Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 62 - 69, 31.08.2023

Abstract

References

  • Szaro P, Witkowski G, Smigielski R, Krajewski P, Ciszek B. Fascicles of the adult human Achilles tendon – an anatomical study. Ann Anat 2009;191:586–93.
  • Pękala PA, Drzymała A, Kaythampillai L, Skinningsrud B, Mizia E, Rok T, Wojciechowski W, Tomaszewski KA. The influence of aging on the insertion of the Achilles tendon: a magnetic resonance study. Clin Anat 2020;33:545–51.
  • Karenberg A. The world of gods and the body of man: mythological origins of modern anatomical terms. Anatomy 2013;7:7–22.
  • Franz JR, Thelen DG. Imaging and simulation of Achilles tendon dynamics: implications for walking performance in the elderly. J Biomech 2016;49:1403–10.
  • Winnicki K, Ochała-Kłos A, Rutowicz B, Pękala PA, Tomaszewski KA. Functional anatomy, histology and biomechanics of the human Achilles tendon – a comprehensive review. Ann Anat 2020;229:151461.
  • Riley G. Tendinopathy – from basic science to treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2008;4:82–9.
  • Magnusson SP, Langberg H, Kjaer M. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6:262–8.
  • Beitzel K, Mazzocca AD, Obopilwe E, Boyle JW, McWilliam J, Rincon L, Dhar Y, Arciero RA, Amendola A. Biomechanical properties of double-and single-row suture anchor repair for surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:1642–8.
  • Knapik JJ, Pope R. Achilles tendinopathy: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and screening. J Spec Oper Med 2020;20:125–40.
  • Drakonaki EE, Gataa KG, Szaro P. The anatomical variant of high soleus muscle may predispose to tendinopathy: a preliminary MR study. Surg Radiol Anat 2021;43:1681–9.
  • Gärdin A, Bruno J, Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Shalabi A. Magnetic resonance signal, rather than tendon volume, correlates to pain and functional impairment in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Acta Radiol 2006;47:718–24.
  • Roos EM, Engström M, Lagerquist A, Söderberg B. Clinical improvement after 6 weeks of eccentric exercise in patients with mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy – a randomized trial with 1‐year follow‐up. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004;14:286–95.
  • Pierre-Jerome C, Moncayo V, Terk MR. MRI of the Achilles tendon: a comprehensive review of the anatomy, biomechanics, and imaging of overuse tendinopathies. Acta Radiol 2010;51:438–54.
  • Williams JG. Achilles tendon lesions in sport. Sports Med 1993;16:216–20.
  • Kannus P, Jozsa L. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study ontrolled stof 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73:1507–25.
  • Haims AH, Schweitzer ME, Patel RS, Hecht P, Wapner KL. MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: overlap of findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Skeletal Radiol 2000;29:640–5.
  • Alfredson H, Cook J. A treatment algorithm for managing Achilles tendinopathy: new treatment options. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:211–6.
  • Paavola M, Kannus P, Järvinen TA, Khan K, Józsa L, Järvinen M. Achilles tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:2062–76.
  • Weber C, Wedegärtner U, Maas L, Buchert R, Adam G, Maas R. MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: evaluation of criteria for the differentiation of asymptomatic and symptomatic tendons. Rofo 2011; 183:631–40.
  • Soila K, Karjalainen P, Aronen H, Pihlajamäki H, Tirman PJ. High-resolution MR imaging of the asymptomatic Achilles tendon: new observations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:323–8.
  • Obst S, Newsham‐West R, Barrett RS. Changes in Achilles tendon mechanical properties following eccentric heel drop exercise are specific to the free tendon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016;26:421–31.
  • Farris DJ, Trewartha G, McGuigan MP, Lichtwark GA. Differential strain patterns of the human Achilles tendon determined in vivo with freehand three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:594–600.
  • Arampatzis A, Karamanidis K, Albracht K. Adaptational responses of the human Achilles tendon by modulation of the applied cyclic strain magnitude. J Exp Biol 2007;210:2743–53.
  • Malagelada F, Stephen J, Dalmau-Pastor M, Masci L, Yeh M, Vega J, Calder J. Pressure changes in the Kager fat pad at the extremes of ankle motion suggest a potential role in Achilles tendinopathy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020;28:148–54.
  • Rosager S, Aagaard P, Dyhre‐Poulsen P, Neergaard K, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Load‐displacement properties of the human triceps surae aponeurosis and tendon in runners and non‐runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2002;12:90–8.
  • Åström M, Gentz C-F, Nilsson P, Rausing A, Sjöberg S, Westlin N. Imaging in chronic achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases. Skeletal Radiol 1996;25:615–20.
  • Nuri L, Obst SJ, Newsham-West R, Barrett RS. The tendinopathic Achilles tendon does not remain iso-volumetric upon repeated loading: insights from 3D ultrasound. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3053–61.
  • Åström M, Westlin N. Blood flow in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994;(308):166–72.

Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 62 - 69, 31.08.2023

Abstract

Objectives: The Achilles tendon, the biggest tendon in the body, transmits the mechanical force received from the body to the ankle through the calcaneus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of morphometric characteristics of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles that make up the Achilles tendon on tendinopathy by MRI.
Methods: Foot magnetic resonance images of 128 patients (121 males and 107 females) were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into two groups, the tendinopathy group and the control group. The length and the thickness of the Achilles tendon and the distance of the maximum thickness from the calcaneal insertion were measured in both groups and evaluated for differences between the groups and between genders.
Results: In the comparison between genders, the thickness of the Achilles tendon and the distance of the maximum thickness to the calcaneal insertion were higher in males than in females. The length and the thickness of the Achilles tendon was significantly increased in the tendinopathy group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: In this study, we investigated the relationship between Achilles tendinopathy and the morphometric properties of the muscles forming the Achilles tendon. The results of our study showed that Achilles tendon length and tendon thickness increased in patients with tendinopathy compared to the control group.

References

  • Szaro P, Witkowski G, Smigielski R, Krajewski P, Ciszek B. Fascicles of the adult human Achilles tendon – an anatomical study. Ann Anat 2009;191:586–93.
  • Pękala PA, Drzymała A, Kaythampillai L, Skinningsrud B, Mizia E, Rok T, Wojciechowski W, Tomaszewski KA. The influence of aging on the insertion of the Achilles tendon: a magnetic resonance study. Clin Anat 2020;33:545–51.
  • Karenberg A. The world of gods and the body of man: mythological origins of modern anatomical terms. Anatomy 2013;7:7–22.
  • Franz JR, Thelen DG. Imaging and simulation of Achilles tendon dynamics: implications for walking performance in the elderly. J Biomech 2016;49:1403–10.
  • Winnicki K, Ochała-Kłos A, Rutowicz B, Pękala PA, Tomaszewski KA. Functional anatomy, histology and biomechanics of the human Achilles tendon – a comprehensive review. Ann Anat 2020;229:151461.
  • Riley G. Tendinopathy – from basic science to treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2008;4:82–9.
  • Magnusson SP, Langberg H, Kjaer M. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6:262–8.
  • Beitzel K, Mazzocca AD, Obopilwe E, Boyle JW, McWilliam J, Rincon L, Dhar Y, Arciero RA, Amendola A. Biomechanical properties of double-and single-row suture anchor repair for surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:1642–8.
  • Knapik JJ, Pope R. Achilles tendinopathy: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and screening. J Spec Oper Med 2020;20:125–40.
  • Drakonaki EE, Gataa KG, Szaro P. The anatomical variant of high soleus muscle may predispose to tendinopathy: a preliminary MR study. Surg Radiol Anat 2021;43:1681–9.
  • Gärdin A, Bruno J, Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Shalabi A. Magnetic resonance signal, rather than tendon volume, correlates to pain and functional impairment in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Acta Radiol 2006;47:718–24.
  • Roos EM, Engström M, Lagerquist A, Söderberg B. Clinical improvement after 6 weeks of eccentric exercise in patients with mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy – a randomized trial with 1‐year follow‐up. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004;14:286–95.
  • Pierre-Jerome C, Moncayo V, Terk MR. MRI of the Achilles tendon: a comprehensive review of the anatomy, biomechanics, and imaging of overuse tendinopathies. Acta Radiol 2010;51:438–54.
  • Williams JG. Achilles tendon lesions in sport. Sports Med 1993;16:216–20.
  • Kannus P, Jozsa L. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study ontrolled stof 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73:1507–25.
  • Haims AH, Schweitzer ME, Patel RS, Hecht P, Wapner KL. MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: overlap of findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Skeletal Radiol 2000;29:640–5.
  • Alfredson H, Cook J. A treatment algorithm for managing Achilles tendinopathy: new treatment options. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:211–6.
  • Paavola M, Kannus P, Järvinen TA, Khan K, Józsa L, Järvinen M. Achilles tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:2062–76.
  • Weber C, Wedegärtner U, Maas L, Buchert R, Adam G, Maas R. MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: evaluation of criteria for the differentiation of asymptomatic and symptomatic tendons. Rofo 2011; 183:631–40.
  • Soila K, Karjalainen P, Aronen H, Pihlajamäki H, Tirman PJ. High-resolution MR imaging of the asymptomatic Achilles tendon: new observations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:323–8.
  • Obst S, Newsham‐West R, Barrett RS. Changes in Achilles tendon mechanical properties following eccentric heel drop exercise are specific to the free tendon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016;26:421–31.
  • Farris DJ, Trewartha G, McGuigan MP, Lichtwark GA. Differential strain patterns of the human Achilles tendon determined in vivo with freehand three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:594–600.
  • Arampatzis A, Karamanidis K, Albracht K. Adaptational responses of the human Achilles tendon by modulation of the applied cyclic strain magnitude. J Exp Biol 2007;210:2743–53.
  • Malagelada F, Stephen J, Dalmau-Pastor M, Masci L, Yeh M, Vega J, Calder J. Pressure changes in the Kager fat pad at the extremes of ankle motion suggest a potential role in Achilles tendinopathy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020;28:148–54.
  • Rosager S, Aagaard P, Dyhre‐Poulsen P, Neergaard K, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Load‐displacement properties of the human triceps surae aponeurosis and tendon in runners and non‐runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2002;12:90–8.
  • Åström M, Gentz C-F, Nilsson P, Rausing A, Sjöberg S, Westlin N. Imaging in chronic achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases. Skeletal Radiol 1996;25:615–20.
  • Nuri L, Obst SJ, Newsham-West R, Barrett RS. The tendinopathic Achilles tendon does not remain iso-volumetric upon repeated loading: insights from 3D ultrasound. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3053–61.
  • Åström M, Westlin N. Blood flow in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994;(308):166–72.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Radiology and Organ Imaging
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Taner Kösetürk

Düzgün Can Senbil

Mukadder Sunar

Sonay Aydın

Mecit Kantarcı

Publication Date August 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kösetürk, T., Senbil, D. C., Sunar, M., Aydın, S., et al. (2023). Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study. Anatomy, 17(2), 62-69.
AMA Kösetürk T, Senbil DC, Sunar M, Aydın S, Kantarcı M. Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study. Anatomy. August 2023;17(2):62-69.
Chicago Kösetürk, Taner, Düzgün Can Senbil, Mukadder Sunar, Sonay Aydın, and Mecit Kantarcı. “Evaluation of the Morphometric Features of Achilles Tendon With Tendinopathy: an MRI Study”. Anatomy 17, no. 2 (August 2023): 62-69.
EndNote Kösetürk T, Senbil DC, Sunar M, Aydın S, Kantarcı M (August 1, 2023) Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study. Anatomy 17 2 62–69.
IEEE T. Kösetürk, D. C. Senbil, M. Sunar, S. Aydın, and M. Kantarcı, “Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study”, Anatomy, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 62–69, 2023.
ISNAD Kösetürk, Taner et al. “Evaluation of the Morphometric Features of Achilles Tendon With Tendinopathy: an MRI Study”. Anatomy 17/2 (August 2023), 62-69.
JAMA Kösetürk T, Senbil DC, Sunar M, Aydın S, Kantarcı M. Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study. Anatomy. 2023;17:62–69.
MLA Kösetürk, Taner et al. “Evaluation of the Morphometric Features of Achilles Tendon With Tendinopathy: an MRI Study”. Anatomy, vol. 17, no. 2, 2023, pp. 62-69.
Vancouver Kösetürk T, Senbil DC, Sunar M, Aydın S, Kantarcı M. Evaluation of the morphometric features of Achilles tendon with tendinopathy: an MRI study. Anatomy. 2023;17(2):62-9.

Anatomy is the official journal of Turkish Society of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy (TSACA).