Bir Diallel Melez Mısır Populasyonunda Verim ve Verim Unsurlarına iliş kin Heterosis ve Uyum Yetenekleri Analizi

Abstract

Yedi ebeveyn hat ile bunlar ı n 21 F, melezini içeren bir diallel m ı s ı r populasyonunda verim ve verim komponentleri için, genel ve özel uyum yetenekleri ve melez populasyonlardaki heterosis incelenmi ştir. Çal ışmada ele al ı nan bütün özelliklerde ortalama heterosis önemli ve tepe püskülü ç ı kış süresi hariç pozitif yönde olup, melezlerin verimi ebeveynler ortalamas ı ndan %88,56 oran ı nda daha fazla olmuştur. Koçanda tane say ı s ı ve s ı rada tane say ı s ı nda da yüksek heterosis gözlenmi ştir. Ebeveynlerin genel uyum yetenekleri etkilerine göre, YUZ P709 ve FR 64A hatlar ı tane verimi ve verim komponentleri yönünden en uygun ebeveynler olarak belirlenmi ştir. Uyum yetenekleri analizi, genel uyum yeteneğ i varyans ı n ı n tane verimi d ışı ndaki bütün özelliklerde; özel uyum yetene ğ i varyans ı n ı n ise koçanda s ı ra say ı s ı hariç bütün özelliklerde önemli oldu ğ unu göstermiştir. Koçanda s ı ra say ı s ı n ı n kal ı t ı m ı nda eklemeli gen etkileri, tane veriminin kal ı t ı m ı nda eklemeli olmayan gen etkileri daha önemli rol oynamaktad ı r. incelenen diğ er özelliklerde ise hem eklemeli ve hem de eklemeli olmayan gen etkileri önemli bulunmu ştur.

Keywords

• M ı s ı r
• Zea mays L.
• melez gücü
• diallel analizi
• gen etkileri
• uyum yetenekleri

Heterosis and Combining Ability Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Components in a Diallel Maize Population

Abstract

The data for yield and yield components in a population consisting of seven inbred lines of maize along with their 21 F, hybrids were analyzed in order to study the general and specific combining ability and heterosis. Average heterosis was significant for all characters studied and positive, except days to tasseling, with the average yield of hybrids was 88.56 % above that of the parents. Heterosis was also high for ear kernel number and row kernel number. The parental lines YUZ P709 and FR 64A were identified as being the best combiners in the experiment for grain yield and yield components. Combining ability analysis showed that GCA effects were significant for all attributes, except grain yield, and SCA effects were significant for all raits evaluated, except ear row number. With respect to inheritance of grain yield, non-additive gene action was more pronounced as compared to additive gene action, whereas additive gene action was predominant for ear row number. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant in the inheritance of the other traits.

Keywords

• Maize
• Zea mays L.
• heterosis
• diailel analysis
• gene effects
• combining ability

References

1. Alt ı nbaş , M., İ . Turgut ve S. Yüce, 1994. Dokuz kendilenmi ş mı s ı r hatt ı n ı n diallel melezlerinde baz ı tarı msal özelliklerin kal ı t ı mlar ı : I. Erkencilik öğeleri, bitki boyu ve koçan yüksekliği. Anadolu 4 (1): 42-60.
2. Alt ı nbaş , M. 1991. A study on genetic components of heterosis in hybrid maize. Anadolu 1 (2): 15-35.
3. Alt ı nbaş , M. 1995. Heterosis and combining ability in maize for grain yield and some plant characters. Anadolu 5 (2): 35- 51.
4. Baker, R. J. 1978. lssues in diallel analysis. Crop Sci. 18: 533- 536.
5. Fehr, W. R. 1987. Principles of Cultivar Development. Theory and Technique, McGraw Hill Inc., New York, 536.
6. Gilbert, N. E. G. 1958. Diallel cross in plant breeding. Heredity 12: 477-492.
7. Griffing, B. 1956. A generalized treatment of the use of diallel crosses in quantitative inheritance, Heredity 10: 31-50.
8. Hallauer, A. R.and J. B. Miranda, 1988. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding, lowa State Univ. Press, 468, Ames, USA.

9. Hayvard, M. D. 1979. The application of the diallel cross to outbreeding species. Euphytica 28: 729-737.
10. Hebert, Y. and A. Gallais, 1986. Heterosis and genetic variation for quantitative characters in a 12 x 12 diallel mating design in maize, Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the Eucarpia Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding, July 28 th- August University of Birmingham, U. K., 140-152.
11. Khan, I. A., M. A. Khan and M. Ahmad, 1980. Study of gene action and combining ability in various characters of cotton. The Pak. Cottons 24: 217-224.
12. Konak, C., A. Onay, E. Serter and H. Ba şal, 1999. Estimation of combining ability effects, heterosis and heterobeltiosis by line x tester method in maize. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 4: 1-9.
13. Mathur, R. K. and S. K. Bhatnagar, 1995. Partisi diallel cross analysis for grain yield and its component characters in maize. Annals of Agricultural Research, 16 (3): 324-329.
14. Pal, A. K. and H. S. Prodhan, 1994. Combining ability analysis of grain yield and oil content along with some other attributes in maize. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54 (4): 376-380
15. Sedhom, S. A., 1994. Genetic study on some top crosses in maize under two environments. Annals of Agricultural Science, 32 (1): 131-141.
16. Sfakinakis, J., N. Fotiadis, G. Evgenidis and V. Katranis, 1996. Genetic analysis of maize variety diallel crosses and related populations. Maydica, 42 (2): 113-117.
17. Shahani, N. M. and M. A. Chang, 1985. Combining ability analysis for yield and yield components in Gossypium hirsutum crosses. The Pak. Cottons, 29: 47-62.
18. Sing, R. B. and B. D. Chaudhary, 1977. Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
19. Sokol, M. .J.. and R. J. Baker, 1977. Evaluation of the assumption required for the genetic interpretation of diallel experiments in self-pollinating crops. Can. J. Plant Sci, 57: 1185-1191.
20. Soomro, B. A., A. H. Baloch and A. R. Soomro, 1989. Combining ability estimates of some tester lines used onto cytoplasmic male sterile cotton Pak. J. Bot, 21(1): 3-12.
21. Spaner, D., R. A. I. Brathwaite and D. E. Mather, 1996. Diallel study of open-pollinated maize varieties in Trinidad. Euphytica, 90 (1): 65-72.
22. Turgut, İ ., S. Yüce ve M. Alt ı nbaş, 1995. Dokuz kendilenmi ş mı s ı r hatt ı n ı n diallel melezlerinde baz ı tar ı msal özelliklerin kal ı t ı mlar ı . Il: Dane verimi ve verim ö ğ eleri. Anadolu, 5 (1): 74-92.
23. Onay, A., C. Konak, E. Serter, H. Ba şal ve A. Zeybek, 1999. M ı s ı rda (Zea mays L.) baz ı özelliklerin kal ı t ı m ı n ı n çoklu dizi analizi ile belirlenmesi. Türkiye 3. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 15-20 Kas ı m 1999, Adana, Bildiriler Kitab ı , Cilt 1, Genel ve Tah ı llar, 444-449.
24. Vasal, S. K., G. Srinivasan, S. Pandey, C. F. Gonzales, J. Crossa and D. L. Beck, 1993. Heterosis and combining ability of CIMMYT's quality protein maize germplasm: I. Lowland tropical. Crop Science, 33 (1): 46-51.