Bazı Makarnalık Buğday Genotiplerinde Dane Dolum Dönemindeki Kuraklık Stresinde Bayrak Yaprak Yaşlanması ile Tane Verimi İlişkisi

Abstract

Keywords

• Bayrak yaprak alanı
• Alt yaprak alanı
• Yaprak alan sürekliliği
• Kuraklık stresi
• Dane verimi
• Buğday

The Relationship Between Flag Leaf Senescence and Grain Yield of

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating genotypic differences in the leaf area duration of durum wheat genotypes during grain filling periods and their relation to grain yield under two different irrigation conditions. The experiments were designed randomized complete block design for four replication in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Irrigation levels in main plots, cultivars were included in the sub plots. The study gathered data of six genotypes with similar anthesis times in Antakya/Hatay-Turkey. During the growth period, the two groups of plants received general management techniques and 60 kg ha-1 phosphorus and 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) fertilizer. Two different irrigation regimes were applied; the control group received full irrigation until reaching physiological maturity, while the experiment group was not irrigated after anthesis but instead received rainfall characteristic of WANA (West Asia North Africa). Results showed that flag leaf area (FLA) and lower leaf area (LLA) were not significantly related to spike grain yield (SGY) under control conditions. Flag leaf area duration (FLAD) was not related to grain yield, while the increase in lower leaf area duration (LLAD) reduced grain yield. Meanwhile, a positive relation was observed between FLA and SGY under experimental conditions, since SGY significantly increased according to the increase of FLAD. Moreover, high FLAD positively contributed to grain filling under both the conditions, while high LLAD partly contributed only under control conditions. These results suggest that the genotypes with low leaf number or short plant height and low tillering capacity should receive significant irrigation, while genotypes with middling plant height should be planted during conditions of drought stress. Under both the sets of conditions genotypes must have high FLAD.

Keywords

• Flag leaf area; Lower leaf area; Leaf area duration; Drought stress; Grain yield; Wheat
• wheat
• grain yield

References

1. Bauer A, Frank A B & Black A L (1985). Estimation of spring wheat grain dry matter assimilation from air temperature. Agronomy Journal 77: 743-752
2. Blake N K, Lanning S P, Martin J M, Sherman J D & Talbert L E (2007). Relationship of flag leaf characteristics to economically important traits in two spring wheat crosses. Crop Science 47: 491-496
3. Blum A (1998). Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilization. Euphytica 100: 77-83
4. Borras L, Maddonnı G A & Otegui M E (2003). Leaf senescence in maize hybrids: Plant population, row spacing and kernel set effects. Field Crops Research 54: 1-14
5. Borrell A K, Hammer G L & Douglas C L (2000). Does maintaining green leaf area in sorghum improve yield under drought? I. Leaf growth and senescence. Crop Science 40: 1026-1037
6. Calderini D F, Savin R, Abeledo L G, Reynolds M P & Slafer G A (2001). The importance of the period immediately anthesis for grain weight determination in wheat. Euphytica 199: 199-204
7. Devendra R, Urs Y S V, Kumar M U & Sastry K S K (1983). Leaf area duration and its relantionship to productivity in early cultivars of rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 49: 692-696
8. Dokuyucu T, Akkaya A, İspir B & Cesurer L (1996). Flag leaf area and duration, phonological stages and their relation to grain yield and some durum wheat (T. Durum Desf.) varieties in Kahramanmaraş conditions. 5th International Wheat Conference, June 10-14, Ankara,Turkey, pp. 1-18

9. Entz M H & Flowler D B (1990). Differantial agronomic response of winter wheat cultivars to parenthesis environmental stresses. Crop Science 30: 119-1123
10. Finnan J M, Jones M B & Burke J I (1998). A time- concentration study on the effects of ozone on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 3. Effects on leaf and flag leaf senescence. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment 69: 27-35
11. Fischer R A & Khan G D (1966). The relationship of grain yied to vegetative growth and postflowering leaf area in the wheat crop under conditions of limited soil moisture. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 17(3): 281-295
12. Gelang J, Pleıjel H, Sild E, Danıelsson H, Younis S & Sellden G (2000). Rate and duration of grain filling in relation to flag leaf senescence and grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to different concentrations of ozone. Physiologia Plantarum 110: 366-375
13. Guóth A, Tari I, Gallé Á, Csiszár J, Pécsváradi A, Cseuz L & Erdei L (2009). Comparison of the drought stress responses of tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars during grain filling: changes in flag leaf photosynthetic activity, ABA levels, and grain yield. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 28(2): 167-176
14. Hopkins J M (1966). Studies on the expansion of the leaf surface: VI. Senescence and the usefulness of old leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 17(4): 762- 770
15. Koç M & Barutçular C (2000). Relationship between leaf area ındex at anthesis and yield in wheat under .ukurova conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 24: 585-593
16. Koç M, Yazar A, Barutcular C, Tiryakioğlu M, Sezen & M Kılınç M (2002). Kaliteli makarnalık buğday üretiminin geliştirilmesinde GAP bölgesi potansiyelini araştırılması. TÜBİTAK Projesi Sonuç Raporu. Proje No: TOGTAV/TARP-1934 olanaklarının
17. Miralles D J & Slafer G A (1995). Individual grain weight responses to genetic reduction in clum length in wheat as affected by source-sink manipulations. Field Crops Research 43: 55-66
18. Mohiuddin S H & Croy L I (1980). Flag leaf and peduncle area duration in relation to winter wheat grain yield. Agronomy Journal 72: 299-301
19. Öztürk A (1999). The effect of drought on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 531-540
20. Royo C, Aparicio N, Blanco R & Villegas D (2004). Leaf green area development of durum wheat genotypes grown under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 20: 419-430
21. Sahah N H & Paulsen G M (2003). Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosnythesis and grain- filling of wheat. Plant and Soil 257: 219-26
22. Valentinuz O R & Tollenaar M (2004). Vertical profile of leaf senescence during the grain-filing period in older and newer maize hybrids. Crop Science 44: 827-34
23. Yang J C, Zhang H J, Wang Q, Zhu Q S & Wang W (2001). Remobilization of carbon reserves in response to water deficit during grain filling of rice. Field Crops Resarch 71: 47-55
24. Yang J C, Zhang H J, Wang Q, Zhu Q S & Lıu L J (2003). Involvement of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinins in the senescence and remobilization of carbon reserves in wheat subjected to water stress during grain filling plant. Cell and Environment 26: 1621–1631
25. Zadoks J C, Chang T T & Konzak C F (1974). A decimal code for the growth stage of cereals. Weed Research 14: 415–421