Medeni Usûl Hukukunda Kanun Yollarının Mukayeseli Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 849 - 860, 01.08.2024

Cemal Mert Tüzemen

Abstract

Yargılama sürecini denetleyen kontrol mekanizmaları, çeşitli amaçlar doğrultusunda hassas bir denge kurabilmelidir. Zira yargı süreci, özünde, yargı bağımsızlığı ile adil ve hızlı yargılanma hakkını gözetmelidir. Yargılama sürecinde hataları en aza indirme önceliği, bütün hukuk sistemlerinin ortak gayesi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çeşitli hukuk sistemlerinde karşımıza çıkan bir diğer ortak gaye ise hukuki uyuşmazlıklara etkili şekilde ve makul sürede çözüm bulmaktır. Dolayısıyla modern hukuk sistemleri, hataları en aza indirmek için yargı kararlarını defalarca kontrol mekanizmalarına tabi tutmak ile adil yargılanma hakkını tesis etmek arasında bir denge kurmak için çaba göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli ulusal hukuk sistemlerindeki kanun yolu sistemleri hakkında yazılmış makalelerin derlendiği “Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters” kitabı incelenip, incelenen sistemlerin mukayesesi yoluyla bu hassas dengeyi kurarken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ortaya konulacaktır. Bu bağlamda belirtmek gerekir ki mahkeme kararlarına karşı başvuru yolları ne kadar fazlaysa, bu kararların kalitesi o kadar artacak ve hata oranları azalacaktır. Fakat, hata oranlarını düşürme ve kaliteyi artırma süreci, aynı zamanda hukuki belirliliği ve adil yargılanma hakkını örselemek sonucunu doğurabilir.

Keywords

Kanun Yolu, İstinaf, Temyiz, İçtihat Birliği, Adil Yargılanma Hakkı

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın tamamlanmasında emeği geçen ve araştırma sürecine değerli katkıları bulunan Doç. Dr. Tolga Akkaya'ya teşekkürü borç bilirim.

Comparative Analysis on Appeals and Other Means of Recourse Against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters

Abstract

Public trust in the justice system hinges on society’s belief that the decisions made in the judicial process are accurate and sound. In this context, it is important to note that subjective opinions will always exist regarding absolute truth, which is why appeal mechanisms play a crucial role in strengthening trust in the justice system. However, these appeal mechanisms that review the judicial process must establish a delicate balance between various objectives. Minimizing errors in the judicial process emerges as a common objective across all legal systems. Another common objective found in various civil law systems is to effectively resolve legal disputes in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, modern legal systems strive to establish a delicate balance between minimizing errors by subjecting judicial decisions to multiple appeal mechanisms and ensuring the right to a fair trial. It is worth noting that, more recourse mechanisms against court decisions will result in high quality decisions, and the error rate will consequently decrease. However, it is also important to emphasize that the process of reducing error rates and increasing quality can simultaneously undermine legal certainty and the right to a fair trial. The solution to this problem lies in establishing a delicate balance between these desired objectives.

Keywords

Appellate Review, Appeal, Cassation, Stare Decisis, Right to a Fair Trial

References

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