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Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 58 - 66, 01.04.2016

Abstract

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar KVH başlığı altında koroner kalp hastalığı, serebrovasküler hastalıklar, hipertansiyon, periferal arter hastalığı, romatizmal kalp hastalıkları, konjenital kalp hastalıkları, kalp yetmezliği ve kardiyomiyopatiler yer almaktadır. KVH, bütün ülkelerde en önemli ölüm sebeplerindendir. KVH'nın rasyonel tedavisinde kullanılan farmasötik müstahzarlar ile birlikte ucuz ve kolay erişilebilir bitkisel ürünlere ilgi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Dünyada KVH'lı popülasyonda en sık tüketilen bitkiler arasında sarımsak ikinci sıradadır. Gıda takviyesi olarak kullanılan birçok farklı sarımsak preparatı sarımsak tozu, bekletilmiş sarımsak ekstresi ve sarımsak yağı piyasada mevcuttur. "Sağlıklı bireylerde, gıda takviyesi olarak tüketilen sarımsağın, KVH'nın gelişimini önlüyor mu yoksa geciktiriyor mu?" sorusu oldukça önem arz etmektedir. KVH’lı bireyler ile sağlıklı bireylerde sarımsağın etkilerinin değişkenlik gösterdiği ve tartışmalı bulgular elde edildiği epidemiyolojik olarak gösterilmiştir. Sarımsağın KVH'da profilaksi ve tedavi amacıyla klinik kullanımını mümkün kılmak için, iyi tasarlanmış randomize çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmiştir. Sarımsağın kardiyovasküler bir endikasyon dahilinde klinikte kullanılmaya başlanması ile birlikte mortalite ve morbidite oranında önemli değişiklikler olabileceği öngörülmektedir. Fakat bunun için geniş kapsamlı ve uzun süreli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirtilmiştir

References

  • 1. Kahn R, Robertson RM, Smith R et al. The impact of prevention and burden of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008; 118: 576-85.
  • 2. Lee CH, Kim J-H. A review on the medicinal potentials of ginseng and ginsenosides oncardiovascular diseases J Ginseng Res 2014; 38: 161-6.
  • 3. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to ımproving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA project populations. Lancet 2000; 355: 688-700.
  • 4. Kim J-H. Cardiovascular diseases and Panax ginseng: a review on molecular mechanisms and medical applications. J Ginseng Res 2012; 36: 16- 26.
  • 5. Foote J, Cohen B. Medicinal herb use and the renal patient. J Ren Nutr 1998; 8: 40–2.
  • 6. Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M et al. Comparison of the main bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in garlic and white and red onions after treatment protocols. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 4418-26.
  • 7. Brace LD. Cardiovascular benefits of garlic (Allium sativum L). J Cardiovas Nurs 2002; 16: 33-49.
  • 8. Sezgin A. Şuhut (Afyon) ilçesinde kullanılan halk ilaçları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2005, Ankara.
  • 9. Belov D. Top 10 natural products used among adults in 2007. Planet Chiropractic News, http://www.planetc1.com/cgi-bin/n/v.cgi?id=1229017834. Son Erişim tarihi: 18 Kasım 2015.
  • 10. Lawson LD, Gardner CD. Composition, stability, and bioavailability of garlic products used in a clinical trial. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53: 6254- 61.
  • 11. Wang HP, Yang J, Qin LQ et al. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertension 2014; 17: 223-31.
  • 12. Orekhov AN, Grunwald J. Effects of garlic on atherosclerosis. Nutrition 1997; 13: 656-63.
  • 13.Cruz C, Correa-Rotter R, Sanchez-Gonzalez DJ et al. Renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of S-allylcysteine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293: 1691-8.
  • 14. Ali M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Enezi F, et al. Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet. Prostaglandins Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62: 253-9.
  • 15. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in 2K1C hypertensive rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 86: 219- 24.
  • 16. Ozturk Y, Aydin S, Kosar M et al. Endotheliumdependent and independent effects of garlic on rat aorta. J Ethnopharmacol 1994; 44: 109-16.
  • 17. Siegel G, Emden J, Wenzel K et al. Potassium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol 1992; 311: 53-72.
  • 18.Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP et al. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovas Disord 2008; 8: 13.
  • 19. Simons S, Wollersheim H, Thien T. A systematic review on the influence of trial quality on the effect of garlic on blood pressure. The Netherlands J Med 2009; 67: 212-9.
  • 20. He FJ, Li J, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2013; 346: 1-15.
  • 21. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E, Medina-Campos ON et al. Garlic prevents hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Life Sci 1998; 62: 71-7.
  • 22. Das I, Khan NS, Sooranna SR. Potent activation of nitric oxide synthase by garlic: a basis for its therapeutic applications. Curr Med Rese Opin 1995; 13: 257-63.
  • 23. Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty K et al. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutr Res 2014; 34: 106-15
  • 24. Al-Qattan KK, Khan I, Alnaqeeb MA et al. Thromboxane-B2, prostaglandin-E2 and hypertension in the rat 2-kidney 1-clip model: a possible mechanism of the garlic induced hypotension. Prostaglandins, Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 2001; 64: 5-10.
  • 25. Medina-Campos ON, Barrera D, SegovianoMurillo S et al. S-allylcysteine scavenges singlet oxygen and hypochlorous acid and protects LLCPK(1) cells of potassium dichromate-induced toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45: 2030-9.
  • 26. Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on the effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) in metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38: 1147-57.
  • 27.Iweala EE, Akubugwo EI, Okeke CU. Effect of ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum linn. Liliaceae on serum cholesterol and blood sugar levels of alibino rabbits. Plant Product Res J 2005; 9:14-8.
  • 28. Emmanuel U, James O. Comparative effects of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts on some haematological and lipid indices of rats. Annu Rev Res Biol 2011; 1:37–44.
  • 29. Al-Numair KS. Hypocholesteremic and antioxidant effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Pak J Nutr 2009; 8: 161–6.
  • 30. Warshafsky S, Kamer RS, Sivak SL. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol, a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 599–605.
  • 31. Silagy CA, Neil HA. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens 1994; 12: 463–8.
  • 32. Ashraf R, Khan RA, Ashraf I. Garlic supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Pak J Pharm Sci 2011; 24: 565–70.
  • 33. Sobenin IA, Pryanishnikov VV, Kunnova LM et al. The effects of timereleased garlic powder tablets on multifunctional cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9: 119.
  • 34. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum). Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51: 1382-5.
  • 35. Lewin G, Popov I. Antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract. 2nd communication: Inhibition of the Cu(2+)-initiated oxidation of low density lipoproteins. Arzneimittelforschung 1994; 44: 604-7.
  • 36. Gebhardt R, Beck H. Differential inhibitory effects of garlic derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte culture. Lipids 1996; 31: 1269–76.
  • 37.Rahman K., Lowe GM. Garlic and cardiovascular disease: a critical review. J Nutr 2006; 136: 736- 40.
  • 38. Geng Z, Lau BHS. Aged garlic extract modulates glutathione redox cycle and superoxide dismutase activity in vascular endothelial cells. Phytother Res 1997; 11: 54–6.
  • 39.Banerjee SK, Maulik M, Mancahanda SC et al. Dose-dependent induction of endogenous antioxidants in rat heart by chronic administration of garlic. Life Scicences 2002; 70: 1509-18.
  • 40. Khatua TN, Adela R, Banerjee SK. Garlic and cardioprotection: insights into the molecular mechanisms. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91: 448-58.
  • 41. Zhang XH, Maxwell SR, Thorpe GH et al. The action of garlic upon plasma total antioxidant capacity. Biochemical Society Transactions 1997; 25: 523.
  • 42. Phelps S, Harris WS. Garlic supplementation and lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility. Lipids 1993; 28: 475-7.
  • 43. Steiner M, Lin R. Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract. J Cardiovas Pharmacol 1998; 31: 904-8.
  • 44.Rabinkov A, Miron T, Konstantinovski L et al. The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1379: 233–44.
  • 45. Liu C, Cao F, Tang QZ et al. Allicin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via attenuating reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21: 1238–50.
  • 46.Ruffin J, Hunter SA. An evaluation of the side effects of garlic as an antihypertensive agent. Cytobios 1983; 37: 85-9.
  • 47. Yadav RK, Verma NS. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the heart rate, rhythm and force of contraction in frog: a dose-dependent study. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42: 628-31
  • 48. Martin N, Bardisa L, Pantojaa C et al. Antiarrhythmic profile of a garlic dialystate assaay ed in dogs and isolaated atrial preparations. J Ethanophrmacol 1994; 43: 1-8
  • 49. Aqel MB, Gharaibah MN, Salhab AS. Direct relaxant effects of garlic juice on smooth and cardiac muscles. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33: 13- 9.

Garlic and Cardiovascular Diseases

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 58 - 66, 01.04.2016

Abstract

Coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, heart failure and cardiomyopathy are located under the title of cardiovascular disease CVD . CVD is the main reason of the death in all countries. The pharmaceutical preparations used in rational therapy of CVD as well as interest in cheap and easy accessible herbal products is increasing day by day. Garlic has been the second most frequently consumed plant in the world by the population with CVD. Many different garlic preparations garlic powder, aged garlic extract and garlic oil used as a dietary supplement available in the market. "Does garlic consumed as a dietary supplement delay or to prevent the development of CVD in healthy individuals? " question is very important. It is epidemologically showed that the effects of garlic are different between healthy individuals and patients with CVD and controversial findings which obtained from the studies are present. It is determined that well designed randomised trials need for enable clinic usage of garlic for prophylaxis and treatment of CVD. Garlic is foreseen to be important in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with a rate of change starting to use within a clinical indication. However, it is stated that for comprehensive and long-term studies are needed

References

  • 1. Kahn R, Robertson RM, Smith R et al. The impact of prevention and burden of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008; 118: 576-85.
  • 2. Lee CH, Kim J-H. A review on the medicinal potentials of ginseng and ginsenosides oncardiovascular diseases J Ginseng Res 2014; 38: 161-6.
  • 3. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to ımproving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA project populations. Lancet 2000; 355: 688-700.
  • 4. Kim J-H. Cardiovascular diseases and Panax ginseng: a review on molecular mechanisms and medical applications. J Ginseng Res 2012; 36: 16- 26.
  • 5. Foote J, Cohen B. Medicinal herb use and the renal patient. J Ren Nutr 1998; 8: 40–2.
  • 6. Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M et al. Comparison of the main bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in garlic and white and red onions after treatment protocols. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 4418-26.
  • 7. Brace LD. Cardiovascular benefits of garlic (Allium sativum L). J Cardiovas Nurs 2002; 16: 33-49.
  • 8. Sezgin A. Şuhut (Afyon) ilçesinde kullanılan halk ilaçları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2005, Ankara.
  • 9. Belov D. Top 10 natural products used among adults in 2007. Planet Chiropractic News, http://www.planetc1.com/cgi-bin/n/v.cgi?id=1229017834. Son Erişim tarihi: 18 Kasım 2015.
  • 10. Lawson LD, Gardner CD. Composition, stability, and bioavailability of garlic products used in a clinical trial. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53: 6254- 61.
  • 11. Wang HP, Yang J, Qin LQ et al. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertension 2014; 17: 223-31.
  • 12. Orekhov AN, Grunwald J. Effects of garlic on atherosclerosis. Nutrition 1997; 13: 656-63.
  • 13.Cruz C, Correa-Rotter R, Sanchez-Gonzalez DJ et al. Renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of S-allylcysteine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293: 1691-8.
  • 14. Ali M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Enezi F, et al. Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet. Prostaglandins Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62: 253-9.
  • 15. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in 2K1C hypertensive rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 86: 219- 24.
  • 16. Ozturk Y, Aydin S, Kosar M et al. Endotheliumdependent and independent effects of garlic on rat aorta. J Ethnopharmacol 1994; 44: 109-16.
  • 17. Siegel G, Emden J, Wenzel K et al. Potassium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol 1992; 311: 53-72.
  • 18.Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP et al. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovas Disord 2008; 8: 13.
  • 19. Simons S, Wollersheim H, Thien T. A systematic review on the influence of trial quality on the effect of garlic on blood pressure. The Netherlands J Med 2009; 67: 212-9.
  • 20. He FJ, Li J, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2013; 346: 1-15.
  • 21. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E, Medina-Campos ON et al. Garlic prevents hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Life Sci 1998; 62: 71-7.
  • 22. Das I, Khan NS, Sooranna SR. Potent activation of nitric oxide synthase by garlic: a basis for its therapeutic applications. Curr Med Rese Opin 1995; 13: 257-63.
  • 23. Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty K et al. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutr Res 2014; 34: 106-15
  • 24. Al-Qattan KK, Khan I, Alnaqeeb MA et al. Thromboxane-B2, prostaglandin-E2 and hypertension in the rat 2-kidney 1-clip model: a possible mechanism of the garlic induced hypotension. Prostaglandins, Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 2001; 64: 5-10.
  • 25. Medina-Campos ON, Barrera D, SegovianoMurillo S et al. S-allylcysteine scavenges singlet oxygen and hypochlorous acid and protects LLCPK(1) cells of potassium dichromate-induced toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45: 2030-9.
  • 26. Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on the effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) in metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38: 1147-57.
  • 27.Iweala EE, Akubugwo EI, Okeke CU. Effect of ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum linn. Liliaceae on serum cholesterol and blood sugar levels of alibino rabbits. Plant Product Res J 2005; 9:14-8.
  • 28. Emmanuel U, James O. Comparative effects of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts on some haematological and lipid indices of rats. Annu Rev Res Biol 2011; 1:37–44.
  • 29. Al-Numair KS. Hypocholesteremic and antioxidant effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Pak J Nutr 2009; 8: 161–6.
  • 30. Warshafsky S, Kamer RS, Sivak SL. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol, a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 599–605.
  • 31. Silagy CA, Neil HA. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens 1994; 12: 463–8.
  • 32. Ashraf R, Khan RA, Ashraf I. Garlic supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Pak J Pharm Sci 2011; 24: 565–70.
  • 33. Sobenin IA, Pryanishnikov VV, Kunnova LM et al. The effects of timereleased garlic powder tablets on multifunctional cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9: 119.
  • 34. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum). Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51: 1382-5.
  • 35. Lewin G, Popov I. Antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract. 2nd communication: Inhibition of the Cu(2+)-initiated oxidation of low density lipoproteins. Arzneimittelforschung 1994; 44: 604-7.
  • 36. Gebhardt R, Beck H. Differential inhibitory effects of garlic derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte culture. Lipids 1996; 31: 1269–76.
  • 37.Rahman K., Lowe GM. Garlic and cardiovascular disease: a critical review. J Nutr 2006; 136: 736- 40.
  • 38. Geng Z, Lau BHS. Aged garlic extract modulates glutathione redox cycle and superoxide dismutase activity in vascular endothelial cells. Phytother Res 1997; 11: 54–6.
  • 39.Banerjee SK, Maulik M, Mancahanda SC et al. Dose-dependent induction of endogenous antioxidants in rat heart by chronic administration of garlic. Life Scicences 2002; 70: 1509-18.
  • 40. Khatua TN, Adela R, Banerjee SK. Garlic and cardioprotection: insights into the molecular mechanisms. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91: 448-58.
  • 41. Zhang XH, Maxwell SR, Thorpe GH et al. The action of garlic upon plasma total antioxidant capacity. Biochemical Society Transactions 1997; 25: 523.
  • 42. Phelps S, Harris WS. Garlic supplementation and lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility. Lipids 1993; 28: 475-7.
  • 43. Steiner M, Lin R. Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract. J Cardiovas Pharmacol 1998; 31: 904-8.
  • 44.Rabinkov A, Miron T, Konstantinovski L et al. The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1379: 233–44.
  • 45. Liu C, Cao F, Tang QZ et al. Allicin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via attenuating reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21: 1238–50.
  • 46.Ruffin J, Hunter SA. An evaluation of the side effects of garlic as an antihypertensive agent. Cytobios 1983; 37: 85-9.
  • 47. Yadav RK, Verma NS. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the heart rate, rhythm and force of contraction in frog: a dose-dependent study. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42: 628-31
  • 48. Martin N, Bardisa L, Pantojaa C et al. Antiarrhythmic profile of a garlic dialystate assaay ed in dogs and isolaated atrial preparations. J Ethanophrmacol 1994; 43: 1-8
  • 49. Aqel MB, Gharaibah MN, Salhab AS. Direct relaxant effects of garlic juice on smooth and cardiac muscles. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33: 13- 9.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Onural Özhan This is me

Hakan Parlakpınar This is me

Ahmet Acet This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özhan, O., Parlakpınar, H., & Acet, A. (2016). Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar. Annals of Health Sciences Research, 5(1), 58-66.
AMA Özhan O, Parlakpınar H, Acet A. Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar. Ann Health Sci Res. April 2016;5(1):58-66.
Chicago Özhan, Onural, Hakan Parlakpınar, and Ahmet Acet. “Sarımsak Ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar”. Annals of Health Sciences Research 5, no. 1 (April 2016): 58-66.
EndNote Özhan O, Parlakpınar H, Acet A (April 1, 2016) Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar. Annals of Health Sciences Research 5 1 58–66.
IEEE O. Özhan, H. Parlakpınar, and A. Acet, “Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar”, Ann Health Sci Res, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 58–66, 2016.
ISNAD Özhan, Onural et al. “Sarımsak Ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar”. Annals of Health Sciences Research 5/1 (April 2016), 58-66.
JAMA Özhan O, Parlakpınar H, Acet A. Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar. Ann Health Sci Res. 2016;5:58–66.
MLA Özhan, Onural et al. “Sarımsak Ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar”. Annals of Health Sciences Research, vol. 5, no. 1, 2016, pp. 58-66.
Vancouver Özhan O, Parlakpınar H, Acet A. Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar. Ann Health Sci Res. 2016;5(1):58-66.