Jeremy Bentham’ın Gerçek ve Kurgusal Varlıklar Teorisi ve Hukuki Terimlerin Açıklanması

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 247 - 272, 05.02.2024

Fatih Güneş

https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1391418

Abstract

Jeremy Bentham 18. yüzyılda yaşamış önemli bir filozof ve hukukçudur. Faydacılığın önemli temsilcilerinden ve modern düşüncede etkin olmasını sağlayan başlıca isimlerden biri olarak gösterilebilecek Bentham, çok geniş bir yelpazede eserlerini sunmuştur. İlgilendiği alanlardan birisi de düşünce ve düşüncenin hem iletim hem de üretim aracı olan dil üzerinedir. Bentham özellikle hukuk terimlerini tanımlamak istediğinde Aristoteles’ten beri kullanılan klasik tanımlama yönteminin yetersiz olacağını keşfetmiş ve hukuki terimleri de içeren etik kurgusal varlıklara dair adlandırmaların farklı bir yöntemle -kendisinin adlandırmasıyla paraphrasis yöntemiyle- açıklanabileceğini ileri sürmüştür. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Bentham’ın ontolojisi ve epistemolojisi bağlamında geliştirdiği dil ve anlam teorisi hakkında bilgiler verilmiş ve sonrasında bu teori üzerinden temellendirdiği paraphrasis yöntemi, filozofun çeşitli hukuk terimlerine yönelik açıklamaları da sunularak izah edilmiştir. Son olarak Bentham’ın bu girişiminin sunduğu avantajlar ve dezavantajlar ele alınarak hukukçular için ne derece faydalı olabileceği hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Jeremy Bentham, Gerçek ve Kurgusal Varlıklar Teorisi, Dil ve Düşünce, Paraphrasis, Hukuki Terimler

Jeremy Bentham’s Theory of Real and Fictitious Entities and Explanation of Legal Terms

Abstract

Jeremy Bentham was a significant 18th-century philosopher and jurist. He is recognized as one of the principal representatives of utilitarianism and played a crucial role in its proliferation in modern thought. He is recognized as one of the principal representatives of utilitarianism and played a crucial role in its proliferation in modern thought. Bentham’s extensive works spanned a broad range of fields, including thought and language, which he identified as a medium for transmitting and producing ideas. Bentham found that the traditional method of definition, employed since Aristotle, was insufficient, particularly when attempting to define legal terminology. He proposed an alternative approach – the method of paraphrasis – to explain the names of fictional entities with ethical fictional entities, including legal terms. Firstly, this study presents Bentham’s theory of language and meaning which he developed within his ontology and epistemology. Subsequently, the method of paraphrasing, based on this theory, is explained by presenting the philosopher’s explanations of several legal terms. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of Bentham's initiative are assessed. The usefulness of Bentham's initiative for lawyers is evaluated.

Keywords

Jeremy Bentham, Theory of Real and Fictitious Entities, Language and Thought, Paraphrasis, Legal Terms

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