Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 104 - 115, 31.08.2021

Abstract

References

  • Johnson D, Ellis H, Collins P, editors. Pectoral girdle and upper limb. In: Standring S, editor. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 29th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 799–942.
  • Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM, Gray’s anatomy for students. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2015. p. 719–819.
  • Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically oriented anatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer; 2018. p. 483–91.
  • Maslarski I. The artery blood supply variant of the upper limb. Clujul Med 2015;88:545–9.
  • Rodríguez-Niedenführ M, Burton GJ, Deu J, Sañudo JR. Development of the arterial pattern in the upper limb of staged human embryos: normal development and anatomic variations. J Anat 2001;199:407–17.
  • Çavdar S, Zeybek A, Bayramiçli M. Rare variation of the axillary artery. Clin Anat 2000;13:66–8.
  • Shantakumar SR, Rao KM. Variant branching pattern of axillary artery: a case report. Case Rep Vasc Med 2012;2012:976968.
  • Swamy RS, Rao MKG, Kumar N, Sirasanagandla SR, Nelluri VM. Unusual branching pattern of axillary artery associated with the high origin of ulnar artery. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013;265–7.
  • Naveen K, Jyothsna P, Satheesha BN, Mohandas Rao KG, Ravindra S, Deepthinath R, Surekha SD. Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery-a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 2014;24:93–6.
  • Aastha, Jain A, Kumar MS. An unusual variation of axillary artery: a case report. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:AD05–7.
  • Rao TR, Shetty P, Suresh R. Abnormal branching pattern of the axillary artery and its clinical significance. International Journal of Morphology 2008;26:389–92.
  • Satyanarayana N, Arul moli R, Sunitha P, Chandralekha G, Ravindranath G, Jayasree N, Srilahari N. Variation in the branching pattern of right axillary artery in a malaysian adult male cadaver–a case report. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2012;2:19–22.
  • Singh R. Abnormal origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery and subscapular artery: case report and review of the literature. J Vasc Bras 2017;16:248–51.
  • Özgür M, Gölpınar M, Arifoğlu Y, Çavdar S. High origin of radial artery from the axillary artery: case report. Artery Research 2017;17:39–42.
  • Olinger A. Upper limb arteries. In: Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M, editors. Bergman’s comprehensive encyclopedia of human anatomic variation. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2016. p. 583–618.
  • Venieratos D, Lolis ED. Abnormal ramification of the axillary artery: sub-scapular common trunk. Morphologie 2001;85:23–4.
  • George BM, Nayak S, Kumar P. Clinically significant neurovascular variations in the axilla and the arm–a case report. Neuroanatomy 2007;6:36–8.
  • Astik R, Dave U. Variations in branching pattern of the axillary artery: a study in 40 human cadavers. Journal Vascular Brasileiro 2012;11:12–7.
  • Kanaka S, Eluru RT, Basha MA, Somasekhar R, Kanchanalatha G, Haniman KS. Frequency of variations in axillary artery branches and its surgical importance. International Journal of Scientific Study 2015; 3:1–4.
  • Maheswary Thampi S, Vijayamma KN, Prasad Kumar R. Axillary artery – a study on branching pattern and variations. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 2017;4:261924.
  • Konarik M, Musil V, Baca V, Kachlik D. Upper limb principal arteries variations: a cadaveric study with terminological implication. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020;20:502–13.
  • Miguel-Pérez M. Anomalous origin and course of the posterior circumflex humeral artery: clinical interest in shoulder arthroscopy and open procedures. Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders 2018;2:000153.
  • Siri AM, Ravikumar V, Gowd HS, Acharya A. Anomalous Branching pattern of the 3rd part of axillary artery. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine 2013;1:68–70.
  • Gaur S, Katariya SK, Vaishnani H, Wani IN, Bondre KV, Shah GV. A cadaveric study of branching pattern of the axillary artery. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research 2012;3:1388–91.
  • VijayaBhaskar P, Ritesh R, Shankar PR. Anomalous branching of the axillary artery: a case report. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2006;4: 517–9.
  • Pandey SK, Shukla VK. Anatomical variations of the cords of brachial plexus and the median nerve. Clin Anat 2007;20:150–6.
  • Fontes EB, Precht BLC, Andrade RCL, Fernandes RMP, Cisne R. Output relations of humeral circumflex arteries and its variations. International Journal of Morphology 2015;33:1171–5.
  • Olinger A, Benninger B. Branching patterns of the lateral thoracic, subscapular, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and their relationship to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Clin Anat 2010;23:407–12.
  • Banerjee A, Kumari C, Jhajhria SK. Variation in the branching pattern of third part of axillary artery – a case report. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11:AD03–4.
  • Aharinejad S, Nourani F, Hollensteiner H. Rare case of high origin of the ulnar artery from the brachial artery. Clin Anat 1997;10:253–8.
  • Jacquemin G, Lemaire V, Medot M, Fissette J. Bilateral case of superficial ulnar artery originating from axillary artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2001;23:139–43.
  • Detton AJ. Grant’s dissector. 16th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer; 2020. p. 339.
  • Adachi B. Das arteriensystem der Japaner. Vol. 1. Kyoto: Maruzen; 1928. p. 207–85;350–2.
  • Lippert H, Pabst R. Arterial variations in man. Munich: JF Bergmann-Verlag; 1985. p. 71–3.
  • McGregor AL. A synopsis of surgical anatomy. Bristol: Williams & Wilkins; 1959. p. 714.
  • Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bose A, Saha PK. Variation of branching pattern of axillary artery. International Journal of Anatomical Variations 2014;7:27–9.

Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 104 - 115, 31.08.2021

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to describe variations of the third part of the axillary artery branches with respect to their diameter, origin, subsequent branches, and gender.
Methods: One-hundred and forty cadaveric shoulders were examined bilaterally in the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, which is regulated by Human Tissue Act (Scotland) 2006. Branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery were dissected and the diameter, origin, subsequent branching patterns of each branch were documented, as well as gender. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to determine the association between the variables.
Results: The most common variations were associated with the posterior circumflex humeral artery (48.3%), followed by the anterior circumflex humeral (25%) and subscapular arteries (16.7%). Variations of the anterior circumflex humeral artery were more common in females than males (p<0.05). A significant association between the origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery and its subsequent branching pattern was observed. In females, the anterior circumflex humeral artery was more likely to give rise to the profunda brachii when it originated from the posterior circumflex humeral artery.
Conclusion: Branches of the third part of the axillary artery vary in diameter, origin and subsequent branching patterns and the gender. An understanding of these variations is essential for accurate radiological diagnostic interpretation and therapeutic intervention. The difference in the variations observed and those reported in the literature suggest the need for further large scale studies.

References

  • Johnson D, Ellis H, Collins P, editors. Pectoral girdle and upper limb. In: Standring S, editor. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 29th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 799–942.
  • Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM, Gray’s anatomy for students. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2015. p. 719–819.
  • Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically oriented anatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer; 2018. p. 483–91.
  • Maslarski I. The artery blood supply variant of the upper limb. Clujul Med 2015;88:545–9.
  • Rodríguez-Niedenführ M, Burton GJ, Deu J, Sañudo JR. Development of the arterial pattern in the upper limb of staged human embryos: normal development and anatomic variations. J Anat 2001;199:407–17.
  • Çavdar S, Zeybek A, Bayramiçli M. Rare variation of the axillary artery. Clin Anat 2000;13:66–8.
  • Shantakumar SR, Rao KM. Variant branching pattern of axillary artery: a case report. Case Rep Vasc Med 2012;2012:976968.
  • Swamy RS, Rao MKG, Kumar N, Sirasanagandla SR, Nelluri VM. Unusual branching pattern of axillary artery associated with the high origin of ulnar artery. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013;265–7.
  • Naveen K, Jyothsna P, Satheesha BN, Mohandas Rao KG, Ravindra S, Deepthinath R, Surekha SD. Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery-a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 2014;24:93–6.
  • Aastha, Jain A, Kumar MS. An unusual variation of axillary artery: a case report. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:AD05–7.
  • Rao TR, Shetty P, Suresh R. Abnormal branching pattern of the axillary artery and its clinical significance. International Journal of Morphology 2008;26:389–92.
  • Satyanarayana N, Arul moli R, Sunitha P, Chandralekha G, Ravindranath G, Jayasree N, Srilahari N. Variation in the branching pattern of right axillary artery in a malaysian adult male cadaver–a case report. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2012;2:19–22.
  • Singh R. Abnormal origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery and subscapular artery: case report and review of the literature. J Vasc Bras 2017;16:248–51.
  • Özgür M, Gölpınar M, Arifoğlu Y, Çavdar S. High origin of radial artery from the axillary artery: case report. Artery Research 2017;17:39–42.
  • Olinger A. Upper limb arteries. In: Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M, editors. Bergman’s comprehensive encyclopedia of human anatomic variation. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2016. p. 583–618.
  • Venieratos D, Lolis ED. Abnormal ramification of the axillary artery: sub-scapular common trunk. Morphologie 2001;85:23–4.
  • George BM, Nayak S, Kumar P. Clinically significant neurovascular variations in the axilla and the arm–a case report. Neuroanatomy 2007;6:36–8.
  • Astik R, Dave U. Variations in branching pattern of the axillary artery: a study in 40 human cadavers. Journal Vascular Brasileiro 2012;11:12–7.
  • Kanaka S, Eluru RT, Basha MA, Somasekhar R, Kanchanalatha G, Haniman KS. Frequency of variations in axillary artery branches and its surgical importance. International Journal of Scientific Study 2015; 3:1–4.
  • Maheswary Thampi S, Vijayamma KN, Prasad Kumar R. Axillary artery – a study on branching pattern and variations. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 2017;4:261924.
  • Konarik M, Musil V, Baca V, Kachlik D. Upper limb principal arteries variations: a cadaveric study with terminological implication. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020;20:502–13.
  • Miguel-Pérez M. Anomalous origin and course of the posterior circumflex humeral artery: clinical interest in shoulder arthroscopy and open procedures. Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders 2018;2:000153.
  • Siri AM, Ravikumar V, Gowd HS, Acharya A. Anomalous Branching pattern of the 3rd part of axillary artery. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine 2013;1:68–70.
  • Gaur S, Katariya SK, Vaishnani H, Wani IN, Bondre KV, Shah GV. A cadaveric study of branching pattern of the axillary artery. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research 2012;3:1388–91.
  • VijayaBhaskar P, Ritesh R, Shankar PR. Anomalous branching of the axillary artery: a case report. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2006;4: 517–9.
  • Pandey SK, Shukla VK. Anatomical variations of the cords of brachial plexus and the median nerve. Clin Anat 2007;20:150–6.
  • Fontes EB, Precht BLC, Andrade RCL, Fernandes RMP, Cisne R. Output relations of humeral circumflex arteries and its variations. International Journal of Morphology 2015;33:1171–5.
  • Olinger A, Benninger B. Branching patterns of the lateral thoracic, subscapular, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and their relationship to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Clin Anat 2010;23:407–12.
  • Banerjee A, Kumari C, Jhajhria SK. Variation in the branching pattern of third part of axillary artery – a case report. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11:AD03–4.
  • Aharinejad S, Nourani F, Hollensteiner H. Rare case of high origin of the ulnar artery from the brachial artery. Clin Anat 1997;10:253–8.
  • Jacquemin G, Lemaire V, Medot M, Fissette J. Bilateral case of superficial ulnar artery originating from axillary artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2001;23:139–43.
  • Detton AJ. Grant’s dissector. 16th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer; 2020. p. 339.
  • Adachi B. Das arteriensystem der Japaner. Vol. 1. Kyoto: Maruzen; 1928. p. 207–85;350–2.
  • Lippert H, Pabst R. Arterial variations in man. Munich: JF Bergmann-Verlag; 1985. p. 71–3.
  • McGregor AL. A synopsis of surgical anatomy. Bristol: Williams & Wilkins; 1959. p. 714.
  • Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bose A, Saha PK. Variation of branching pattern of axillary artery. International Journal of Anatomical Variations 2014;7:27–9.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Abduelmenem Alashkham 0000-0003-2959-5039

Tarek Almabrouk

Roger Soames This is me 0000-0003-1359-172X

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Alashkham, A., Almabrouk, T., & Soames, R. (2021). Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study. Anatomy, 15(2), 104-115.
AMA Alashkham A, Almabrouk T, Soames R. Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study. Anatomy. August 2021;15(2):104-115.
Chicago Alashkham, Abduelmenem, Tarek Almabrouk, and Roger Soames. “Variations of the Branches Arising from the Third Part of the Axillary Artery: A Cadaveric Study”. Anatomy 15, no. 2 (August 2021): 104-15.
EndNote Alashkham A, Almabrouk T, Soames R (August 1, 2021) Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study. Anatomy 15 2 104–115.
IEEE A. Alashkham, T. Almabrouk, and R. Soames, “Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study”, Anatomy, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 104–115, 2021.
ISNAD Alashkham, Abduelmenem et al. “Variations of the Branches Arising from the Third Part of the Axillary Artery: A Cadaveric Study”. Anatomy 15/2 (August 2021), 104-115.
JAMA Alashkham A, Almabrouk T, Soames R. Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study. Anatomy. 2021;15:104–115.
MLA Alashkham, Abduelmenem et al. “Variations of the Branches Arising from the Third Part of the Axillary Artery: A Cadaveric Study”. Anatomy, vol. 15, no. 2, 2021, pp. 104-15.
Vancouver Alashkham A, Almabrouk T, Soames R. Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study. Anatomy. 2021;15(2):104-15.

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