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Uluslararası Yatırım Anlaşmazlıkları Çözüm Merkezi’nin (ICSID) Ceza Muhakemesinin Durdurulmasıyla İlgili İhtiyati Tedbir Kararı Vermesi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 357 - 371, 01.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1390964

Abstract

Uluslararası uyuşmazlıklarda yaşanan artış geleneksel çözüm yollarına kıyasla uygulamada sağlanan kolaylıklar sebebiyle yeni uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarının önemini artırmıştır. Türkiye’nin 1987’de imzaladığı “Devletler ve Diğer Devletlerin Uyrukları arasındaki Yatırım Anlaşmazlıklarının Çözümü için Sözleşme” (Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States) ve bu sözleşme esasları çerçevesinde kurulan Uluslararası Yatırım Anlaşmazlıkları Çözüm Merkezi (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes-ICSID) uluslararası yatırımlarda karşılaşılan uyuşmazlıkların bağımsız ve güvenilir bir yargı alanında, kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde çözülmesini amaçlamaktadır. Sözleşmenin 47’nci maddesinde belirtildiği üzere ICSID hakem heyeti tarafların karşılıklı haklarını korumak için uyuşmazlıkla ilgili ihtiyati tedbirlere başvurabilir. Bu tedbirlerin özü, mevcut durumu muhafaza etmek ve uyuşmazlığın ağırlaştırılmasını engellemek suretiyle yargılamanın bütünlüğünü ve ICSID tahkiminin münhasırlığını korumaktır. Buna karşın cezai işlemlere ilişkin ihtiyati tedbir kararı verilebileceğiyle ilgili Sözleşmede net bir ifade bulunmamaktadır. Cezai işlemler, Devletin egemenliğinin en tartışılmaz kısmını oluşturur. Hakem heyeti, cezai işlemlere müdahale için yüksek bir eşiğin gerektiğini kabul etmektedir. Bununla beraber, devletin egemenlik yetkisiyle çatışan, cezai işlemlere ilişkin bu tür müdahalelerin ayrıca değerlendirilmesi ve asgari düzeyde tutulması gerekir.
Bu kapsamda çalışmada, ICSID tarafından alınabilecek ihtiyati tedbirler, bu tedbirlerin iç hukukta derdest olan ceza yargılamalarına etkisi ve cezai işlemlerle ilgili tedbir taleplerinin yerine getirilmemesi halinde ICSID’in taraf devletlere yaptırım uygulayıp uygula(ya)mayacağı izah edilecektir. Ayrıca ihtiyati tedbir taleplerinin taraf devletin egemenlik yetkisine müdahale niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığı değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca belirtelim ki tahkim multidisipliner bir konu olduğu için çalışmanın Uluslararası hukuk, Anayasa ve diğer hukuk disiplinleri ile de irtibatı vardır. Ancak konu sadece ICSID ve ceza muhakemesi kapsamında ele alınacaktır.

References

  • DASKALOPOULOU, Katerina: “International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)”, Jus Mundi, 2012 (https://jusmundi.com/en/document/publication/en-icsid, AD: 26.10.2022).
  • EXELBERT, Jeremy Marc: “Consistently Inconsistent: What Is a Qualifying Investment under Article 25 of the ICSID Convention and Why the Debate Must End”, Fordham Law Review, 2016, Volume 85, Issue 3, pp. 1243-1280.
  • FRIEDLAND, Paul D.: “Provisional measures and ICSID arbitration”, Arbitration International, 1986, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 335-357.
  • GALAGAN, Dmytro: Provisional Measures in International Arbitration as a Response to Parallel Criminal Proceedings, Master Thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, 2019.
  • GAZZINI, Tarcisio / KOLB, Robert: “Provisional Measures in ICSID Arbitration from “Wonderland’s Jurisprudence” to Informal Modification of Treaties”, The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 2017, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp. 159-184.
  • KARAN, Hakan: “Milletlerarası Ticarî Tahkimin Hukukî Mahiyeti ve Bu Alandaki Kanunlaştırmalara Etkisi”, Prof. Dr. Mahmut Tevfik Birsel’e Armağan, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir, 2001, pp. 201-230.
  • KARAYEL, İsmail Emrah: ICSID Tahkimi ve ICSID Tahkiminin Kötüye Kullanılması Bakımından Türkiye Örneği, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2021.
  • KUĞUOĞLU, Dilşad / DEMİRKOL, Elit Meviza: “ICSID Tahkiminde Onay”, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 2018, Volume 9, No 34, pp. 515-536.
  • MAVROGORDATO, Zannis / SIDERE, Gabriel: “Nature of Enforceability of ICSID Provisional Measures”, Romanian Arbitration Journal / Revista Romana de Arbitraj, 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 27-71.
  • NAIM, Anees: “Criminal Proceedings and Provisional Measures in ICSID Arbitrations: The Legitimate Exercise of a State’s Police Powers Versus the Ability to Advance Claims in Arbitration”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, 2016 (http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2016/04/30/criminal-proceedings-and-provisional-measures-in-icsid-arbitrations-the-legitimate-exercise-of-a-states-police-powers-versus-the-ability-to-advance-claims-in-arbitration/, AD: 26.09.2022).
  • PALCHETTI, Paolo: “Responsibility for Breach of Provisional Measures of the ICJ: Between Protection of the Rights of the Parties and Respect for the Judicial Function”, Revista de Direito Internacional, 2017, Volume 1, pp. 5-22.
  • SINCLAIR, Anthony C. / REPOUSIS, Odysseas G.: “An Overview of Provisional Measures in ICSID Proceedings”, ICSID Review, 2017, Volume 32, Issue 2, pp. 431-446.
  • TORUN, Yalçın: Uluslararası Yatırım Uyuşmazlıklarının Çözüm Merkezi (ICSID) Hakem Kararlarına Karşı Hukuki Başvuru Yolları, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2011.
  • WANG, Chao / ZHUOXIN, Lin: “An overview of Macao’s new arbitration law: provisional measures and recognition of arbitral awards”, China-EU Law Journal, 2023, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 107-121.
  • YEŞİLIRMAK, Ali: Provisional Measures in International Commercial Arbitration, Dissertation Thesis, Queen Mary College University of London, London, 2003.
  • YEŞİLOVA, Bilgehan: “Milletlerarası Tahkimin Hukuki Niteliği Üzerine Düşünceler ve Güncel Gelişmeler”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 2008, No 76, pp. 83-164.
  • ZARRA, Giovanni: “The Interference of ICSID Provisional Measures With National Criminal Proceedings”, The Italian Yearbook of International Law Online, 2016, Volume 26, Issue 1, pp. 83-108.

Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 357 - 371, 01.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1390964

Abstract

The Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (hereafter referred to as the Convention), as well as the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) was established within the framework of the Convention, aims to resolve disputes encountered in international investments in a prompt and facilitated manner under an independent credible judicial mechanism. ICSID tribunals can order provisional measures in a dispute presented before them to protect the parties’ mutual rights as mentioned in Article 47 of the Convention. The raison d’être for these measures is to ensure the integrity of the proceedings and exclusivity of the ICSID arbitration by preserving the status quo and preventing aggravation of the dispute. However, no explicit statement occurs in the Convention which suggests that the possibility of rendering a decision regarding provisional measures against a national criminal proceeding. Criminal proceedings are perhaps the most indisputable component of state sovereignty. Hence, the tribunals acknowledge a high threshold shall be required to justify an intervention in national criminal proceedings. Therefore, any intervention related to criminal proceedings that conflict with the sovereignty of a state authority should be evaluated case by case and kept at a minimum.
In this context, the current paper will address the provisional measures that are orderable by ICSID tribunals, the impact these measures have on pending criminal proceedings in domestic law. ICSID’s authority to impose sanctions on state parties if they do not comply with the measures in relation to the criminal proceedings. In addition, the article will evaluate requests for provisional measures to comprehend whether or not they intervene in the sovereign authority of a state party. We should also point out that, arbitration is a multidisciplinary subject, it has connections with International law, Constitution and other legal disciplines. However, the issue will only be handled within the scope of ICSID and criminal procedure.

References

  • DASKALOPOULOU, Katerina: “International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)”, Jus Mundi, 2012 (https://jusmundi.com/en/document/publication/en-icsid, AD: 26.10.2022).
  • EXELBERT, Jeremy Marc: “Consistently Inconsistent: What Is a Qualifying Investment under Article 25 of the ICSID Convention and Why the Debate Must End”, Fordham Law Review, 2016, Volume 85, Issue 3, pp. 1243-1280.
  • FRIEDLAND, Paul D.: “Provisional measures and ICSID arbitration”, Arbitration International, 1986, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 335-357.
  • GALAGAN, Dmytro: Provisional Measures in International Arbitration as a Response to Parallel Criminal Proceedings, Master Thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, 2019.
  • GAZZINI, Tarcisio / KOLB, Robert: “Provisional Measures in ICSID Arbitration from “Wonderland’s Jurisprudence” to Informal Modification of Treaties”, The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 2017, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp. 159-184.
  • KARAN, Hakan: “Milletlerarası Ticarî Tahkimin Hukukî Mahiyeti ve Bu Alandaki Kanunlaştırmalara Etkisi”, Prof. Dr. Mahmut Tevfik Birsel’e Armağan, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir, 2001, pp. 201-230.
  • KARAYEL, İsmail Emrah: ICSID Tahkimi ve ICSID Tahkiminin Kötüye Kullanılması Bakımından Türkiye Örneği, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2021.
  • KUĞUOĞLU, Dilşad / DEMİRKOL, Elit Meviza: “ICSID Tahkiminde Onay”, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 2018, Volume 9, No 34, pp. 515-536.
  • MAVROGORDATO, Zannis / SIDERE, Gabriel: “Nature of Enforceability of ICSID Provisional Measures”, Romanian Arbitration Journal / Revista Romana de Arbitraj, 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 27-71.
  • NAIM, Anees: “Criminal Proceedings and Provisional Measures in ICSID Arbitrations: The Legitimate Exercise of a State’s Police Powers Versus the Ability to Advance Claims in Arbitration”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, 2016 (http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2016/04/30/criminal-proceedings-and-provisional-measures-in-icsid-arbitrations-the-legitimate-exercise-of-a-states-police-powers-versus-the-ability-to-advance-claims-in-arbitration/, AD: 26.09.2022).
  • PALCHETTI, Paolo: “Responsibility for Breach of Provisional Measures of the ICJ: Between Protection of the Rights of the Parties and Respect for the Judicial Function”, Revista de Direito Internacional, 2017, Volume 1, pp. 5-22.
  • SINCLAIR, Anthony C. / REPOUSIS, Odysseas G.: “An Overview of Provisional Measures in ICSID Proceedings”, ICSID Review, 2017, Volume 32, Issue 2, pp. 431-446.
  • TORUN, Yalçın: Uluslararası Yatırım Uyuşmazlıklarının Çözüm Merkezi (ICSID) Hakem Kararlarına Karşı Hukuki Başvuru Yolları, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2011.
  • WANG, Chao / ZHUOXIN, Lin: “An overview of Macao’s new arbitration law: provisional measures and recognition of arbitral awards”, China-EU Law Journal, 2023, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 107-121.
  • YEŞİLIRMAK, Ali: Provisional Measures in International Commercial Arbitration, Dissertation Thesis, Queen Mary College University of London, London, 2003.
  • YEŞİLOVA, Bilgehan: “Milletlerarası Tahkimin Hukuki Niteliği Üzerine Düşünceler ve Güncel Gelişmeler”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 2008, No 76, pp. 83-164.
  • ZARRA, Giovanni: “The Interference of ICSID Provisional Measures With National Criminal Proceedings”, The Italian Yearbook of International Law Online, 2016, Volume 26, Issue 1, pp. 83-108.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Criminal Law
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Balcı 0000-0002-8506-7911

Hüseyin Aydın 0000-0002-5427-9348

Kerim Çakır 0000-0003-1821-9935

Publication Date August 1, 2024
Submission Date November 14, 2023
Acceptance Date March 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Balcı, M., Aydın, H., & Çakır, K. (2024). Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 357-371. https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1390964
AMA Balcı M, Aydın H, Çakır K. Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). AndHD. August 2024;10(2):357-371. doi:10.54699/andhd.1390964
Chicago Balcı, Murat, Hüseyin Aydın, and Kerim Çakır. “Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10, no. 2 (August 2024): 357-71. https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1390964.
EndNote Balcı M, Aydın H, Çakır K (August 1, 2024) Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10 2 357–371.
IEEE M. Balcı, H. Aydın, and K. Çakır, “Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)”, AndHD, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 357–371, 2024, doi: 10.54699/andhd.1390964.
ISNAD Balcı, Murat et al. “Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10/2 (August 2024), 357-371. https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1390964.
JAMA Balcı M, Aydın H, Çakır K. Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). AndHD. 2024;10:357–371.
MLA Balcı, Murat et al. “Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, 2024, pp. 357-71, doi:10.54699/andhd.1390964.
Vancouver Balcı M, Aydın H, Çakır K. Deciding The Provisional Measures Regarding the Suspension of Criminal Procedure by International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). AndHD. 2024;10(2):357-71.

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