.
12. Popma JJ, Bittl J. Coronary angiography and intravascular ultra- sonography. In: Braunwald, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Heart disease. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1988. p. 399–400.
13. Kachlik D, Baca V, Bozdechova I, Cech P, Musil V. Anatomical terminology and nomenclature: past, present and highlights. Surg Radiol Anat 2008;30:459–66.
14. Message MA, Anderson RH. Towards a new terminology for clin- ical anatomy, with special reference to the heart. Clin Anat 1996; 9:317–29.
15. Anderson RH, Brown NA. The anatomy of the heart revisited. Anat Rec 1996;246:1–7.
16. Watler DC, Wynter L. Cor triventriculare: infundibular stenosis with subdivision of the right ventricle. Br Heart J 1961;23: 599–602.
17. McKinley M, O’Loughlin VD. Human anatomy. 2nd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill; 2008. p. 632–3.
18. Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Dorland’s/Gray’s Anatomi Cep Atlası.[Çev. Ed. ‹lgi S]. Ankara: Günefl Kitabevi; 2010. p. 100–101.
19. Sancak B, Cumhur M. Fonksiyonel anatomi: Bafl-boyun ve iç organlar. 3. baskı. Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık; 2004. p. 146.
20. Moore KL, Dalley AF. Klini¤e yönelik anatomi. [Çev. Ed. Şahino¤lu K]. 4. baskı. ‹stanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2007. p. 127–8.
21. Dauber W. Sistematik resimli anatomi sözlü¤ü. [Çev. Ed. Yıldırım M]. 4. Türkçe baskı. ‹stanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2007. p. 226.
22. Gatzoulis MA. Thorax. In: Standring S, ed. Gray’s anatomy. 40th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008. p. 964–1020.
23. Gökmen FG. Sistematik anatomi. ‹zmir: Güven Kitabevi; 2003. p. 247–8.
24. Çimen A. Anatomi. 6. baskı. Bursa: Uluda¤ Üniversitesi Güçlen- dirme Vakfı; 1996. p. 196.
25. Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Gray’s anatomy for students. 1st ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005. p. 164–5.
26. Snell RS. Klinik anatomi. [Çev. Cumhur M]. 3. baskı. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık; 2003. p. 15.
27. Ellis H. Clinical anatomy: Applied anatomy for students and jun- ior doctors. 11th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2006. p. 29–32.
28. Singh I. Textbook of anatomy. Volume 3. 5th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers; 2011. p. 406.
29. Yıldırım M. Resimli sistematik anatomi. 1. baskı. ‹stanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2013. p. 318.
30. Yıldırım M. Resimli anatomi sözlü¤ü. 1. Baskı. ‹stanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2013. p. 174–5.
31. Ferner H, Staubesand J. Sobotta insan anatomisi atlası. [Çev. Arıncı K]. Cilt 2. 2. baskı. Ankara: Atlas Tıp Kitapçılık; 1985.
32. Ferner H, Staubesand J. Sobotta/Becher atlas of human anatomy. Vol. 2. 9th English ed. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1975.
33. Putz R, Pabst R. Sobotta insan anatomisi atlası. [Çev. Elhan A]. Cilt 2. ‹stanbul: Beta Basım A.Ş; 2006.
34. Netter FH. Atlas of human anatomy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2010.
35. Netter FH. ‹nsan anatomi atlası. [Çev. Ed. Cumhur M]. 3. Baskı. ‹stanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2005.
36. Netter FH. The Netter collection of medical illustrations. [Çev. Ed. Erol Ç]. Vol. 5. Ankara: Günefl Tıp Kitabevleri; 2007.
37. Turgut HB. Anatomi uygulama kitabı. Ankara: MN Medikal & Nobel; 2010.
38. Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi (Dolaflım sistemi). 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi; 1993.
39. Schoenwofl GC, Bleyl SB, Brauer PR, Francis-West PH. Larsen’s human embryology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livinstone Elsevier; 2009. p. 349.
40. Merrick AF, Yacoub MH, Ho SY, Anderson RH. Anatomy of the muscular subpulmonary infundibulum with regrad to the Ross procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:556–61. Correspondence to: Ça¤atay Barut, MD, PhD Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Kozlu, 67600, Zonguldak, Turkey e-mail: [e-mail] Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.