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Year 2016, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 8 - 15, 30.04.2016

Abstract

References

  • Ashraf R, Aamir K, Shaikh AR, Ahmed T. Effects of garlic on dyslipidemia
  • in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ayub Med
  • Coll Abbottabad 2005;17:60–4.
  • Pittler MH, Ernst E. Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium
  • sativum). Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51:1382–5.
  • Augusti KT. Therapeutic value of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic
  • (Allium sativum L.). Indian J Exp Biol 1996;34:634–40.
  • Kaye AD, De Witt BJ, Anwar M, Smith DE, Feng CJ, Kadowitz
  • PJ, Nossaman BD. Analysis of responses of garlic derivatives in the
  • pulmonary vascular bed of the rat. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:353–8.
  • Batirel HF, Naka Y, Kayano K, Okada K, Vural K, Pinsky DJ, Oz
  • MC. Intravenous allicin improves pulmonary blood flow after
  • ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Cardiovasc Surg 2002;43:
  • –9.
  • Zbinden S, Seiler Ch. Phytotherapy in cardiovascular medicine.
  • Ther Umsch 2002;59:301–6.
  • Vazquez-Prieto MA, González RE, Renna NF, Galmarini CR,
  • Miatello RM. Aqueous garlic extracts prevent oxidative stress and
  • vascular remodeling in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome.
  • J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:6630–5.
  • Melzig MF, Krause E, Franke S. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase
  • activity of aortic endothelial cells by extracts of garlic (Allium
  • sativum L.). Pharmazie 1995;50:359–61.
  • Nishida Y, Ding J, Zhou M, Chen Q, Murakami H, Wu X.Z,
  • Kosaka H. Role of nitric oxide in vascular hyperresponsiveness to
  • norepinephrine in hypertensive Dahl rats. J Hypertens 1998;16:
  • –8.
  • Sofola OA, Knill A, Hainsworth R, Drinkhill M. Change in
  • endothelial function in mesenteric arteries of sprague–dawley rats
  • fed a high salt diet. J Physiol 2002;543:255–60.
  • Lenda DM, Sauls BA, Boegehold MA. Reactive oxygen species
  • may contribute to reduced endothelium dependent dilation in rats
  • fed high salt. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;279:H7–14.
  • Ni Z, Vaziri ND. Effect of salt loading on nitric oxide synthase
  • expression in normotensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2001;14:155–63.
  • Kagota S, Tamashiro A, Yamaguchi Y, Sugiura R, Kuno T,
  • Nakamura K, Kunitomo M. Downregulation of vascular soluble
  • guanylate cyclase induced by high salt intake in spontaneously
  • hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2001;134:737–44.
  • Luscher TF, Raij L, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-dependent vascular
  • responses in normotensive and hypertensive Dahl rats.
  • Hypertens 1987;9:157–63.
  • Wang DH, Du Y. Regulation of vascular type 1 angiotensin II
  • receptor in hypertension and sodium loading: role of angiotensin
  • II. J Hypertens 1998;16:467–75.
  • Strehlow K, Nickenig G, Roeling J, Wassmann S, Zolk O, Knorr
  • A, Bohm M. AT(1) receptor regulation in salt-sensitive hypertension.
  • J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1999;277:H1701–7.
  • Wang JM, Veerasingham SJ, Tan J, Leenen FH. Effects of high
  • salt intake on brain AT1 receptor densities in Dahl rats. J Physiol
  • Heart Circ Physiol 2003;285:H1949–55.
  • Jamshid Ghiasi G, Yahya E, Ramin Salamatdout N. Effect of garlic
  • (Allium sativum) aqueous extract on serum values of urea, uricacid
  • and creatinine compared with chromium chloride in male rats.
  • Annals of Biological Research 2012;3:4485–90.
  • Obiefuna PC, Obiefuna IP. Salt-induced hypertension in rats
  • alters the response of isolated aortic rings to cromakalim. West
  • Indian Med J 2001;50:17–21.
  • Adigun SA, Akinyanjuola OB. Salt induced hypertension is maintained
  • by autonomic nervous system and calcium but not by rennin
  • angiotensin system, vasopressin and prostaglandin. Niger J
  • Physiol Sci 1991;7:88–99.
  • Drury RA, Wallington EA. Carleton's histological technique. 5th
  • ed. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 1980. pp. 188-9,
  • -40, 290– 1.
  • Masson P. Some histological methods. Trichrome stainings and
  • their preliminary technique bulletin of the international association
  • of medicine. J Tech Methods 1929;12:75.
  • Verhoeff FH. Some new staining methods of wide applicability.
  • Including a rapid differential stain for elastic tissue. JAMA 1908;
  • :876.
  • Ofem O, Ani E, Okoi O, Effiang A, Eno A, Ibu J. Effect of Viscum
  • album (mistletoe) extract on some serum electrolytes, organ weight
  • and cytoarchitecture of the heart, kidney and blood vessels in high
  • salt-fed rats. The Internet Journal Nutrition and Wellness 2006;
  • Adewole SO, Adenowo T, Naicker T, Ojewole JA. Hypoglycaemic
  • and hypotensive effect of Ficus exasperata vahl. (Moraceae) leaf
  • aqueous extract in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med
  • ;8:275–83.
  • Du Cailar G, Ribstein J, Daures JP, Mimran A. Sodium and left
  • ventricular mass in untreated hypertensive and normotensive subjects.
  • Am J Physiol 1992;263:H177–81.
  • Komolafe OA, Ofusori DA, Adewole OS, Ayoka AO, Bejide R.
  • Histological and histochemical studies of the aorta and pulmonary
  • trunk in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats treated with
  • Momordica charantia. International Journal of Morphology 2013;
  • :716–23.
  • Van Bortel LM, Struijker-Boudier HA, Safar ME. Pulse pressure,
  • arterial stiffness and drug treatment of hypertension. Hypertension
  • ;38:914–21.
  • Banerjee SK, Mukherjee PK, Maulik SK. Garlic as an antioxidant:
  • the good, the bad and the ugly. Phytother Res 2003;17:97–106.
  • Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarbo N. Investigation of antihypertensive
  • mechanism of garlic in 2KIC hypertensive rat. J Ethnopharmacol
  • ;86:219–24.
  • Irani K. Angiotensin II-stimulated vascular remodeling. Circ Res
  • ;88:858–60.
  • Varagic J, Frohlich ED, Susic D, Ahn J, Matavelli L, López B.
  • AT1 receptor antagonism attenuates target organ effects of salt
  • excess in SHRs without affecting pressure. Am J Physiol Heart
  • Circ Physiol 2008;294:853–8.
  • Palmer BF. Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the
  • rennin-angiotensin aldosterone system. N Engl J Med 2004;351:
  • – 92.

AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY

Year 2016, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 8 - 15, 30.04.2016

Abstract

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the morphometric and histological changes of the wall of the thoracic aorta in high salt-fed adult Wistar rats and the possible ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum).
Methods: Twenty-five healthy female Wistar rats weighing 130–180 g were randomly assigned into five groups of five rats each (Groups A, B, C, D and E). Rats in Group A were fed with standard laboratory pellets, while Groups B, C, D and E were fed on the high-salt diet for five weeks. Thereafter, daily administration of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of the garlic extract were giving orally to Groups C, D and E, respectively for 3 weeks while rats in Groups A and B were administered distilled water. The thoracic part of descending aorta at the level of (T6–T7) was excised for histological studies. Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson stains. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple comparisons.
Results: High salt diet causes significant histomorphological changes on aorta of rats as evidenced by increase in tunica intima, media and adventitia of the aortic wall and decrease in luminal diameter; these findings were reversed by aqueous garlic extract administration.
Conclusion: High salt diet increased the thickness of aortic wall and decreased luminal diameter which were significantly reversed by oral administration of garlic extract.

References

  • Ashraf R, Aamir K, Shaikh AR, Ahmed T. Effects of garlic on dyslipidemia
  • in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ayub Med
  • Coll Abbottabad 2005;17:60–4.
  • Pittler MH, Ernst E. Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium
  • sativum). Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51:1382–5.
  • Augusti KT. Therapeutic value of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic
  • (Allium sativum L.). Indian J Exp Biol 1996;34:634–40.
  • Kaye AD, De Witt BJ, Anwar M, Smith DE, Feng CJ, Kadowitz
  • PJ, Nossaman BD. Analysis of responses of garlic derivatives in the
  • pulmonary vascular bed of the rat. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:353–8.
  • Batirel HF, Naka Y, Kayano K, Okada K, Vural K, Pinsky DJ, Oz
  • MC. Intravenous allicin improves pulmonary blood flow after
  • ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Cardiovasc Surg 2002;43:
  • –9.
  • Zbinden S, Seiler Ch. Phytotherapy in cardiovascular medicine.
  • Ther Umsch 2002;59:301–6.
  • Vazquez-Prieto MA, González RE, Renna NF, Galmarini CR,
  • Miatello RM. Aqueous garlic extracts prevent oxidative stress and
  • vascular remodeling in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome.
  • J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:6630–5.
  • Melzig MF, Krause E, Franke S. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase
  • activity of aortic endothelial cells by extracts of garlic (Allium
  • sativum L.). Pharmazie 1995;50:359–61.
  • Nishida Y, Ding J, Zhou M, Chen Q, Murakami H, Wu X.Z,
  • Kosaka H. Role of nitric oxide in vascular hyperresponsiveness to
  • norepinephrine in hypertensive Dahl rats. J Hypertens 1998;16:
  • –8.
  • Sofola OA, Knill A, Hainsworth R, Drinkhill M. Change in
  • endothelial function in mesenteric arteries of sprague–dawley rats
  • fed a high salt diet. J Physiol 2002;543:255–60.
  • Lenda DM, Sauls BA, Boegehold MA. Reactive oxygen species
  • may contribute to reduced endothelium dependent dilation in rats
  • fed high salt. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;279:H7–14.
  • Ni Z, Vaziri ND. Effect of salt loading on nitric oxide synthase
  • expression in normotensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2001;14:155–63.
  • Kagota S, Tamashiro A, Yamaguchi Y, Sugiura R, Kuno T,
  • Nakamura K, Kunitomo M. Downregulation of vascular soluble
  • guanylate cyclase induced by high salt intake in spontaneously
  • hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2001;134:737–44.
  • Luscher TF, Raij L, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-dependent vascular
  • responses in normotensive and hypertensive Dahl rats.
  • Hypertens 1987;9:157–63.
  • Wang DH, Du Y. Regulation of vascular type 1 angiotensin II
  • receptor in hypertension and sodium loading: role of angiotensin
  • II. J Hypertens 1998;16:467–75.
  • Strehlow K, Nickenig G, Roeling J, Wassmann S, Zolk O, Knorr
  • A, Bohm M. AT(1) receptor regulation in salt-sensitive hypertension.
  • J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1999;277:H1701–7.
  • Wang JM, Veerasingham SJ, Tan J, Leenen FH. Effects of high
  • salt intake on brain AT1 receptor densities in Dahl rats. J Physiol
  • Heart Circ Physiol 2003;285:H1949–55.
  • Jamshid Ghiasi G, Yahya E, Ramin Salamatdout N. Effect of garlic
  • (Allium sativum) aqueous extract on serum values of urea, uricacid
  • and creatinine compared with chromium chloride in male rats.
  • Annals of Biological Research 2012;3:4485–90.
  • Obiefuna PC, Obiefuna IP. Salt-induced hypertension in rats
  • alters the response of isolated aortic rings to cromakalim. West
  • Indian Med J 2001;50:17–21.
  • Adigun SA, Akinyanjuola OB. Salt induced hypertension is maintained
  • by autonomic nervous system and calcium but not by rennin
  • angiotensin system, vasopressin and prostaglandin. Niger J
  • Physiol Sci 1991;7:88–99.
  • Drury RA, Wallington EA. Carleton's histological technique. 5th
  • ed. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 1980. pp. 188-9,
  • -40, 290– 1.
  • Masson P. Some histological methods. Trichrome stainings and
  • their preliminary technique bulletin of the international association
  • of medicine. J Tech Methods 1929;12:75.
  • Verhoeff FH. Some new staining methods of wide applicability.
  • Including a rapid differential stain for elastic tissue. JAMA 1908;
  • :876.
  • Ofem O, Ani E, Okoi O, Effiang A, Eno A, Ibu J. Effect of Viscum
  • album (mistletoe) extract on some serum electrolytes, organ weight
  • and cytoarchitecture of the heart, kidney and blood vessels in high
  • salt-fed rats. The Internet Journal Nutrition and Wellness 2006;
  • Adewole SO, Adenowo T, Naicker T, Ojewole JA. Hypoglycaemic
  • and hypotensive effect of Ficus exasperata vahl. (Moraceae) leaf
  • aqueous extract in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med
  • ;8:275–83.
  • Du Cailar G, Ribstein J, Daures JP, Mimran A. Sodium and left
  • ventricular mass in untreated hypertensive and normotensive subjects.
  • Am J Physiol 1992;263:H177–81.
  • Komolafe OA, Ofusori DA, Adewole OS, Ayoka AO, Bejide R.
  • Histological and histochemical studies of the aorta and pulmonary
  • trunk in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats treated with
  • Momordica charantia. International Journal of Morphology 2013;
  • :716–23.
  • Van Bortel LM, Struijker-Boudier HA, Safar ME. Pulse pressure,
  • arterial stiffness and drug treatment of hypertension. Hypertension
  • ;38:914–21.
  • Banerjee SK, Mukherjee PK, Maulik SK. Garlic as an antioxidant:
  • the good, the bad and the ugly. Phytother Res 2003;17:97–106.
  • Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarbo N. Investigation of antihypertensive
  • mechanism of garlic in 2KIC hypertensive rat. J Ethnopharmacol
  • ;86:219–24.
  • Irani K. Angiotensin II-stimulated vascular remodeling. Circ Res
  • ;88:858–60.
  • Varagic J, Frohlich ED, Susic D, Ahn J, Matavelli L, López B.
  • AT1 receptor antagonism attenuates target organ effects of salt
  • excess in SHRs without affecting pressure. Am J Physiol Heart
  • Circ Physiol 2008;294:853–8.
  • Palmer BF. Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the
  • rennin-angiotensin aldosterone system. N Engl J Med 2004;351:
  • – 92.
There are 104 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Olusola S. Saka This is me

A. Omobola Komolafe This is me

Oludare Ogunlade This is me

Ahmed A. Olayode This is me

Alice A. Akinjisola This is me

Publication Date April 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Saka, O. S., Komolafe, A. O., Ogunlade, O., Olayode, A. A., et al. (2016). AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY. Anatomy, 10(1), 8-15.
AMA Saka OS, Komolafe AO, Ogunlade O, Olayode AA, Akinjisola AA. AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY. Anatomy. June 2016;10(1):8-15.
Chicago Saka, Olusola S., A. Omobola Komolafe, Oludare Ogunlade, Ahmed A. Olayode, and Alice A. Akinjisola. “AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY”. Anatomy 10, no. 1 (June 2016): 8-15.
EndNote Saka OS, Komolafe AO, Ogunlade O, Olayode AA, Akinjisola AA (June 1, 2016) AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY. Anatomy 10 1 8–15.
IEEE O. S. Saka, A. O. Komolafe, O. Ogunlade, A. A. Olayode, and A. A. Akinjisola, “AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY”, Anatomy, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2016.
ISNAD Saka, Olusola S. et al. “AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY”. Anatomy 10/1 (June 2016), 8-15.
JAMA Saka OS, Komolafe AO, Ogunlade O, Olayode AA, Akinjisola AA. AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY. Anatomy. 2016;10:8–15.
MLA Saka, Olusola S. et al. “AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY”. Anatomy, vol. 10, no. 1, 2016, pp. 8-15.
Vancouver Saka OS, Komolafe AO, Ogunlade O, Olayode AA, Akinjisola AA. AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ADMINISTRATION ALLEVIATES HIGH SALT DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE AORTA OF ADULT WISTAR RATS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY. Anatomy. 2016;10(1):8-15.

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